The Causes of English Spelling Errors by Arabic Learners of English

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 1 - 22, 25.09.2017

Robert Joel Deacon

https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.460951

Cited By: 3

Abstract

This study investigates the possible cause(s) of English spelling errors by Arabic learners of English
(ALEs). Studies show that ALEs make significantly more English spelling errors than other English
second-language learner groups. Studies also show ALEs make more errors with vowels. The omission of
short vowels in Arabic writing has been proposed to cause vowel blindness in English, resulting in the
poorer spelling performance. This study evaluates this claim by comparing the distribution of short and
long-vowel errors and vowel and consonant error types from handwritten texts by ALEs. While this study
found more vowel than consonant errors, only the distribution of vowel graph-choice and insertion errors
significantly differed from the number of consonant errors by subcategory. Graph-choice errors, not
omission errors, were exceedingly the most common error type. Vowel length was not significantly
associated with either vowel omission or graph-choice as expected under the vowel blindness hypothesis.
The results, thus, did not indicate a missing vowel orthographic transfer effect as the primary reason for
ALE orthographic production difficulty in English. Instead, this paper proposes an underdeveloped
lexical-orthographic-representation hypothesis to account for both the degree and range of errors found.
This study also found that low and high proficiency groups only significantly differed in consonant graph-
choice and silent-graph error categories, with the advanced group performing better. These results
suggest that ALE spelling skills are not markedly improving with the advancement of other writing
skills and that ALEs may need explicit spelling instruction, especially to connect vowel phonemes with
multiple graphemes. 

Keywords

Arabic ESL, orthographic competence, orthographic transfer, spelling, vowel blindness

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