BibTex RIS Cite

Institutions and Foreign Direct Investments: A Panel Data Analysis for the Middle East and North Africa Region

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 287 - 304, 01.09.2017

Emre Saygın

Abstract

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are rich in natural resources and active labor. However, after 90's, it does not get enough share from global foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, which emerged as the most important external source in the financing of development and which is important in terms of technology and management information transfer. In this study, the determinants effects of institutions on FDI in the MENA region were analyzed by panel data method. The results of analysis show that voice and accountability (%1, negative), regulatory quality (%1, positive), government effectiveness (%5, positive) and rule of law (%10, positive) have significant effect on FDI; but political stabilitynonviolence and control of corruption have no significant effect on FDI. On the other hand, about the explanotary indicators, the results demonstrated that GDP and infrastructure have no significiant; total natural resources rents (%1, negative) and expenditure of education (%10, positive) effect on FDI.

Keywords

Foreign Direct Investments Institutions The Middle East and North Africa Panel Data

References

  • Ackerman, John (2004). “Co-Governance for Accountability: Beyond Exit and Voice”, World Development, Cilt: 32, Sayı: 3, ss.447-63.
  • Açıkalın, Sezgin ve Seyfettin Ünal (2009), Doğrudan Yatırımları ve Portföy Yatırımları, 2. Baskı, Bursa: Ekin Basım Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Alexander, John Seth (2014), “Foreign Direct Investment, the Rule of Law, and the New Institutionalism: Explaining FDI in the Developing World.”, Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association-Meeting Paper, Washington, DC: August 28- 31.
  • Al-Sadig, Ali (2009), “The Effects of Corruption on FDI Inflows”, Cato Journal, Cilt: 29, Sayı: 2, ss.267-94.
  • Baltagi, Badi H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 3’rd Edition, England: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bayraktar, Nihal (2013), “Foreign Direct Investment and Investment Climate”, Procedia Economics and Finance, Cilt: 5, ss.83-92.
  • Bellak, Christian Markus Leibrecht ve Joze P. Damijan (2007), “Infrastructure Endowment and Corporate Income Taxes as Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern European Countries”, The World Economy. Cilt: 32, Sayı: 2, ss.267-90.
  • Berden, Koen, Jeffrey H. Bergstrand ve Eva Van Etten (2014), “Governance and Globalisation”, The World Economy, Cilt: 37, Sayı: 3,ss.353-86.
  • Boudier-Bensebaa, Fabienne (2005), “Agglomeration Economies and Location Choice: Foreign Direct Investment in Hungary”, Economics of Transition, Cilt: 13, Sayı: 4, ss.605-28.
  • Brahim, Mariem ve Houssem Rachdi (2014), “Foreign Direct Investment, Institutions and Economic Growth: Evidence from the MENA Region”, Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, Cilt: 3, ss.328-39.
  • Brunetti, Aymo ve Gregory Kisunko ve Beatrice Wederi (t.y.), “Institutions in Transition Reliability of Rules and Economic Performance in Former Socialist Countries”. World Bank http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/ 1813-9450-1809, (10.03.2014). Research Paper. No: 1809
  • Bulutoğlu, Kenan (1970), 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Yabancı Sermaye, İstanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi.
  • Busse, Matthias ve Carsten Hefeker (2007), “Political Risk, Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment”, European Journal of Political Economy, Cilt: 23, ss.397-415.
  • Çetin, Tamer (2009), “Küreselleşme ve Özelleştirme İlişkisine Eleştirel Bir Bakış: Hukuk ve İktisat Yaklaşımı”, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, Cilt: 46, Sayı: 533, ss.67-82.
  • Ertürk, Emin (1996), Uluslararası İktisat-Teori, Politika, İktisadi Birleşmeler, Uluslararası Parasal İlişkiler, İstanbul: Ekin Kitabevi.
  • Caetano, José ve António Caleiro (2009), “Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How Different are the MENA Countries from the EU”, iBusiness, Cilt: 1, Sayı: 2, ss.65-74.
  • Chan, Kitty K. ve Edward R. Gemayel (2004), “Risk Instability and the Pattern of Foreign Direct Investment in the Middle East and North Africa Region”, IMF Working Paper, No: 04/139.
  • Clausing, Kimberly A.ve Cosmina L. Dorobantu (2005), “Re-entering Europe: Does European Union Candidacy Boost Foreign Direct Investment?”, Economics of Transition, Cilt: 13, ss.77-103. Sayı: 1
  • Commons, John R (1931), “Institutional Economics”. The American Economic Review, Cilt: 21, Sayı: 4, ss.648-57.
  • Dumludağ, Devrim (2008), “Yabancı Sermayenin Kalitesi ve Kurumların Etkisi”, Türkiye’nin Küreselleşmesi - Fırsatlar ve Tehditler (2. Cilt: Ekonominin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma), İbrahim Öztürk (drl.), İstanbul: İTO Yayınları, No:2008-1, ss.105-18. Küreselleşmesi ve
  • Globerman, Steven ve Daniel Shapiro (2005), “Assessing International Mergers and Acquisitions as a Mode of Foreign Direct Investment”, Governance, Multinationals, and Growth, Lorraine Eden ve Wendy Dobson (drl.), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, ss.68-99.
  • Gray, Cheryl W. ve Daniel Kaufmann (1998), “Corruption and Development”,Finance & Development, ss.7-10.
  • Grogan, Louise ve Luc Moers (2001), “Growth Empirics with Institutional Measures for Transition Countries”, Economic Systems, Cilt: 25, ss.323-44.
  • Güriş, Selahattin (2015), “Panel Veri ve Panel Veri Modelleri”, STATA ile Panel Veri Modelleri, Selahattin Güriş (Ed.), İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • Habib, Mohsin ve Leon Zurawicki (2002), “Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment”, Journal of International Business Studies, Cilt: 33, Sayı: 2, ss. 291-307.
  • Hanke, Steve H. ve Stephen J. K. Walters (1997), “Economic Freedom, Prosperity and Equality: A Survey”, Cato Journal, Cilt: 17, Sayı: 2, ss.117-46.
  • Helmy, Heba E (2013), “The Impact of Corruption on FDI: Is MENA an Exception?”, International Review of Applied Economics, Cilt: 27, Sayı: 4, ss.491-514.
  • Hewko, John (2002), “Foreign Direct Investment-Does the Rule of Law Matter?”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace-Democracy and Rule of Law Project Working Paper, No: 26.
  • Iqbal, Farukh ve Nabli, Mustapha Kamel (2004), “Trade, Foreign Direct investment and Development in the Middle East and North Africa”, The Middle East and North Africa Region: The Challenges of Growth and Globalization, Washington DC: IMF, 7-8 April.
  • Karluk, S. Rıdvan (2013), Uluslararası Ekonomi, Teori – Politika, Gözden Geçirilmiş 10. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Kaufmann, Daniel ve Aaart Kraay ve Massimo Mastruzzi (2010), “The Worldwide Governance Indicators-Methodology and Analytical Issues”, The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No: 5430.
  • Kasper, Wolfgang (2007), Ekonomik Özgürlük ve Gelişme, Bahadır Akın (çev.), Ankara: Liberte Yayınları.
  • Kasper, Wolfgang ve Manfred E. Streit (1998), Institutional Economics: Social Order and Public Policy, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Kilishi A. A. ve Diğerleri (2013), “Institutions and Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis”, Journal of African Development, Cilt: 15, Sayı: 2, ss.91-120.
  • Kobeissi, Nada (2005), “Impact of Governance, Legal System and Economic Freedom on Foreign Investment in the MENA Region”, Journal of Comparative International Management, Cilt: 8, Sayı: 1, ss.20-41.
  • Masron, Tajul Ariffin ve Hussin Abdullah (2010), “Institutional Quality as a Determinant for FDI Inflows: Evidence from ASEAN”, World Journal of Management, Cilt: 2, No: 3, ss.115-28.
  • Mauro, Paulo (1995), “Corruption and Growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Cilt: 110, Sayı: 3, ss.681-712.
  • Méon, P. ve Khalid Sekkat (2004), “Does the Quality of Institutions Limit the MENA’s Integration in the World Economy?”, The World Economy, Cilt: 27, Sayı: 9, ss.1475- 1498.
  • Millenium Challenge Corporation (t.y.), Regulatory Quality Indicator Description, https://www.mcc.gov/pages/selection/indicator/regulatory-qualityindicator, (01.02.2015).
  • Mina, Wasseem Michel (2012), “The Institutional Reforms Debate and FDI Flows to the MENA Region: The ‘Best’ Ensemble”, World Development, Cilt: 40, Sayı: 9, ss.1798- 1809.
  • Morriset, Jacques (2000), “Foreign Direct Investment in Africa”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No: 2481.
  • North, Douglass C (2002), Kurumlar, Kurumsal Değişim ve Ekonomik Performans, Gül Çağalı Güven (çev.), İstanbul: Sabancı Üniversitesi Yayınlan.
  • OECD (2014), MENA-OECD Investment Programme-Draft Background Note: Recent FDI Trends in the MENA Region, LAS-OECD Regional Conference and MENA-OECD Regional Investment Working Group, Cairo, 9-11 December.
  • Onyeiwu, Steve (2004), “Analysis of FDI Flows in Developing Countries: Is the MENA Region Different?”, Published Working Paper from the Tenth Annual Conference of the Economic Research Forum. Cairo, http://www.mafhoum.com/press6/172 E11.pdf, (26.09.2014).
  • Owen, Roger ve Şevket Pamuk (2002), 20. Yüzyılda Ortadoğu Ekonomileri Tarihi, Birinci Basım, Ayşe Edirne (çev.), İstanbul: Sabancı Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Samimi, Ahmad Jafari ve Faezeh Ariani (2010), “Governance and FDI in MENA Region”, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Cilt: 4, Sayı: 10, ss.4880-82.
  • Samuelson, P. A (1973), İktisat, Demir Demirgil (çev.), Gözden Geçirilmiş İlaveli Yeni Bası, İstanbul: Menteş Kitabevi.
  • Seyidoğlu, Halil (2001), Uluslararası Finans, 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Güzem Yayınları.
  • Singh, Harinder ve Kwang W. Jun (1995), “Some New Evidence on Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries”, The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No: 1531.
  • Sobhee, Sanjeev K. (2012), “Quality of Institutions and Economic Growth in Developing Economies”, Social Sciences Research Network Papers, http://ssrn.com/abstract=2176542, (10.08.2015).
  • Stein, Ernesto ve Christian Daude (2001), “Institutions, Integration and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment”, New Horizons and Policy Challenges for Foreign Direct Investment in the 21st Century. Mexico City: OECD Global Forum on International Investment, 26-27 November, http://www.oecd.org/industry/inv/investmentstatistic sandanalysis/2407622.pdf, (10.03.2014).
  • Stevens, Paul (2005), “Petrol ve Kalkınma”. Ortadoğu Tarihi Dini, Siyasi, Kültürel ve Ekonomik Perspektiften, Youssef M. Choueiri (hzl.), Fethi Aytuna (çev.), İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınları, ss.485-504.
  • Tandırcıoğlu, Haluk ve Özen, Ahmet (2003), “Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Doğrudan yabancı sermaye Sermaye Yatırımlarıı”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 5, Sayı: 4, ss.105-29.
  • Tatoğlu, Ferda Yerdelen (2013), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi - Stata Uygulamalı, 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayınları.
  • Tintin, Cem (2013), “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in the Central and Eastern European Countries: The Importance of Institutions”, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Cilt: 46, ss.287-98.
  • Töre, Nihat (2001), “Dünyada Yabancı Sermaye Akımları”, Ekonomik İstikrar, Büyüme ve Yabancı Sermaye, Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası, ss.73-86.
  • Transparency International (2006), Global Corruption Report 2006, London.
  • UNCTAD (1991), World Investment Report 1991-The Triad of Foreign Direct Investment, New York.
  • Ün, Turgut (2015), “Stata ile Panel Veri Analizi”. STATA ile Panel Veri Modelleri. Selahattin Güriş (ed.). İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 2015, ss.39-80.
  • Veblen, Thorstein B. (1994), The Theory of Leisure Class, Dover Thrift Editions, Canada: General Publishing Company.
  • Vittorio, Daniele ve Marani Ugo (2006), “Do Institutions Matter for FDI? A Comparative Analysis for the MENA Countries”. MPRA Paper, No: 2426, 2006.
  • World Bank (1997), World Development Report 1997 - The State in a Changing World, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
  • Zhuan, Juzhong ve Diğerleri (2010), “Governance and Institutional Quality and the Links with Economic Growth and Income Inequality: With Special Reference to Developing Asia”, Asia Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series, No: 193.

Kurumlar ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları: Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi İçin Panel Veri Araştırması

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 287 - 304, 01.09.2017

Emre Saygın

Abstract

Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika (ODKA) doğal kaynaklar ve aktif işgücü miktarı bakımından oldukça zengin bir bölgedir. Ancak 90’lı yıllardan sonra kalkınmanın finansmanında en önemli dış kaynak olarak ortaya çıkan ve hem teknoloji hem de yönetim bilgisi transferi açısından önem arz eden küresel doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı akımlarından yeteri kadar pay alamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ODKA bölgesinde kurumların doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları üzerindeki belirleyici etkileri panel veri analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları; doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları üzerinde ifade özgürlüğü ve hesap verilebilirliğin %1 düzeyinde anlamlı ve ters yönlü, düzenlemelerin kalitesinin %1 düzeyinde anlamlı ve aynı yönlü, yönetimin etkinliğinin %5 düzeyinde ve aynı yönlü, hukukun üstünlüğünün %10 düzeyinde anlamlı ve aynı yönlü etkisinin bulunduğunu; siyasal istikrar ve şiddetsizlik ile yolsuzluğun kontrolü göstergelerinin ise anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunmadığını göstermektedir. Diğer taraftan, modele katılan açıklayıcı değişkenlerden GSYİH ve altyapı yeteneğinin doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunmadığı; toplam doğal kaynak rant gelirlerinin %1 düzeyinde anlamlı ve ters yönlü, eğitim harcamalarının ise %10 düzeyinde anlamlı ve aynı yönlü etkisinin bulunduğu saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları Kurumlar Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika Panel Veri

References

  • Ackerman, John (2004). “Co-Governance for Accountability: Beyond Exit and Voice”, World Development, Cilt: 32, Sayı: 3, ss.447-63.
  • Açıkalın, Sezgin ve Seyfettin Ünal (2009), Doğrudan Yatırımları ve Portföy Yatırımları, 2. Baskı, Bursa: Ekin Basım Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Alexander, John Seth (2014), “Foreign Direct Investment, the Rule of Law, and the New Institutionalism: Explaining FDI in the Developing World.”, Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association-Meeting Paper, Washington, DC: August 28- 31.
  • Al-Sadig, Ali (2009), “The Effects of Corruption on FDI Inflows”, Cato Journal, Cilt: 29, Sayı: 2, ss.267-94.
  • Baltagi, Badi H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 3’rd Edition, England: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bayraktar, Nihal (2013), “Foreign Direct Investment and Investment Climate”, Procedia Economics and Finance, Cilt: 5, ss.83-92.
  • Bellak, Christian Markus Leibrecht ve Joze P. Damijan (2007), “Infrastructure Endowment and Corporate Income Taxes as Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern European Countries”, The World Economy. Cilt: 32, Sayı: 2, ss.267-90.
  • Berden, Koen, Jeffrey H. Bergstrand ve Eva Van Etten (2014), “Governance and Globalisation”, The World Economy, Cilt: 37, Sayı: 3,ss.353-86.
  • Boudier-Bensebaa, Fabienne (2005), “Agglomeration Economies and Location Choice: Foreign Direct Investment in Hungary”, Economics of Transition, Cilt: 13, Sayı: 4, ss.605-28.
  • Brahim, Mariem ve Houssem Rachdi (2014), “Foreign Direct Investment, Institutions and Economic Growth: Evidence from the MENA Region”, Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, Cilt: 3, ss.328-39.
  • Brunetti, Aymo ve Gregory Kisunko ve Beatrice Wederi (t.y.), “Institutions in Transition Reliability of Rules and Economic Performance in Former Socialist Countries”. World Bank http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/ 1813-9450-1809, (10.03.2014). Research Paper. No: 1809
  • Bulutoğlu, Kenan (1970), 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Yabancı Sermaye, İstanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi.
  • Busse, Matthias ve Carsten Hefeker (2007), “Political Risk, Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment”, European Journal of Political Economy, Cilt: 23, ss.397-415.
  • Çetin, Tamer (2009), “Küreselleşme ve Özelleştirme İlişkisine Eleştirel Bir Bakış: Hukuk ve İktisat Yaklaşımı”, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, Cilt: 46, Sayı: 533, ss.67-82.
  • Ertürk, Emin (1996), Uluslararası İktisat-Teori, Politika, İktisadi Birleşmeler, Uluslararası Parasal İlişkiler, İstanbul: Ekin Kitabevi.
  • Caetano, José ve António Caleiro (2009), “Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How Different are the MENA Countries from the EU”, iBusiness, Cilt: 1, Sayı: 2, ss.65-74.
  • Chan, Kitty K. ve Edward R. Gemayel (2004), “Risk Instability and the Pattern of Foreign Direct Investment in the Middle East and North Africa Region”, IMF Working Paper, No: 04/139.
  • Clausing, Kimberly A.ve Cosmina L. Dorobantu (2005), “Re-entering Europe: Does European Union Candidacy Boost Foreign Direct Investment?”, Economics of Transition, Cilt: 13, ss.77-103. Sayı: 1
  • Commons, John R (1931), “Institutional Economics”. The American Economic Review, Cilt: 21, Sayı: 4, ss.648-57.
  • Dumludağ, Devrim (2008), “Yabancı Sermayenin Kalitesi ve Kurumların Etkisi”, Türkiye’nin Küreselleşmesi - Fırsatlar ve Tehditler (2. Cilt: Ekonominin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma), İbrahim Öztürk (drl.), İstanbul: İTO Yayınları, No:2008-1, ss.105-18. Küreselleşmesi ve
  • Globerman, Steven ve Daniel Shapiro (2005), “Assessing International Mergers and Acquisitions as a Mode of Foreign Direct Investment”, Governance, Multinationals, and Growth, Lorraine Eden ve Wendy Dobson (drl.), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, ss.68-99.
  • Gray, Cheryl W. ve Daniel Kaufmann (1998), “Corruption and Development”,Finance & Development, ss.7-10.
  • Grogan, Louise ve Luc Moers (2001), “Growth Empirics with Institutional Measures for Transition Countries”, Economic Systems, Cilt: 25, ss.323-44.
  • Güriş, Selahattin (2015), “Panel Veri ve Panel Veri Modelleri”, STATA ile Panel Veri Modelleri, Selahattin Güriş (Ed.), İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • Habib, Mohsin ve Leon Zurawicki (2002), “Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment”, Journal of International Business Studies, Cilt: 33, Sayı: 2, ss. 291-307.
  • Hanke, Steve H. ve Stephen J. K. Walters (1997), “Economic Freedom, Prosperity and Equality: A Survey”, Cato Journal, Cilt: 17, Sayı: 2, ss.117-46.
  • Helmy, Heba E (2013), “The Impact of Corruption on FDI: Is MENA an Exception?”, International Review of Applied Economics, Cilt: 27, Sayı: 4, ss.491-514.
  • Hewko, John (2002), “Foreign Direct Investment-Does the Rule of Law Matter?”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace-Democracy and Rule of Law Project Working Paper, No: 26.
  • Iqbal, Farukh ve Nabli, Mustapha Kamel (2004), “Trade, Foreign Direct investment and Development in the Middle East and North Africa”, The Middle East and North Africa Region: The Challenges of Growth and Globalization, Washington DC: IMF, 7-8 April.
  • Karluk, S. Rıdvan (2013), Uluslararası Ekonomi, Teori – Politika, Gözden Geçirilmiş 10. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Kaufmann, Daniel ve Aaart Kraay ve Massimo Mastruzzi (2010), “The Worldwide Governance Indicators-Methodology and Analytical Issues”, The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No: 5430.
  • Kasper, Wolfgang (2007), Ekonomik Özgürlük ve Gelişme, Bahadır Akın (çev.), Ankara: Liberte Yayınları.
  • Kasper, Wolfgang ve Manfred E. Streit (1998), Institutional Economics: Social Order and Public Policy, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Kilishi A. A. ve Diğerleri (2013), “Institutions and Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis”, Journal of African Development, Cilt: 15, Sayı: 2, ss.91-120.
  • Kobeissi, Nada (2005), “Impact of Governance, Legal System and Economic Freedom on Foreign Investment in the MENA Region”, Journal of Comparative International Management, Cilt: 8, Sayı: 1, ss.20-41.
  • Masron, Tajul Ariffin ve Hussin Abdullah (2010), “Institutional Quality as a Determinant for FDI Inflows: Evidence from ASEAN”, World Journal of Management, Cilt: 2, No: 3, ss.115-28.
  • Mauro, Paulo (1995), “Corruption and Growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Cilt: 110, Sayı: 3, ss.681-712.
  • Méon, P. ve Khalid Sekkat (2004), “Does the Quality of Institutions Limit the MENA’s Integration in the World Economy?”, The World Economy, Cilt: 27, Sayı: 9, ss.1475- 1498.
  • Millenium Challenge Corporation (t.y.), Regulatory Quality Indicator Description, https://www.mcc.gov/pages/selection/indicator/regulatory-qualityindicator, (01.02.2015).
  • Mina, Wasseem Michel (2012), “The Institutional Reforms Debate and FDI Flows to the MENA Region: The ‘Best’ Ensemble”, World Development, Cilt: 40, Sayı: 9, ss.1798- 1809.
  • Morriset, Jacques (2000), “Foreign Direct Investment in Africa”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No: 2481.
  • North, Douglass C (2002), Kurumlar, Kurumsal Değişim ve Ekonomik Performans, Gül Çağalı Güven (çev.), İstanbul: Sabancı Üniversitesi Yayınlan.
  • OECD (2014), MENA-OECD Investment Programme-Draft Background Note: Recent FDI Trends in the MENA Region, LAS-OECD Regional Conference and MENA-OECD Regional Investment Working Group, Cairo, 9-11 December.
  • Onyeiwu, Steve (2004), “Analysis of FDI Flows in Developing Countries: Is the MENA Region Different?”, Published Working Paper from the Tenth Annual Conference of the Economic Research Forum. Cairo, http://www.mafhoum.com/press6/172 E11.pdf, (26.09.2014).
  • Owen, Roger ve Şevket Pamuk (2002), 20. Yüzyılda Ortadoğu Ekonomileri Tarihi, Birinci Basım, Ayşe Edirne (çev.), İstanbul: Sabancı Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Samimi, Ahmad Jafari ve Faezeh Ariani (2010), “Governance and FDI in MENA Region”, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Cilt: 4, Sayı: 10, ss.4880-82.
  • Samuelson, P. A (1973), İktisat, Demir Demirgil (çev.), Gözden Geçirilmiş İlaveli Yeni Bası, İstanbul: Menteş Kitabevi.
  • Seyidoğlu, Halil (2001), Uluslararası Finans, 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Güzem Yayınları.
  • Singh, Harinder ve Kwang W. Jun (1995), “Some New Evidence on Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries”, The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No: 1531.
  • Sobhee, Sanjeev K. (2012), “Quality of Institutions and Economic Growth in Developing Economies”, Social Sciences Research Network Papers, http://ssrn.com/abstract=2176542, (10.08.2015).
  • Stein, Ernesto ve Christian Daude (2001), “Institutions, Integration and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment”, New Horizons and Policy Challenges for Foreign Direct Investment in the 21st Century. Mexico City: OECD Global Forum on International Investment, 26-27 November, http://www.oecd.org/industry/inv/investmentstatistic sandanalysis/2407622.pdf, (10.03.2014).
  • Stevens, Paul (2005), “Petrol ve Kalkınma”. Ortadoğu Tarihi Dini, Siyasi, Kültürel ve Ekonomik Perspektiften, Youssef M. Choueiri (hzl.), Fethi Aytuna (çev.), İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınları, ss.485-504.
  • Tandırcıoğlu, Haluk ve Özen, Ahmet (2003), “Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Doğrudan yabancı sermaye Sermaye Yatırımlarıı”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 5, Sayı: 4, ss.105-29.
  • Tatoğlu, Ferda Yerdelen (2013), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi - Stata Uygulamalı, 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayınları.
  • Tintin, Cem (2013), “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in the Central and Eastern European Countries: The Importance of Institutions”, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Cilt: 46, ss.287-98.
  • Töre, Nihat (2001), “Dünyada Yabancı Sermaye Akımları”, Ekonomik İstikrar, Büyüme ve Yabancı Sermaye, Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası, ss.73-86.
  • Transparency International (2006), Global Corruption Report 2006, London.
  • UNCTAD (1991), World Investment Report 1991-The Triad of Foreign Direct Investment, New York.
  • Ün, Turgut (2015), “Stata ile Panel Veri Analizi”. STATA ile Panel Veri Modelleri. Selahattin Güriş (ed.). İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 2015, ss.39-80.
  • Veblen, Thorstein B. (1994), The Theory of Leisure Class, Dover Thrift Editions, Canada: General Publishing Company.
  • Vittorio, Daniele ve Marani Ugo (2006), “Do Institutions Matter for FDI? A Comparative Analysis for the MENA Countries”. MPRA Paper, No: 2426, 2006.
  • World Bank (1997), World Development Report 1997 - The State in a Changing World, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
  • Zhuan, Juzhong ve Diğerleri (2010), “Governance and Institutional Quality and the Links with Economic Growth and Income Inequality: With Special Reference to Developing Asia”, Asia Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series, No: 193.
There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emre Saygın

Publication Date September 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Saygın, E. (2017). Kurumlar ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları: Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi İçin Panel Veri Araştırması. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(3), 287-304.
AMA Saygın E. Kurumlar ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları: Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi İçin Panel Veri Araştırması. UEAD. September 2017;3(3):287-304.
Chicago Saygın, Emre. “Kurumlar Ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları: Ortadoğu Ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi İçin Panel Veri Araştırması”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3, no. 3 (September 2017): 287-304.
EndNote Saygın E (September 1, 2017) Kurumlar ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları: Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi İçin Panel Veri Araştırması. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3 3 287–304.
IEEE E. Saygın, “Kurumlar ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları: Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi İçin Panel Veri Araştırması”, UEAD, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 287–304, 2017.
ISNAD Saygın, Emre. “Kurumlar Ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları: Ortadoğu Ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi İçin Panel Veri Araştırması”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3/3 (September 2017), 287-304.
JAMA Saygın E. Kurumlar ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları: Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi İçin Panel Veri Araştırması. UEAD. 2017;3:287–304.
MLA Saygın, Emre. “Kurumlar Ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları: Ortadoğu Ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi İçin Panel Veri Araştırması”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 3, 2017, pp. 287-04.
Vancouver Saygın E. Kurumlar ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları: Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi İçin Panel Veri Araştırması. UEAD. 2017;3(3):287-304.