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Economic and Environmental Effects of Treadwear Index in Vehicle Tires

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 581 - 591, 31.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.681137

Abstract

The only component in contact with the ground is the vehicle wheels. Tires used in vehicle wheels are quite diverse on the market. Although the tire tread pattern and brand are used as an important parameter in the purchase of vehicle tires, the tire treadwear index, which is an indicator of tire life, is unfortunately ignored. In this study, the economic and environmental effects of the tire treadwear index were examined using the price and tire treadwear index values for 7 different manufacturers, 20 different models and 3 different dimensions for these tire models. Although the tire treadwear index has no significant effect on the price of the tire, it has been found to be advantageous both economically and environmentally because the tire with high treadwear index has less wear. However, it is possible to reduce the tire cost by approximately 70% during the economic life of the vehicle (about 10 years) by choosing tires with a high tire treadwear index in the purchase of tires. The same is true for reducing particulate matter emissions (or CO2 equivalent emissions) caused by tire wear. The results of the study are especially important and interesting for vehicle manufacturers and tire dealers. However, this study provided very practical information, especially in terms of assessing the economic and environmental impacts of vehicle owners' tire choice.

References

  • [1]. Lugner, P., “Vehicle Dynamics of Modern Passenger Cars”, Springer, (2019).
  • [2]. Jazar, R.N. (2019). “Advanced vehicle Dynamics”, Springer, New York, (2019).
  • [3]. Ikeda Y., Kato A., Kohjiya S., & Nakajima Y.,“Pneumatic Tire Technology”, Rubber Science, Springer, Singapore, (2018).
  • [4]. Khan, F.R., Halle, L.L., Palmqvist, A., “Acute and long-term toxicity of micronized car tire wear particles to Hyalella azteca”, Aquatic Toxicology, 2019, 213, 105216.
  • [5]. Ma, B., Xu, H.G., Chen, Y., Lin, M.Y., “Evaluating the tire wear quantity and differences based on vehicle and road coupling method”, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 9(5), 1687814017700063.
  • [6]. Pohrt R. “Tire wear particle hot spots–review of influencing factors”, Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 17(1), 17-27.
  • [7]. Kalyoncu, E., İsmailoğlu, A., Kara A. “Patinaj Yöntemiyle Lastik Aşınma Testi”, İzlek Akademik Dergi, 2019, 2(1), 12-32.
  • [8]. Altın M., Koca A., Solmaz H., Yılmaz E., “Türkiye’de Otomobillerden Kaynaklanan Lastik Atık Miktarının İncelenmesi, Politeknik Dergisi, 2013, 16(2), 51-56.
  • [9]. Grigoratos T., Gustafsson M., Eriksson O., Martini G., “Experimental investigation of tread wear and particle emission from tyres with different treadwear marking”, Atmospheric environment, 2018, 182, 200-212.
  • [10]. Tirerack, 2019, https://www.tirerack.com/tires/tiretech/techpage.jsp?techid=33, Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [11]. Modern tire dealer, 2019, https://www.moderntiredealer.com/article/312179/continental-double-tech Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [12]. Nokian, 2019, https://www.nokiantires.com/innovation/innovations/driving-safety-indicator-dsi-nokian-entyre-2.0/ Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [13]. Lesschwap, 2019, https://www.lesschwab.com/article/tire-tread-and-the-useful-penny-test.html Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [14]. Bridgestone Türkiye, 2019, https://www.bridgestone.com.tr/lastik-kullanim-ve-raf-omru-onerileri?gclid=Cj0KCQiApaXxBRDNARIsAGFdaB_MzjvjqQOL1QyhxKpZCJF9dQ0i4lVNAgNvz97arN-hzlxpovlMQNoaAlUvEALw_wcB Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [15]. Edmunds, 2019, https://www.edmunds.com/car-maintenance/how-old-and-dangerous-are-your-tires.html
  • [16]. Michelin, 2019, https://www.michelinman.com/howLongTireLast.html Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [17]. California Air Resources Board, 2019, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/brake-tire-wear-emissions Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [18]. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2019, https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator Accessed: 24.01.2019.

Taşıt Lastiklerinde Diş Aşınma İndeksinin Ekonomik ve Çevresel Etkileri

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 581 - 591, 31.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.681137

Abstract

Yer ile taşıtın temas halinde olduğu tek komponent taşıt tekerlekleridir. Taşıt tekerleklerinde kullanılan lastikler piyasada oldukça çeşitlidir. Taşıt lastiklerinin satın alımında, lastik sırt deseni ve marka tüketiciler tarafından önemli bir parametre olarak kullanılmasına rağmen, lastik ömrünün göstergesi olan lastik diş aşınma indeksi maalesef göz ardı edilmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada 7 farklı lastik üreticisinin, 20 farklı lastik modeli ve bu lastik modellerine ait 3 farklı lastik boyutu için fiyat ve lastik diş aşınma indeksi değerleri kullanılarak, lastik diş aşınma indeksinin ekonomik ve çevresel olarak etkileri incelenmiştir. Lastik diş aşınma indeksinin lastik fiyatı üzerinde belirgin bir etkisi bulunmamasına rağmen, lastik diş aşınma indeksi yüksek olan lastikte aşıntı daha az olduğundan dolayı hem ekonomik hem de çevresel olarak avantajlı olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte lastik satın alımında lastik diş aşınma indeksi yüksek lastikler tercih ederek taşıtın ekonomik kullanım ömrü süresince (yaklaşık 10 yıl) lastik maliyetinin yaklaşık %70 azaltılması mümkündür. Aynı durum lastik aşınmasından kaynaklanan partikül madde emisyonunun (veya CO2 eşdeğeri emisyon) azaltılması için de geçerlidir. Yapılan çalışma sonuçları özellikle taşıt üreticileri ve lastik satıcıları için önemli ve ilgi çekicidir. Bununla birlikte, bu çalışma özellikle taşıt sahiplerinin lastik seçiminin ekonomik ve çevresel etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi bakımından oldukça pratik bilgiler sunmuştur.

References

  • [1]. Lugner, P., “Vehicle Dynamics of Modern Passenger Cars”, Springer, (2019).
  • [2]. Jazar, R.N. (2019). “Advanced vehicle Dynamics”, Springer, New York, (2019).
  • [3]. Ikeda Y., Kato A., Kohjiya S., & Nakajima Y.,“Pneumatic Tire Technology”, Rubber Science, Springer, Singapore, (2018).
  • [4]. Khan, F.R., Halle, L.L., Palmqvist, A., “Acute and long-term toxicity of micronized car tire wear particles to Hyalella azteca”, Aquatic Toxicology, 2019, 213, 105216.
  • [5]. Ma, B., Xu, H.G., Chen, Y., Lin, M.Y., “Evaluating the tire wear quantity and differences based on vehicle and road coupling method”, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 9(5), 1687814017700063.
  • [6]. Pohrt R. “Tire wear particle hot spots–review of influencing factors”, Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 17(1), 17-27.
  • [7]. Kalyoncu, E., İsmailoğlu, A., Kara A. “Patinaj Yöntemiyle Lastik Aşınma Testi”, İzlek Akademik Dergi, 2019, 2(1), 12-32.
  • [8]. Altın M., Koca A., Solmaz H., Yılmaz E., “Türkiye’de Otomobillerden Kaynaklanan Lastik Atık Miktarının İncelenmesi, Politeknik Dergisi, 2013, 16(2), 51-56.
  • [9]. Grigoratos T., Gustafsson M., Eriksson O., Martini G., “Experimental investigation of tread wear and particle emission from tyres with different treadwear marking”, Atmospheric environment, 2018, 182, 200-212.
  • [10]. Tirerack, 2019, https://www.tirerack.com/tires/tiretech/techpage.jsp?techid=33, Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [11]. Modern tire dealer, 2019, https://www.moderntiredealer.com/article/312179/continental-double-tech Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [12]. Nokian, 2019, https://www.nokiantires.com/innovation/innovations/driving-safety-indicator-dsi-nokian-entyre-2.0/ Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [13]. Lesschwap, 2019, https://www.lesschwab.com/article/tire-tread-and-the-useful-penny-test.html Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [14]. Bridgestone Türkiye, 2019, https://www.bridgestone.com.tr/lastik-kullanim-ve-raf-omru-onerileri?gclid=Cj0KCQiApaXxBRDNARIsAGFdaB_MzjvjqQOL1QyhxKpZCJF9dQ0i4lVNAgNvz97arN-hzlxpovlMQNoaAlUvEALw_wcB Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [15]. Edmunds, 2019, https://www.edmunds.com/car-maintenance/how-old-and-dangerous-are-your-tires.html
  • [16]. Michelin, 2019, https://www.michelinman.com/howLongTireLast.html Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [17]. California Air Resources Board, 2019, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/brake-tire-wear-emissions Accessed: 24.01.2019.
  • [18]. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2019, https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator Accessed: 24.01.2019.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Emre Arabacı 0000-0002-6219-7246

Bayram Kılıç 0000-0002-8577-1845

Recep Çağrı Orman 0000-0002-7700-2800

Publication Date May 31, 2020
Submission Date January 28, 2020
Acceptance Date March 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE E. Arabacı, B. Kılıç, and R. Ç. Orman, “Economic and Environmental Effects of Treadwear Index in Vehicle Tires”, ECJSE, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 581–591, 2020, doi: 10.31202/ecjse.681137.