There are similarities and differences in the level of human development in Arab states that control large geographical borders. It is stated that it is imperative to initiate improvements in the financial, social and women's empowerment as well as information and technology fields in order to secure the progress of the Arab states. This article examines the human development of women in Arab states. For this purpose, the place of women in the total labor force and their participation in employment and education level were examined from a comparative perspective. By examining women's participation in the workforce in terms of human development, cultural, economic and political factors that are important in workforce participation are mentioned. In the last part, it has been tried to question whether there is a relationship between women's participation in the economy and their participation in decision-making processes in terms of human development perspective.
Clement, M.H., Springbord, R. (2001). Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Deniz, M.H., Hobikoğlu, E.H. (2012). Economic Evaluation of Women’s Employment in the Context of Development Index According to Gender: Case of Turkey. Paper Presented at International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Retrievedfromhttp://avekon.org/papers/546.pdf
Pearson, R. (1998). Nimble Fingers’ Revisited: Reflection on Women and Third World Industrialization in the Late Twentieth Century. Cecile Jackson and Ruth Pearson eds. Feminist Visions of Development Gender Analysis and Policy. New York: Routledge.
Psacharopoulos, G.E., Tzannatos, Z.A. Female Labor Force Participation: An International Perspective. The World Bank Research Observer, 47 (2), 187-201.
Rauch, J.A., Kostyshak, S.C. (2009). The Three Arab Worlds. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23, 165-188.
Thanatos, Z.A. (1999). Women and Labor Market Changes in the Global Economy: Growth helps, Inequalities Hurt and Public Policy Matter. World Development, 27(3), 551-569.
UNDP. (2002). Arab Human Development Report 2002. New York: United Nations.
UNDP. (2014). Human Development Report 2014, New York: United Nations Publication.
UNDP. (2015, August 5) United Nations Development Program in the Arab States. About .Retrieved from
http://www.arabstates.undp.org/content/rbas/en/home/regioninfo.html
UNDP. (2022). Human Development Report 2022/2022. New York: United Nations
UNESCO. (2003). Literacy and Adult Education in the Arab World, Regional Report for the CONFINTEA V Mid-Term Review Conference. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/pdf/country/arab_world.pdf
Weldom, S.L. (2002). Protest, Policy, and the Problem of Violence Against Women: A Cross-National Comparison. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
The World Bank. (2004). MENA Development Report Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa Women in the Public Sphere. Washington DC: World Bank.
The World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators
The World Bank. (2022). Data. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator
World Economic Forum. (2012). The Global Gender Gap Report 2012. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Economic Forum. (2016). The Global Gender GAP Report 2016. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Population Review. (2022). Arab Countries/Arab League Countries. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries
Year 2022,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 178 - 190, 31.12.2022
Clement, M.H., Springbord, R. (2001). Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Deniz, M.H., Hobikoğlu, E.H. (2012). Economic Evaluation of Women’s Employment in the Context of Development Index According to Gender: Case of Turkey. Paper Presented at International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Retrievedfromhttp://avekon.org/papers/546.pdf
Pearson, R. (1998). Nimble Fingers’ Revisited: Reflection on Women and Third World Industrialization in the Late Twentieth Century. Cecile Jackson and Ruth Pearson eds. Feminist Visions of Development Gender Analysis and Policy. New York: Routledge.
Psacharopoulos, G.E., Tzannatos, Z.A. Female Labor Force Participation: An International Perspective. The World Bank Research Observer, 47 (2), 187-201.
Rauch, J.A., Kostyshak, S.C. (2009). The Three Arab Worlds. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23, 165-188.
Thanatos, Z.A. (1999). Women and Labor Market Changes in the Global Economy: Growth helps, Inequalities Hurt and Public Policy Matter. World Development, 27(3), 551-569.
UNDP. (2002). Arab Human Development Report 2002. New York: United Nations.
UNDP. (2014). Human Development Report 2014, New York: United Nations Publication.
UNDP. (2015, August 5) United Nations Development Program in the Arab States. About .Retrieved from
http://www.arabstates.undp.org/content/rbas/en/home/regioninfo.html
UNDP. (2022). Human Development Report 2022/2022. New York: United Nations
UNESCO. (2003). Literacy and Adult Education in the Arab World, Regional Report for the CONFINTEA V Mid-Term Review Conference. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/pdf/country/arab_world.pdf
Weldom, S.L. (2002). Protest, Policy, and the Problem of Violence Against Women: A Cross-National Comparison. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
The World Bank. (2004). MENA Development Report Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa Women in the Public Sphere. Washington DC: World Bank.
The World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators
The World Bank. (2022). Data. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator
World Economic Forum. (2012). The Global Gender Gap Report 2012. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Economic Forum. (2016). The Global Gender GAP Report 2016. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Population Review. (2022). Arab Countries/Arab League Countries. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries
Year 2022,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 178 - 190, 31.12.2022
Clement, M.H., Springbord, R. (2001). Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Deniz, M.H., Hobikoğlu, E.H. (2012). Economic Evaluation of Women’s Employment in the Context of Development Index According to Gender: Case of Turkey. Paper Presented at International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Retrievedfromhttp://avekon.org/papers/546.pdf
Pearson, R. (1998). Nimble Fingers’ Revisited: Reflection on Women and Third World Industrialization in the Late Twentieth Century. Cecile Jackson and Ruth Pearson eds. Feminist Visions of Development Gender Analysis and Policy. New York: Routledge.
Psacharopoulos, G.E., Tzannatos, Z.A. Female Labor Force Participation: An International Perspective. The World Bank Research Observer, 47 (2), 187-201.
Rauch, J.A., Kostyshak, S.C. (2009). The Three Arab Worlds. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23, 165-188.
Thanatos, Z.A. (1999). Women and Labor Market Changes in the Global Economy: Growth helps, Inequalities Hurt and Public Policy Matter. World Development, 27(3), 551-569.
UNDP. (2002). Arab Human Development Report 2002. New York: United Nations.
UNDP. (2014). Human Development Report 2014, New York: United Nations Publication.
UNDP. (2015, August 5) United Nations Development Program in the Arab States. About .Retrieved from
http://www.arabstates.undp.org/content/rbas/en/home/regioninfo.html
UNDP. (2022). Human Development Report 2022/2022. New York: United Nations
UNESCO. (2003). Literacy and Adult Education in the Arab World, Regional Report for the CONFINTEA V Mid-Term Review Conference. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/pdf/country/arab_world.pdf
Weldom, S.L. (2002). Protest, Policy, and the Problem of Violence Against Women: A Cross-National Comparison. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
The World Bank. (2004). MENA Development Report Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa Women in the Public Sphere. Washington DC: World Bank.
The World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators
The World Bank. (2022). Data. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator
World Economic Forum. (2012). The Global Gender Gap Report 2012. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Economic Forum. (2016). The Global Gender GAP Report 2016. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Population Review. (2022). Arab Countries/Arab League Countries. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries
Year 2022,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 178 - 190, 31.12.2022
Clement, M.H., Springbord, R. (2001). Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Deniz, M.H., Hobikoğlu, E.H. (2012). Economic Evaluation of Women’s Employment in the Context of Development Index According to Gender: Case of Turkey. Paper Presented at International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Retrievedfromhttp://avekon.org/papers/546.pdf
Pearson, R. (1998). Nimble Fingers’ Revisited: Reflection on Women and Third World Industrialization in the Late Twentieth Century. Cecile Jackson and Ruth Pearson eds. Feminist Visions of Development Gender Analysis and Policy. New York: Routledge.
Psacharopoulos, G.E., Tzannatos, Z.A. Female Labor Force Participation: An International Perspective. The World Bank Research Observer, 47 (2), 187-201.
Rauch, J.A., Kostyshak, S.C. (2009). The Three Arab Worlds. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23, 165-188.
Thanatos, Z.A. (1999). Women and Labor Market Changes in the Global Economy: Growth helps, Inequalities Hurt and Public Policy Matter. World Development, 27(3), 551-569.
UNDP. (2002). Arab Human Development Report 2002. New York: United Nations.
UNDP. (2014). Human Development Report 2014, New York: United Nations Publication.
UNDP. (2015, August 5) United Nations Development Program in the Arab States. About .Retrieved from
http://www.arabstates.undp.org/content/rbas/en/home/regioninfo.html
UNDP. (2022). Human Development Report 2022/2022. New York: United Nations
UNESCO. (2003). Literacy and Adult Education in the Arab World, Regional Report for the CONFINTEA V Mid-Term Review Conference. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/pdf/country/arab_world.pdf
Weldom, S.L. (2002). Protest, Policy, and the Problem of Violence Against Women: A Cross-National Comparison. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
The World Bank. (2004). MENA Development Report Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa Women in the Public Sphere. Washington DC: World Bank.
The World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators
The World Bank. (2022). Data. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator
World Economic Forum. (2012). The Global Gender Gap Report 2012. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Economic Forum. (2016). The Global Gender GAP Report 2016. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Population Review. (2022). Arab Countries/Arab League Countries. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries
Arap Devletlerinde Kadın ve İnsani Gelişme Üzerine Genel Bir Bakış
Year 2022,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 178 - 190, 31.12.2022
Geniş bir coğrafi sınırları kontrol eden Arap devletlerinde insani gelişme düzeyi açısından benzer ve farklı yönler bulunmaktadır. Arap devletlerinin ilerlemesini güvence altına almak için mali, sosyal ve kadınların güçlendirilmesi ile bilgi ve teknoloji alanlarında iyileştirmeler başlatmanın zorunlu olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Bu yazıda, Arap devletlerinde kadınların insani gelişimi incelenmektedir. Bu amaçla, kadınların toplam iş gücü içindeki yeri ve istihdamına katılım durumu ile eğitim düzeyi karşılaştırmalı bir bakış açısıyla incelenmiştir. Kadınların işgücüne katılımını insani gelişme boyutu açısından irdeleyerek, işgücüne katılımda önemli olan kültürel, ekonomik ve politik faktörlere değinilmiştir. Son bölümde ise, kadınların ekonomiye katılımı ile karar alma süreçlerine katılımı arasında insani gelişme perspektifi açısından bir ilişki olup olmadığı sorgulanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Clement, M.H., Springbord, R. (2001). Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Deniz, M.H., Hobikoğlu, E.H. (2012). Economic Evaluation of Women’s Employment in the Context of Development Index According to Gender: Case of Turkey. Paper Presented at International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Retrievedfromhttp://avekon.org/papers/546.pdf
Pearson, R. (1998). Nimble Fingers’ Revisited: Reflection on Women and Third World Industrialization in the Late Twentieth Century. Cecile Jackson and Ruth Pearson eds. Feminist Visions of Development Gender Analysis and Policy. New York: Routledge.
Psacharopoulos, G.E., Tzannatos, Z.A. Female Labor Force Participation: An International Perspective. The World Bank Research Observer, 47 (2), 187-201.
Rauch, J.A., Kostyshak, S.C. (2009). The Three Arab Worlds. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23, 165-188.
Thanatos, Z.A. (1999). Women and Labor Market Changes in the Global Economy: Growth helps, Inequalities Hurt and Public Policy Matter. World Development, 27(3), 551-569.
UNDP. (2002). Arab Human Development Report 2002. New York: United Nations.
UNDP. (2014). Human Development Report 2014, New York: United Nations Publication.
UNDP. (2015, August 5) United Nations Development Program in the Arab States. About .Retrieved from
http://www.arabstates.undp.org/content/rbas/en/home/regioninfo.html
UNDP. (2022). Human Development Report 2022/2022. New York: United Nations
UNESCO. (2003). Literacy and Adult Education in the Arab World, Regional Report for the CONFINTEA V Mid-Term Review Conference. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/pdf/country/arab_world.pdf
Weldom, S.L. (2002). Protest, Policy, and the Problem of Violence Against Women: A Cross-National Comparison. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
The World Bank. (2004). MENA Development Report Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa Women in the Public Sphere. Washington DC: World Bank.
The World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators
The World Bank. (2022). Data. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator
World Economic Forum. (2012). The Global Gender Gap Report 2012. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Economic Forum. (2016). The Global Gender GAP Report 2016. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Population Review. (2022). Arab Countries/Arab League Countries. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries
Güloğlu, T., & Aydın, K. (2022). A General Outlook on the Women and Human Development in Arab States. Econder Uluslararası Akademik Dergi, 6(2), 178-190. https://doi.org/10.35342/econder.1205493
Econder International Academic Journal is an international, peer-reviewed multidisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing scholarly articles on all aspects of Economy and Business. Available online and published two times a year, the journal aims to become one of the leading platforms in the world for new findings and discussions of all fields of Economy and Business.