Tissue Culture Applications in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 88 - 95, 30.11.2017

Şule Sarıçam K. Yaprak Kantoğlu Ş. Şebnem Ellialtıoğlu

Abstract

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a major fresh
leafy vegetable and belongs to the Asteraceae
family (Compositae). The focus of modern lettuce breeding objectives is to
improve horticultural characteristics such as quality, resistance to early
bolting and breeding for resistance to pests and diseases. These
characteristics may be improved using biotechnology and gene transfer
strategies. Tissue culture methods have proved successful in rescuing selected lettuce
genotypes and producing seeds in a disease-free environment. And also overcome
the limitations of in vivo techniques
by shortening period of breeding programmes. The genetic engineering of lettuce
requires a reliable and efficient tissue culture methods. Among these methods
haploidization is of great interest for producing pure lines. Shoot
organogenesis may aid the use of genetic engineering to improve important
characteristics of lettuce. Embryo
rescue is an important application for transfering the resistance to downy
mildew, LMV, and beet western yellows virus from L. virosa and L.
saligna into cultivated lettuce. Somatic hybridization via protoplast
fusion has also been used to gain access to exotic, sexually incompatible
germplasm. Propagation from axillary and apical buds of lettuce plants can also
be routinely carried out. If
propagation through tissue culture can be done efficiently on a large scale, it
may be used to produce F₁ hybrid plants and fix the hybrid vigour.
Somaclonal variation provides another source of genetic variability.
Regeneration via Somatic embryogenesis has advantages for lettuces.

 

Keywords

Lettuce, Somatic embryogenesis, Haploidization, Shoot organogenesis, Somaclonal variation, Somatic hybridization

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