A New Approach in Management Against Plant Fungal Disease: Host Induced Gene Silencing

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 20 - 29, 30.08.2017

Ozden Salman Nuh Boyraz

Abstract

Plant pathogenic fungi may cause
crop losses that affect the world economy. Although one of the most effective
ways to combat plant pathogens is a chemical control, alternative methods have
become necessity as a result of environmental pollution and residue problems
caused by pesticides used in agriculture. The mechanism of RNA interference
(RNAi) has been developed to completely prevent or decrease the production of
protein which is an expression of a specific gene. Due to the degeneracy of
mRNA chain which is complementary of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) entered into
cells is prevented the production of protein. 
RNA silencing is very important for many organisms and microorganisms. This natural phenomenon can be
exploited to control agronomically relevant plant diseases, based on the
demonstration that in vitro feeding of dsRNA can signal Post
transcriptional gene silencing (one of the RNA silencing methods) of target
genes in various plant pests and pathogens, such as insects, nematodes and
fungi.  In other words, as well as determining a
function of specific gene and developing of new plant various, RNA silencing
was also begun to use for developing resistant plant varieties against biotic
and abiotic factors by the suppression of gene expression. This biotechnological method, termed host-induced gene
silencing (HIGS), has emerged as a promising alternative in plant protection
because it combines high selectivity for the target organism with minimal side
effects, as compared with chemical treatments. In recent years, the significant developments
related to the use of HIGS in management against plant pathogenic fungi (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, Blumeria graminis, Fusarium
verticillioides etc.) was obtained. In this review, it is mentioned from
the mechanism of HIGS and studies related to the use against plant pathogenic
fungi.

Keywords

dsRNA, HIGS, mRNA, PTGS, fungi, pathogen.

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