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Trends in Biodefense Strategies: Confronting Emerging Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism Threats

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 241 - 258
https://doi.org/10.46871/eams.1622524

Abstract

Biodefense refers to a range of preventive initiatives in public health responses that play a crucial role in controlling, preventing, and reducing the impact of bioterrorism. This study analyzes publication trends and co-authorship networks in biodefense and emerging infectious diseases research from 2000 to 2024 using data from the Scopus and PubMed databases. The results of this study show the significant surge in research productivity after which major health emergencies occurred, such as the 2001's anthrax attacks in the U.S., and H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics, highlighting the responsive nature of biodefense research. Leading organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Harvard Medical School, and the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as countries like the United States, China, and Australia emerge as the most active entities in implementing worldwide collaborative efforts for scientific research in the field of biodefense. Despite growth in international partnerships, challenges such as funding disparities and research silos remain. Eventually the research suggests that opportunities for advancing biodefense research include expanding interdisciplinary and cross-national collaboration to create a more resilient, inclusive framework for addressing global health threats. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of proactive, collaborative approaches to enhance global preparedness for emerging health challenges.

References

  • 1. Lentzos F. Biology's Misuse Potential. Connections. 2016 Apr 1;15(2):48-64.
  • 2. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127153001/ https://www.fbi.gov/history/famouscases/amerithrax-or anthrax-investigation (last access date: 2024 Oct 31).
  • 3. Long CM, Marzi A. Biodefence research two decades on: worth the investment?. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021 Aug 1;21(8):e222-33.
  • 4. Artenstein AW. Bioterrorism and biodefense. Infectious Diseases. 2017 Mar 21:747.
  • 5. Casadevall A. Passive antibody administration (immediate immunity) as a specific defense against biological weapons. Emerging infectious diseases. 2002 Aug;8(8):833.
  • 6. Tegos GP. Biodefense. Virulence. 2013 Nov 15;4(8).
  • 7. Renault V, Humblet MF, Saegerman C. Biosecurity concept: Origins, evolution and perspectives. Animals. 2021 Dec 28;12(1):63.
  • 8. Frischknecht F. The history of biological warfare: Human experimentation, modern nightmares and lone madmen in the twentieth century. EMBO reports. 2003 Jun 1;4(S1):S47- 52.
  • 9. Inglesby TV, Henderson DA. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science. A decade in biosecurity. Introduction. Biosecurity and bioterrorism: biodefense strategy, practice, and science. 2012 Mar 1;10(1):5-.
  • 10. https://bwcimplementation.org/states/china (last access date: 2024 Oct 31).
  • 11. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nationalsecurity/2023/08/17/bioweapon-defensepentagon-threats china/ (last access date: 2024 Oct 26).
  • 12. https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Wild-BlueYonder/Articles/ArticleDisplay/Article/2094603/biohazard-alook-at-chinas-biologicalcapabilities-and-the-recent coronaviruso/#:~:text=In%201952%20and%201984%2C%20the,violation%20of%20its%20B TWC%20obligations (last access date: 2024 Oct 31).
  • 13. Yahya MA, Mammadzada H. Targeting generation Z: A systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis for effective marketing. Journal of Politics Economy and Management. 2024;7(1):21-44.
  • 14. Van Eck N, Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping.scientometrics. 2010 Aug 1;84(2):523-38.
  • 15. Yahya MA. Trends and Insights in Lavandula angustifolia Research: A Critical Literature Review (CLR) and Bibliometric Analysis of Scopus and PubMed Databases. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology. 2024 Oct 7;7(3):161-79.
  • 16. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseaseoutbreak-news/item/2022- DON409?utm_source=chatgpt.com (last access data: 10 June 2025).
  • 17. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseaseoutbreak-news/item/2023-DON472 (last access data: 10 June 2025).
  • 18. https://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/lassa-feverpeak-hits-nigeria-again-alima-partnershipministry-health and-communities-owosouthwest-nigeria-combatsdisease#:~:text=Between%20January%20and%
  • 20March%202025,Nigeria%2C%20leading%2 0to%20103%20deaths (last access data: 10 June 2025).

Biyosavunma Stratejilerindeki Eğilimler: Ortaya Çıkan Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar ve Biyoterörizm Tehditleriyle Mücadele

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 241 - 258
https://doi.org/10.46871/eams.1622524

Abstract

Biyosavunma, biyoterörizmi kontrol altına almak, önlemek ve etkisini azaltmak için halk sağlığı tepkilerinde kritik bir rol oynayan bir dizi önleyici girişimi ifade eder. Bu çalışma, 2000-2024 yılları arasında Scopus ve PubMed veri tabanlarından elde edilen verilerle biyosavunma ve ortaya çıkan bulaşıcı hastalıklar araştırmalarındaki yayın eğilimlerini ve ortak yazarlık ağlarını analiz etmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, 2001’de ABD’deki şarbon saldırıları ve H1N1 ile COVID-19 pandemileri gibi büyük sağlık acil durumlarının ardından araştırma üretkenliğinde önemli bir artış olduğunu göstermekte ve biyosavunma araştırmalarının hızlı tepki verme doğasını vurgulamaktadır. Hastalık Kontrol ve Önleme Merkezleri (CDC), Harvard Tıp Fakültesi ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) gibi önde gelen kuruluşlar ile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Çin ve Avustralya gibi ülkeler, biyosavunma alanında bilimsel araştırmalar için dünya çapında işbirliği çabalarını uygulamada en aktif aktörler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Uluslararası ortaklıklardaki büyümeye rağmen, finansman eşitsizlikleri ve araştırma alanlarındaki izolasyon gibi zorluklar devam etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, araştırma, biyosavunma çalışmalarını ilerletmek için disiplinler arası ve uluslararası işbirliklerinin genişletilmesi gerektiğini, böylece küresel sağlık tehditlerini ele almak için daha dirençli ve kapsayıcı bir çerçeve oluşturulabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Ayrıca çalışma, ortaya çıkan sağlık sorunlarına karşı küresel hazırlığı artırmak için proaktif ve işbirlikçi yaklaşımların önemini vurgulamaktadır.

References

  • 1. Lentzos F. Biology's Misuse Potential. Connections. 2016 Apr 1;15(2):48-64.
  • 2. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127153001/ https://www.fbi.gov/history/famouscases/amerithrax-or anthrax-investigation (last access date: 2024 Oct 31).
  • 3. Long CM, Marzi A. Biodefence research two decades on: worth the investment?. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021 Aug 1;21(8):e222-33.
  • 4. Artenstein AW. Bioterrorism and biodefense. Infectious Diseases. 2017 Mar 21:747.
  • 5. Casadevall A. Passive antibody administration (immediate immunity) as a specific defense against biological weapons. Emerging infectious diseases. 2002 Aug;8(8):833.
  • 6. Tegos GP. Biodefense. Virulence. 2013 Nov 15;4(8).
  • 7. Renault V, Humblet MF, Saegerman C. Biosecurity concept: Origins, evolution and perspectives. Animals. 2021 Dec 28;12(1):63.
  • 8. Frischknecht F. The history of biological warfare: Human experimentation, modern nightmares and lone madmen in the twentieth century. EMBO reports. 2003 Jun 1;4(S1):S47- 52.
  • 9. Inglesby TV, Henderson DA. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science. A decade in biosecurity. Introduction. Biosecurity and bioterrorism: biodefense strategy, practice, and science. 2012 Mar 1;10(1):5-.
  • 10. https://bwcimplementation.org/states/china (last access date: 2024 Oct 31).
  • 11. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nationalsecurity/2023/08/17/bioweapon-defensepentagon-threats china/ (last access date: 2024 Oct 26).
  • 12. https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Wild-BlueYonder/Articles/ArticleDisplay/Article/2094603/biohazard-alook-at-chinas-biologicalcapabilities-and-the-recent coronaviruso/#:~:text=In%201952%20and%201984%2C%20the,violation%20of%20its%20B TWC%20obligations (last access date: 2024 Oct 31).
  • 13. Yahya MA, Mammadzada H. Targeting generation Z: A systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis for effective marketing. Journal of Politics Economy and Management. 2024;7(1):21-44.
  • 14. Van Eck N, Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping.scientometrics. 2010 Aug 1;84(2):523-38.
  • 15. Yahya MA. Trends and Insights in Lavandula angustifolia Research: A Critical Literature Review (CLR) and Bibliometric Analysis of Scopus and PubMed Databases. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology. 2024 Oct 7;7(3):161-79.
  • 16. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseaseoutbreak-news/item/2022- DON409?utm_source=chatgpt.com (last access data: 10 June 2025).
  • 17. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseaseoutbreak-news/item/2023-DON472 (last access data: 10 June 2025).
  • 18. https://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/lassa-feverpeak-hits-nigeria-again-alima-partnershipministry-health and-communities-owosouthwest-nigeria-combatsdisease#:~:text=Between%20January%20and%
  • 20March%202025,Nigeria%2C%20leading%2 0to%20103%20deaths (last access data: 10 June 2025).
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Infectious Diseases
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mir Abdullatif Yahya 0000-0002-3699-2983

Early Pub Date November 7, 2025
Publication Date November 14, 2025
Submission Date January 18, 2025
Acceptance Date July 9, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Yahya MA. Trends in Biodefense Strategies: Confronting Emerging Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism Threats. Exp Appl Med Sci. 2025;6(3):241-58.

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