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Balık Parazitlerinin Biyoizlemdeki (Biyomonitoring) Önemi

Year 2018, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 59 - 73, 01.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.324056

Abstract

Balık parazitlerinin sucul ekosistemde biyomonitör
ve biyoindikatör türler olarak kullanılması son yıllarda ekolojistlerin ilgisi
çekmiş ve biyoizlemdeki (biyomonitoring) öneminin artmasını sağlamıştır. Balık
parazitleri tür çeşitliliği ve bolluğu bakımından sucul ekosistemin önemli bir
parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Sucul ortamdaki çevresel değişimlere hızlı bir
şekilde tepki verdikleri için biyoizlemde indikatör tür olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Balık parazitleri konaklarının
filogenetik yapısı, populasyon biyolojisi, stokların ayrılması, göçü ve
beslenmesinde biyolojik indikatörler
olarak, konağından ve sucul ortamdakinden daha fazla ağır metali
dokusunda biriktirmesinden dolayı birikim
indikatörü
olarak ve çevresel kirlilik araştırmalarında balık parazitlerinin
biyokütle, topluluk yapısı, tür çeşitliliği, zenginliği, bolluğu üzerinde olası
değişiklikler nedeniyle etki - ekosistem indikatörleri
olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca balık
parazitleri aracılığıyla konak biyolojisi ve çevresel değişimler hakkında daha
uzun vadeli gözlem gerçekleştirilebilirken, bu gözlem diğer fiziksel ve
kimyasal gözlem metodlarını da tamamlayıcı niteliktedir.

References

  • 1. Barker, D. E., Khan, R. A., & Hooper, R. (1994). Bioindicators of stress in winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, captured adjacent to a pulp and paper mill in St. George's Bay, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51, 2203-2209.
  • 2. Beeby, A. (2001). What do sentinels stand for? Environmental pollution, 112, 285-298.
  • 3. Bergey, L., Weis, J. S. & Weis, P. (2002). Mercury uptake by the estuarine species Palaemonetes pugio and Fundulus heteroclitus compared with their parasites, Probopyrus pandalicola and Eustrongylides sp. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44, 1046–1050.
  • 4. Billiard, S. M., & Khan, R. A. (2003). Chronic stress in cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, exposed to municipal and industrial effluents. Ecotoxicoloy and Environmental Safety, 55, 9-18.
  • 5. Dusek, L. M., Gelnar M., & Sebelova, S. (1998). Biodiversity of parasites in a freshwater environment with respect to pollution: metazoan parasites of chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) as a model for statistical evaluation. International Journal for Parasitology, 28(10), 1555–1571.
  • 6. Galli, P., Crosa, G., & Occhipinti Ambrogi, A. (1998). Heavy metals concentrations in Acanthocephalans parasites compared to their fish host. Chemosphere, 37(14-15), 2983-2988.
  • 7. Galli, P., Crosa, G., Mariniello, L., Ortis, M., & D'Amelio, S. (2001). Water quality as a determinant of the composition of fish parasite communities. Hydrobiologia, 452, 173-179.
  • 8. Gelnar, M., Sebelová, S., Dusek, L., Koubková, B., Jurajda, P., & Zahrádková S. (1997). Biodiversity of parasites in freshwater environment in relation to pollution. Parasitology, 39,189–199.
  • 9. Genç, E., Sangun, M. K., Dural, M., Can, M. F. & Altunhan, C. (2008). Element concentrations in the swimbladder parasite Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda) and its host the European eel, Anguilla anguilla from Asi River (Hatay-Turkey). Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 141, 59-65. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9878-9
  • 10. Hudson, P. J., Dobson, A. P., & Lafferty, K. D. (2006). Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21(7), 381-385. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.04.007
  • 11. Koskivaara, M., Valtonen, E. T., & Prost, M. (1991) Dactylogyrids on the gills of roach in Central Finland: features of infection and species composition. International Journal for Parasitology, 21(5), 565–572.
  • 12. Jeney, Z., Valtonen, E. T., Jeney, G., & Jokinen, E. I. (2002). Effect of pulp and paper mill effluent (BKME) on physiological parameters of roach (Rutilus rutilus) infected by the digenean Rhipidocotyle fennica. Folia Parasitologica, 49, 103-108.
  • 13. Kim, J. H., Lee, C. H., & Lee, C. S. (2007). Preliminary studies of metazoan parasites of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in Korea. North Pasific Anadromous Fish Commision Bulletin, 4, 155-157.
  • 14. Khan, R. A. (1998). Fish Parasites as indicators of environmental stress. Parasitology Internutional, 47 (Suppl.)-2348.
  • 15. Khan, R. A. & Thulin, J. (1991). Influence of pollution on parasites of aquatic animals. Parasitology, 30, 201– 238.
  • 16. Khan, R. A. & Payne, J. F. (1997). A multidisciplinary approach using several biomarkers including a parasite, as indicators of pollution: a case history from a paper mill in Newfoundland. Parassitologia, 39, 183-188.
  • 17. Khan, R A,. Barker, D .E, Williams-Ryan, K., & Hooper, R. G. (1994). Influence of crude oil and pulp and paper mill effluent on mixed infections of Trichodina cottidarium and T. saintjohnsi (Ciliophora) parasitizing Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus and M. Scorpius. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72(2), 247-251.
  • 18. Kvach, Y. U. V. (2001). Ligula invasion of monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis) in some estuaries of north western Black Sea region. Vestnik Zoologii, 35, 85–88.
  • 19. Lafferty, K. D. 1997. Environmental parasitology: What can parasites tell us about human impacts on the environment. Parasitology Today, 13(7), 251-255.
  • 20. Lefevre, T., Lebarbenchon, C., Gauthier-Clerc, M., Misse, D., Poulin, R., & Thomas, F. (2008). The ecological significance of manipulative parasites. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24(1), 41-48. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.08.007
  • 21. MacKenzie, K., Williams, H. H., Williams, B., McVicar A.H., & Siddall, R. (1995). Parasites as indicators of water quality and the potential use of helminth transmission in marine pollution studies. Advance in Parasitology, 35, 85–114
  • 22. Margolis, L. (1982). Pacific salmon and their parasites. A century of study. The Bulletin of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, 13, 7-11.
  • 23. Marcogliese, D. J. (2002). Food webs and the transmission of parasites to marine fish. Parasitology, 124, S83-S99.
  • 24. Marcogliese, D. J. (2003). Food webs and biodiversity: are parasites the missing link?. Journal of Parasitology, 89, S106-S113.
  • 25. Marcogliese, D. J. (2004). Parasites: small players with crucial roles in the ecological theatre. EcoHealth, 1, 151-164.
  • 26. Marcogliese, D. J. (2005). Parasites of the superorganism: Are they indicators of ecosystem health? International Journal for Parasitology, 35, 705–716.
  • 27. Marcogliese, D. J., Nagler, J. J. & Cyr, D. G. (1998). Effects of exposure to contaminated sediments on the parasite fauna of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 61, 88–95.
  • 28. Moles, A. & Wade, T. L. (2001). Parasitism and phagocytic function among sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas exposed to crude oil-laden sediments. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 66, 528–535.
  • 29. Nachev, M. (2010). Bioindication capacity of fish parasites for the assessment of water quality in the Danube River. Erlangung des Doktorgrades, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Sofia, 122.
  • 30. Ondračková, M. (2016). Gyrodactylus proterorhini in its non-native range: distribution and ability to host-switch in freshwaters. Parasitology Research, 115, 3153–3162. doi:10.1007/s00436-016-5073-7
  • 31. Palm, H. V. (2011). Fish Parasites as biological indicators in a changing world: Can we monitor environmental impact and climate change? Progress in Parasitology, Parasitology Research Monographs 2, pp. 223-250. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21396-0_12.
  • 32. Phillips, D. J. H., & Rainbow, P. S. (1993). Biomonitoring of trace aquatic contaminants. London, 1-6.
  • 33. Poulin, R. (1992). Toxic pollution and parasitism in freshwater fish. Parasitology Today, 8(2), 58-61.
  • 34. Rosenberg, D.M. & Resh, H. (1993). Introduction to Freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. Chapman and Hall, New York. 488pp.
  • 35. Sasal, P., Mouillot, D., Fichez, R. Chifflet, S., & Kulbicki, M. (2007). The use of fish parasites as biological indicators of anthroponecic influences in coral-reef lagoons: A case study of Apogonidae parasites in New-Caledonia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54, 1697-1706. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.06.014
  • 36. Siddal, R., Koskivaara, M., & Valtonen, E. T. (1997). Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) infections on the gills of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) experimentally exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent. Parasitology, 114(5), 439-446.
  • 37. Sures, B. (2001). The use of fish parasites as bioindicators of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems: a review. Aquatic Ecology 35, 245–255.
  • 38. Sures, B. (2003). Accumulation of heavy metals by intestinal helminths in fish: an overview and perspective. Parasitology, 126, 53–60.
  • 39. Sures, B. (2004). Environmental parasitology: relevancy of parasites in monitoring environmental pollution. Trends in Parasitology, 20, 170–177.
  • 40. Sures, B., & Taraschewski, H. (1995) Cadmium concentrations of two adult acanthocephalans (Pomphorhynchus laevis, Acanthocephalus lucii) compared to their fish hosts and cadmium and lead levels in larvae of A. lucii compared to their crustacean host. Parasitol Res, 81, 494–497.
  • 41. Sures B., & Siddall, R. (1999). Pomphorhynchus laevis: the intestinal Acanthocephalan as a lead sink for its fish host, chub (Leuciscus cephalus). Experimental Parasitology, 93, 66–72.
  • 42. Sures, B., Taraschewski, H., & Jackwerth, E. (1994a) Lead accumulation in Pomphorhynchus Laevis and its host. J. Parasitol, 80, 355–357.
  • 43. Sures, B., Taraschewski, H., & Jackwerth, E. (1994b) Lead content of Paratenuisentis ambiguus (Acanthocephala), Anguillicola crassus (Nematodes) and their host Anguilla anguilla. Dis. Aquat. Org., 19, 105–107.
  • 44. Sures, B., Taraschewski, H., & Jackwerth, E. (1994c) Comparative study of lead accumulation in different organs of perch (Perca fluviatilis) and in its intestinal parasite Acanthocephalus lucii. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 52, 269–273
  • 45. Sures, B., Taraschewski, H., & Siddall, R. (1997a). Heavy metal concentrations in adult acanthocephalans and cestodes compared to their fish hosts and to established free-living bioindicators. Parassitologia, 39, 213–218.
  • 46. Sures, B., Taraschewski, H., & Rokicki, J. (1997b). Lead and cadmium content of two cestodes Monobothrium wageneri, and Bothriocephalus scorpii, and their fish hosts. Parasitol Res, 83, 618–623.
  • 47. Sures, B., Siddall, R., & Taraschewski, H. (1999). Parasites as accumulation indicators of heavy metal pollution. Parasitol Today, 15, 16–21.
  • 48. Sures, B., Lutz, I., & Kloas, W. (2006). Effects of infection with Anguillicola crassus and simultaneous exposure with Cd and 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) on the levels of cortisol and glucose in European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Parasitology, 132, 281–288. doi:10.1017/S0031182005009017
  • 49. Tekin-Özan, S., & Kır, İ. (2005). Comparative study on the accumulation of heavy metals in different organs of tench (Tinca tinca L. 1758) and plerocercoids of its endoparasite Ligula intestinalis. Parasitol Res, 97, 156–159. doi:10.1007/s00436-005-1412-9
  • 50. Thulin, J., Höglund, J., & Lindesjöö, E. (1988). Diseases and parasites of fish in bleached Kraft mill effluent. Wet. Sci. Tech., 20(2), 179-180.
  • 51. Vidal-Martinez, V. M., Pech, D., Sures, B., Prucker, S. T., & Poulin, R. (2009). Can parasites really reveal environmental impact? Trends in Parasitology, 26(1), 44-51. doi :10.1016/j.pt.2009.11.001
  • 52. Washington, H.G. (1984). Diversity, biotic and similarity indices. A review with special reference to aquatic ecosystems. Water Research, 18, 653-694.
  • 53. Williams, H. H., MacKenzie, K., & MacCarthy, A. M. (1992). Parasites as biological indicators of the population biology, migration, diet and phylogenetics of fish. Fish Biology, 2, 144-176.

The Importance of Fish Parasites in Biomonitoring

Year 2018, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 59 - 73, 01.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.324056

Abstract

The use of fish parasites as a biomonitor and
bioindicator species in the aquatic ecosystem has attracted ecologists'
interest in recent years and has provided an increase of their importance in
biomonitoring. Fish parasites are an important part of the aquatic ecosystem in
terms of species diversity and abundance. They are used as indicator species in
biomonitoring, because they are quickly respond to environmental changes in the
aquatic environment. Fish parasites are used indicators which, as biological indicators
due to information about the phylogenetic structure of hosts, population
biology, stock removal, migration and feeding; as accumulation indicators due
to they can accumulate more heavy metals than in the aquatic environment; and
as effect ecosystem indicators due to possible changes in biomass, community
structure, species diversity, richness, abundance of fish parasites in
environmental pollution surveys. It can also complement other physical and
chemical monitoring methods, while longer-term monitoring can be made about
host biology and environmental changes via fish parasites.

References

  • 1. Barker, D. E., Khan, R. A., & Hooper, R. (1994). Bioindicators of stress in winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, captured adjacent to a pulp and paper mill in St. George's Bay, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51, 2203-2209.
  • 2. Beeby, A. (2001). What do sentinels stand for? Environmental pollution, 112, 285-298.
  • 3. Bergey, L., Weis, J. S. & Weis, P. (2002). Mercury uptake by the estuarine species Palaemonetes pugio and Fundulus heteroclitus compared with their parasites, Probopyrus pandalicola and Eustrongylides sp. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44, 1046–1050.
  • 4. Billiard, S. M., & Khan, R. A. (2003). Chronic stress in cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, exposed to municipal and industrial effluents. Ecotoxicoloy and Environmental Safety, 55, 9-18.
  • 5. Dusek, L. M., Gelnar M., & Sebelova, S. (1998). Biodiversity of parasites in a freshwater environment with respect to pollution: metazoan parasites of chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) as a model for statistical evaluation. International Journal for Parasitology, 28(10), 1555–1571.
  • 6. Galli, P., Crosa, G., & Occhipinti Ambrogi, A. (1998). Heavy metals concentrations in Acanthocephalans parasites compared to their fish host. Chemosphere, 37(14-15), 2983-2988.
  • 7. Galli, P., Crosa, G., Mariniello, L., Ortis, M., & D'Amelio, S. (2001). Water quality as a determinant of the composition of fish parasite communities. Hydrobiologia, 452, 173-179.
  • 8. Gelnar, M., Sebelová, S., Dusek, L., Koubková, B., Jurajda, P., & Zahrádková S. (1997). Biodiversity of parasites in freshwater environment in relation to pollution. Parasitology, 39,189–199.
  • 9. Genç, E., Sangun, M. K., Dural, M., Can, M. F. & Altunhan, C. (2008). Element concentrations in the swimbladder parasite Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda) and its host the European eel, Anguilla anguilla from Asi River (Hatay-Turkey). Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 141, 59-65. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9878-9
  • 10. Hudson, P. J., Dobson, A. P., & Lafferty, K. D. (2006). Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21(7), 381-385. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.04.007
  • 11. Koskivaara, M., Valtonen, E. T., & Prost, M. (1991) Dactylogyrids on the gills of roach in Central Finland: features of infection and species composition. International Journal for Parasitology, 21(5), 565–572.
  • 12. Jeney, Z., Valtonen, E. T., Jeney, G., & Jokinen, E. I. (2002). Effect of pulp and paper mill effluent (BKME) on physiological parameters of roach (Rutilus rutilus) infected by the digenean Rhipidocotyle fennica. Folia Parasitologica, 49, 103-108.
  • 13. Kim, J. H., Lee, C. H., & Lee, C. S. (2007). Preliminary studies of metazoan parasites of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in Korea. North Pasific Anadromous Fish Commision Bulletin, 4, 155-157.
  • 14. Khan, R. A. (1998). Fish Parasites as indicators of environmental stress. Parasitology Internutional, 47 (Suppl.)-2348.
  • 15. Khan, R. A. & Thulin, J. (1991). Influence of pollution on parasites of aquatic animals. Parasitology, 30, 201– 238.
  • 16. Khan, R. A. & Payne, J. F. (1997). A multidisciplinary approach using several biomarkers including a parasite, as indicators of pollution: a case history from a paper mill in Newfoundland. Parassitologia, 39, 183-188.
  • 17. Khan, R A,. Barker, D .E, Williams-Ryan, K., & Hooper, R. G. (1994). Influence of crude oil and pulp and paper mill effluent on mixed infections of Trichodina cottidarium and T. saintjohnsi (Ciliophora) parasitizing Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus and M. Scorpius. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72(2), 247-251.
  • 18. Kvach, Y. U. V. (2001). Ligula invasion of monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis) in some estuaries of north western Black Sea region. Vestnik Zoologii, 35, 85–88.
  • 19. Lafferty, K. D. 1997. Environmental parasitology: What can parasites tell us about human impacts on the environment. Parasitology Today, 13(7), 251-255.
  • 20. Lefevre, T., Lebarbenchon, C., Gauthier-Clerc, M., Misse, D., Poulin, R., & Thomas, F. (2008). The ecological significance of manipulative parasites. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24(1), 41-48. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.08.007
  • 21. MacKenzie, K., Williams, H. H., Williams, B., McVicar A.H., & Siddall, R. (1995). Parasites as indicators of water quality and the potential use of helminth transmission in marine pollution studies. Advance in Parasitology, 35, 85–114
  • 22. Margolis, L. (1982). Pacific salmon and their parasites. A century of study. The Bulletin of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, 13, 7-11.
  • 23. Marcogliese, D. J. (2002). Food webs and the transmission of parasites to marine fish. Parasitology, 124, S83-S99.
  • 24. Marcogliese, D. J. (2003). Food webs and biodiversity: are parasites the missing link?. Journal of Parasitology, 89, S106-S113.
  • 25. Marcogliese, D. J. (2004). Parasites: small players with crucial roles in the ecological theatre. EcoHealth, 1, 151-164.
  • 26. Marcogliese, D. J. (2005). Parasites of the superorganism: Are they indicators of ecosystem health? International Journal for Parasitology, 35, 705–716.
  • 27. Marcogliese, D. J., Nagler, J. J. & Cyr, D. G. (1998). Effects of exposure to contaminated sediments on the parasite fauna of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 61, 88–95.
  • 28. Moles, A. & Wade, T. L. (2001). Parasitism and phagocytic function among sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas exposed to crude oil-laden sediments. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 66, 528–535.
  • 29. Nachev, M. (2010). Bioindication capacity of fish parasites for the assessment of water quality in the Danube River. Erlangung des Doktorgrades, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Sofia, 122.
  • 30. Ondračková, M. (2016). Gyrodactylus proterorhini in its non-native range: distribution and ability to host-switch in freshwaters. Parasitology Research, 115, 3153–3162. doi:10.1007/s00436-016-5073-7
  • 31. Palm, H. V. (2011). Fish Parasites as biological indicators in a changing world: Can we monitor environmental impact and climate change? Progress in Parasitology, Parasitology Research Monographs 2, pp. 223-250. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21396-0_12.
  • 32. Phillips, D. J. H., & Rainbow, P. S. (1993). Biomonitoring of trace aquatic contaminants. London, 1-6.
  • 33. Poulin, R. (1992). Toxic pollution and parasitism in freshwater fish. Parasitology Today, 8(2), 58-61.
  • 34. Rosenberg, D.M. & Resh, H. (1993). Introduction to Freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. Chapman and Hall, New York. 488pp.
  • 35. Sasal, P., Mouillot, D., Fichez, R. Chifflet, S., & Kulbicki, M. (2007). The use of fish parasites as biological indicators of anthroponecic influences in coral-reef lagoons: A case study of Apogonidae parasites in New-Caledonia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54, 1697-1706. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.06.014
  • 36. Siddal, R., Koskivaara, M., & Valtonen, E. T. (1997). Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) infections on the gills of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) experimentally exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent. Parasitology, 114(5), 439-446.
  • 37. Sures, B. (2001). The use of fish parasites as bioindicators of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems: a review. Aquatic Ecology 35, 245–255.
  • 38. Sures, B. (2003). Accumulation of heavy metals by intestinal helminths in fish: an overview and perspective. Parasitology, 126, 53–60.
  • 39. Sures, B. (2004). Environmental parasitology: relevancy of parasites in monitoring environmental pollution. Trends in Parasitology, 20, 170–177.
  • 40. Sures, B., & Taraschewski, H. (1995) Cadmium concentrations of two adult acanthocephalans (Pomphorhynchus laevis, Acanthocephalus lucii) compared to their fish hosts and cadmium and lead levels in larvae of A. lucii compared to their crustacean host. Parasitol Res, 81, 494–497.
  • 41. Sures B., & Siddall, R. (1999). Pomphorhynchus laevis: the intestinal Acanthocephalan as a lead sink for its fish host, chub (Leuciscus cephalus). Experimental Parasitology, 93, 66–72.
  • 42. Sures, B., Taraschewski, H., & Jackwerth, E. (1994a) Lead accumulation in Pomphorhynchus Laevis and its host. J. Parasitol, 80, 355–357.
  • 43. Sures, B., Taraschewski, H., & Jackwerth, E. (1994b) Lead content of Paratenuisentis ambiguus (Acanthocephala), Anguillicola crassus (Nematodes) and their host Anguilla anguilla. Dis. Aquat. Org., 19, 105–107.
  • 44. Sures, B., Taraschewski, H., & Jackwerth, E. (1994c) Comparative study of lead accumulation in different organs of perch (Perca fluviatilis) and in its intestinal parasite Acanthocephalus lucii. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 52, 269–273
  • 45. Sures, B., Taraschewski, H., & Siddall, R. (1997a). Heavy metal concentrations in adult acanthocephalans and cestodes compared to their fish hosts and to established free-living bioindicators. Parassitologia, 39, 213–218.
  • 46. Sures, B., Taraschewski, H., & Rokicki, J. (1997b). Lead and cadmium content of two cestodes Monobothrium wageneri, and Bothriocephalus scorpii, and their fish hosts. Parasitol Res, 83, 618–623.
  • 47. Sures, B., Siddall, R., & Taraschewski, H. (1999). Parasites as accumulation indicators of heavy metal pollution. Parasitol Today, 15, 16–21.
  • 48. Sures, B., Lutz, I., & Kloas, W. (2006). Effects of infection with Anguillicola crassus and simultaneous exposure with Cd and 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) on the levels of cortisol and glucose in European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Parasitology, 132, 281–288. doi:10.1017/S0031182005009017
  • 49. Tekin-Özan, S., & Kır, İ. (2005). Comparative study on the accumulation of heavy metals in different organs of tench (Tinca tinca L. 1758) and plerocercoids of its endoparasite Ligula intestinalis. Parasitol Res, 97, 156–159. doi:10.1007/s00436-005-1412-9
  • 50. Thulin, J., Höglund, J., & Lindesjöö, E. (1988). Diseases and parasites of fish in bleached Kraft mill effluent. Wet. Sci. Tech., 20(2), 179-180.
  • 51. Vidal-Martinez, V. M., Pech, D., Sures, B., Prucker, S. T., & Poulin, R. (2009). Can parasites really reveal environmental impact? Trends in Parasitology, 26(1), 44-51. doi :10.1016/j.pt.2009.11.001
  • 52. Washington, H.G. (1984). Diversity, biotic and similarity indices. A review with special reference to aquatic ecosystems. Water Research, 18, 653-694.
  • 53. Williams, H. H., MacKenzie, K., & MacCarthy, A. M. (1992). Parasites as biological indicators of the population biology, migration, diet and phylogenetics of fish. Fish Biology, 2, 144-176.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Derleme
Authors

Arzu Güven This is me

Türkay Öztürk

Publication Date April 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Güven, A., & Öztürk, T. (2018). Balık Parazitlerinin Biyoizlemdeki (Biyomonitoring) Önemi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.324056
AMA Güven A, Öztürk T. Balık Parazitlerinin Biyoizlemdeki (Biyomonitoring) Önemi. JEFF. March 2018;14(1):59-73. doi:10.22392/egirdir.324056
Chicago Güven, Arzu, and Türkay Öztürk. “Balık Parazitlerinin Biyoizlemdeki (Biyomonitoring) Önemi”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 14, no. 1 (March 2018): 59-73. https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.324056.
EndNote Güven A, Öztürk T (March 1, 2018) Balık Parazitlerinin Biyoizlemdeki (Biyomonitoring) Önemi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 14 1 59–73.
IEEE A. Güven and T. Öztürk, “Balık Parazitlerinin Biyoizlemdeki (Biyomonitoring) Önemi”, JEFF, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 59–73, 2018, doi: 10.22392/egirdir.324056.
ISNAD Güven, Arzu - Öztürk, Türkay. “Balık Parazitlerinin Biyoizlemdeki (Biyomonitoring) Önemi”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 14/1 (March 2018), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.324056.
JAMA Güven A, Öztürk T. Balık Parazitlerinin Biyoizlemdeki (Biyomonitoring) Önemi. JEFF. 2018;14:59–73.
MLA Güven, Arzu and Türkay Öztürk. “Balık Parazitlerinin Biyoizlemdeki (Biyomonitoring) Önemi”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 1, 2018, pp. 59-73, doi:10.22392/egirdir.324056.
Vancouver Güven A, Öztürk T. Balık Parazitlerinin Biyoizlemdeki (Biyomonitoring) Önemi. JEFF. 2018;14(1):59-73.