Gana’nın Sosyal ve Siyasi Tarihinde Kadınların Rolü

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 141 - 162, 18.12.2017

Usman Abass Füsun Çoban Döşkaya

Abstract

1961
yılında kurulan Amerikan Barış Gönüllülerinin resmi amacı ABD’yi diğer
devletlere tanıtmak ve az gelişmiş ülkeler için işgücü sağlamaktı. Ancak bu
kurum Soğuk Savaş sırasında Sovyetler Birliği’ne karşı silahsız bir kuvvet
olarak kullanıldı. Gana, Amerikan Barış Gönüllülerinin ilk gönderildiği
ülkedir. Bunda kuşkusuz, Gana'nın Sahra altı Afrika'sında 1957'de sömürge
egemenliğinden bağımsızlığını kazanmış ilk ülke olmasının ve geleceğinin umut
verici gözükmesinin etkisi vardır. Gana Afrika’nın
önemli ülkelerinden biridir ancak cadılığa inanıldığı ve “cadı kamplarının”
olduğu bir yerde kadın olmak zordur.

 Bu çalışma, Gana'nın sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasi
tarihlerinde kadınların konumunu sömürgecilikten bugüne kültürel ve politik
değişiklikler dönemi ile incelemektedir. Ganalı kadınlar bağımsızlık öncesi ve
sonrası dönemde siyasete önemli katkıda bulunmuş ve 1950'lerden bağımsızlığa
dek ulusun milliyetçi duygularını oluşturma konusunda aktif olarak yer
almışlardır. Dördüncü Cumhuriyet, ülkenin sosyo-ekonomik kalkınmasına
kadınların katılımında bir artışa tanık olsa da, kadınların sayı ve varlıkları
düşük kalmaktadır. Çalışma, bu nedenle, kültür ve siyasi güçlerin toplumsal
cinsiyet dinamiklerinin, Gana toplumunda kadınların kimliklerini, isteklerini,
çıkarlarını ve kendi kaderlerini tayin ediş biçimlerini araştırmaktadır.  Çalışmada, ayrıca, Ganalı kadınların ulusal meselelerde
marjinalleştirici rolü ile daha sonra 1993’te eşitlik ve katılım vaadiyle
demokratik yönetime geçişin kadınların istek ve kimliklerinin seslerini
şekillendirişi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir.  

Keywords

Gana, Siyaset, Kadın

The Position of Women in the Social and Political History of Ghana

Abstract

The official aim of the US Peace Corps established in
1961 was to introduce the United States to other countries and to provide a
workforce for underdeveloped countries. However, they were used as an unarmed
force during the Cold War period against the Soviet Union. Ghana is the first
country to which United States Peace Corps, volunteers were sent. Undoubtedly,
it has got something to do with the fact that Ghana is the first country in
sub-Saharan Africa to gain independence from colonial domination in 1957, and
that its future looked promising. Ghana is one of
the important countries of Africa, but it is difficult to be a woman in a place
where the belief in witchcraft is widespread and there are “witch camps”.

This study examines the position of women in the
social, economic and political histories of Ghana, through a period of cultural
and political changes, from colonialism
to date. Ghanaian women made a significant contribution to the politics of
pre- and post-independent Ghana, and they
were actively involved in building the nation’s nationalistic sentiments from
the 1950’s through to independence. Although the Fourth Republic is witnessing an increase in women’s participation in the socio-economic development of the country,
their numbers and substance remain low. The study, thus, examines how the
gender dynamics of culture and political forces have shaped women’s identities,
ambitions, interests, and
self-determination within the Ghanaian society. Also, the study seeks the
affinity between the marginalizing role of women in national affairs, and later
how the transition to democratic governance in 1993, with a promise of equality
and inclusiveness, has shaped the voices of women’s ambitions and identities.

Keywords

Ghana, Women, Politics

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