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Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 01.01.2019

Abstract

Kültürler arası araştırmalarda bireycilik ve toplulukçuluk (IND-COL) konusunun en çok çalışılan kavram olması ve bireysel düzeyi de dikkate alabilmesi nedeniyle IND-COL Türkiye’nin kültürler arası yönetim yazınında önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Ancak geçmiş çalışmalardan anlaşıldığı üzere IND-COL kavramının hem içerik hem de ölçüm anlamında problemli olduğu noktalar bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma bu tür problemleri çözmek için tekrar düzenlenen yeni IND-COL ölçeğini Türkçe’ye kazandırmayı hedeflemektedir. Oyserman, Coon ve Kemmelmeier’ın (2002) meta analizinden esinlenerek geliştirilen Türkçe IND-COL ölçeğini (Oyserman, 2005) geçerlemek için iki farklı çalışma tasarlanmıştır. 440 kişilik örneklemi dikkate alan birinci çalışma IND-COL’un çok boyutlu faktör yapısını (IND: başarıya önem vermek, özgürlüğe önem vermek, özgünlüğe önem vermek. COL: aile, grup içi kadercilik, kişilerarası ilişkiler) test etmiştir. 107 kişilik örneklemi dikkate alan ikinci çalışma ise aynı ölçeğin yakınsama ve ayırt edici geçerliliğini test etmiştir. Yeni IND-COL ölçeği kısmen geçerlenmiş ve ölçeğin yakınsama ve ayırt edici geçerliliği gösterilmiştir. Bu bulgular bireyciliğin ve toplulukçuluğun birbirinden ayrı kavramlar olduğunu ve IND-COL’un alt boyutlarının INDCOL’u belirli alanlarda daha iyi anlamaya yaradığını göstermiştir. Ancak yapısal bütünlüğün kısmen düşük olması IND-COL’un çok boyutlu yapısal güvenirliğinin iyileştirilmesi gerektiğini de ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bulguların teorik önemi ve etkileri geçmiş yazın ışığında tartışılmaktadır.  

References

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Validation of Individualism-Collectivism Scale in Turkish Context

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 01.01.2019

Abstract

Since individualism and collectivism (IND-COL) construct is the most studied concept in cross cultural studies and can take individual-level issues into account, it constitutes an important part of Turkish cross-cultural management literature. However, previous studies indicate that the construct is problematic from both conceptual and methodological aspects. Therefore, this study aims to validate the new INDCOL scale which is designated to solve these problems. We conducted two studies in order to validate Oyserman’s (2005) scale inspired from Oyserman, Coon, and Kemmelmeier’s (2002) meta-analysis. The first study which was composed of 440 participants tested the factor structure of INDCOL (IND: success, uniqueness, freedom. COL: family, with-in group destiny, interpersonal relations). The second study which was composed of 107 participants tested the discriminant and convergent validity of the scale. The new IND-COL scale’s factor structure was partly confirmed, and the scale showed convergent and discriminant validity. The results indicated that individualism and collectivism were separate constructs and specific sub-fields of IND-COL contributed to better understanding of the construct. However multidimensional structure of the scale had to be improved due to low structural integrity. In the light of these findings, theoretical implications are discussed.  

References

  • Aldemir, C. M., Arbak, Y., & Özmen, N. T. Ö. (2003). “Türkiye’de İşgörme Anlayışı: Tanımı ve Boyutları”Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1): 5–28.
  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. (1988). “Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach”Psychological Bulletin, 103(3): 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.103.3.411
  • Baltacı, A. (2014)”Değerlendirme farklılıklarının ve atfın nedenselliğinin açıklayıcısı olarak kültür” Uluslararası Sosyal Araşırmalar Dergisi, 7(31): 720–727.
  • Bond, M. H. (2002). “Reclaiming the individual from Hofstede’s ecological analysis--a 20-year odyssey: comment on Oyserman et al. (2002)” Psychological Bulletin, 128(1): 73–77. https://doi. org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.73
  • Brewer, P., & Venaik, S. (2014). “The Ecological Fallacy in National Culture Research” Organization Studies, 35(7): 1063–1086. https://doi. org/10.1177/0170840613517602
  • Briley, D. A., & Wyer, R. S. (2001). “Transitory Determinants of Values and Decisions: The Utility (or Nonutility) of Individualism and Collectivism in Understanding Cultural Differences” Social Cognition, 19(3):197–227. https://doi.org/10.1521/ soco.19.3.197.21474
  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi. org/10.1177/135910457000100301
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Chen, F. F., West, S. G., & Sousa, K. H. (2006). “A comparison of bifactor and second-order models of quality of life” Multivariate Behavioral Research, 41(2): 189–225.
  • Chew, K. (1996). Beyond individualism-collectivism: Additional constructs to consider. University of Oregon, Eugene.
  • Cross, S. E., Bacon, P. L., & Morris, M. L. (2000). “The relational-interdependent self-construal and relationships” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4): 791–808.
  • Cukur, C. S., de Guzman, M. R. T., & Carlo, G. (2004). “Religiosity, values, and horizontal and vertical individualism-collectivism: a study of Turkey, the United States, and the Philippines” The Journal of Social Psychology, 144(6): 613–634. https://doi. org/10.3200/SOCP.144.6.613-634
  • Erkuş, A., & Banai, M. (2011). “Attitudes towards questionable negotiation tactics in Turkey”International Journal of Conflict Management, 22(3): 239–263. https://doi.org/10.1108/10444061111152955
  • Eysenbach, G. (2004).”Improving the quality of web surveys: The Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES)” Journal of Medical Internet Research, 6(3): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.2196/ jmir.6.3.e34
  • Fiske, A. P. (2002). “Using individualism and collectivism to compare cultures--a critique of the validity and measurement of the constructs: comment on Oyserman et al.(2002)” Psychological Bulletin, 128(1): 78–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.78
  • Freeman, M. A., & Bordia, P. (2001). “Assessing alternative models of individualism and collectivism: a confirmatory factor analysis” European Journal of Personality, 15(2): 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1002/ per.398
  • Green, E. G. T., Deschamps, J.-C., & Paez, D. (2005). “Variation of Individualism and Collectivism within and between 20 Countries: A Typological Analysis” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(3): 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022104273654
  • Gudykunst, W. B., Matsumoto, Y., Ting-Toomey, S., Nishida, T., Kim, K., & Heyman, S. (1996). “The Influence of Cultural Individualism-Collectivism, Self Construals, and Individual Values on Communication Styles Across Cultures” Human Communication Research, 22(4): 510–543. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1996.tb00377.x
  • Hawkins, R., & Teng Sze Wei, S. (2017). “Child Sexual Abuse Attributions Among Undergraduate Psychology Students in Singapore” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 26(7): 839–852. https://doi.org/10.10 80/10538712.2017.1360430
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values. Newbury Park,CA: Sage Publications. Hui, C. H., & Triandis, H. C. (1986). “Individualism-Collectivism: A Study of Cross-Cultural Researchers” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 17(2): 225–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002186017002006
  • Hui, C. H., & Yee, C. (1994). “The Shortened lndividualism-Collectivism Scale: Its Relationship to Demographic and Work-Related Variables” Journal of Research in Personality, 28(4): 409–424. https://doi. org/10.1006/jrpe.1994.1029
  • Jackson, D. D. L., Gillaspy, J. A., & Purc-Stephenson, R. (2009). “Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: an overview and some recommendations” Psychological Methods, 14(1): 6–23. https://doi. org/10.1037/a0014694
  • Jason, L. A., Luna, R. D., Alvarez, J., & Stevens, E. (2016). “Collectivism and individualism in Latino recovery homes” Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2640(March): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332 640.2016.1138267
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (1996). “The Autonomous-Relational Self : A New Synthesis” European Psychologist, 1(3): 180–186. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016- 9040.1.3.180
  • Kemmelmeier, M., Burnstein, E., Krumov, K., Genkova, P., Kanagawa, C., Hirshberg, M. S., … Noels, K. A. (2003). Individualism, Collectivism, and Authoritarianism in Seven Societies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34(3), 304–322. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0022022103034003005
  • Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Third Edition. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Kumru, A., Carlo, G., & Edwards, C. P. (2004). “Olumlu Sosyal Davranışların İlişkisel , Kültürel, Bilişsel ve Duyuşsal Bazı Değişkenlerle İlişkisi” Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 19(54): 109–125.
  • Kurtuldu, G. (2016). “Tüketicilerin Toplulukçuluk Değerlerinin Ölçülmesi Hakkında Bir Ölçek Geçerlemesi” Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1): 100–117.
  • Lance, C. E., Dawson, B., Birkelbach, D., & Hoffman, B. J. (2010). “Method effects, measurement error, and substantive conclusions” Organizational Research Methods, 13(3): 435–455. https://doi. org/10.1177/1094428109352528
  • Li, F., & Aksoy, L. (2007). “Dimensionality of individualism-collectivism and measurement equivalence of Triandis and Gelfand’s scale”Journal of Business and Psychology, 21(3): 313–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10869-006-9031-8
  • Lilleoja, L., Dobewall, H., Aavik, T., Strack, M., & Verkasalo, M. (2016). “Measurement equivalence of Schwartz’s refined value structure across countries and modes of data collection: New evidence from Estonia, Finland, and Ethiopia” Personality and Individual Differences, 102: 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. paid.2016.07.009
  • MacCallum, R. C., & Austin, J. T. (2000). “Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research”Annual Review of Psychology, 51: 201–226. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.201
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Engin Bağış Öztürk 0000-0002-5596-4099

Selcen Kılıçaslan Gökoğlu 0000-0002-0237-5266

Nihan Kütahnecioğlu İnan This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2019
Acceptance Date November 7, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Öztürk, E. B., Kılıçaslan Gökoğlu, S., & Kütahnecioğlu İnan, N. (2019). Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi. Ege Academic Review, 19(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.551355
AMA Öztürk EB, Kılıçaslan Gökoğlu S, Kütahnecioğlu İnan N. Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi. ear. January 2019;19(1):1-14. doi:10.21121/eab.551355
Chicago Öztürk, Engin Bağış, Selcen Kılıçaslan Gökoğlu, and Nihan Kütahnecioğlu İnan. “Bireycilik Ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi”. Ege Academic Review 19, no. 1 (January 2019): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.551355.
EndNote Öztürk EB, Kılıçaslan Gökoğlu S, Kütahnecioğlu İnan N (January 1, 2019) Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi. Ege Academic Review 19 1 1–14.
IEEE E. B. Öztürk, S. Kılıçaslan Gökoğlu, and N. Kütahnecioğlu İnan, “Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi”, ear, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2019, doi: 10.21121/eab.551355.
ISNAD Öztürk, Engin Bağış et al. “Bireycilik Ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi”. Ege Academic Review 19/1 (January 2019), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.551355.
JAMA Öztürk EB, Kılıçaslan Gökoğlu S, Kütahnecioğlu İnan N. Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi. ear. 2019;19:1–14.
MLA Öztürk, Engin Bağış et al. “Bireycilik Ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 19, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1-14, doi:10.21121/eab.551355.
Vancouver Öztürk EB, Kılıçaslan Gökoğlu S, Kütahnecioğlu İnan N. Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi. ear. 2019;19(1):1-14.