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Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 84 - 98, 29.10.2019

Abstract

References

  • Aanuoluwapo, B. (2018). Fulani Herdsmen attack farmers in Oyo State. Retrieved in www.nigerianmonitor.com/breaking-fulani-herdsmen-attack-farmer-in-oyo-state/. 17/03/2018.
  • Abbass I.M. (2012). ‘No retreat no surrender conflict for survival between Fulani pastoralists and farmers in Northern Nigeria’, European Scientific Journal, vol. 8 no.1, pp. 331-346.
  • Achumba, I.C, Ighomereho, l., and Akpor-Robaro, M.O. (2013). ‘Security, Challenges in Nigeria and the Implication for Business Activities and Sustainable Development’ Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 56-70.
  • Adekunle, R. (2018). Suspected Herdsmen Strike in Ekiti State, kill Pregnant Woman, vanguard Friday, January 18, 2018, pp. 12. Accessed in https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/suspected-herdsmen-strike-ekiti-kill-pregnant-woman/.
  • Adisa, R.S. and Adekunle, O.A. (2010). ‘Farmer-herdsmen conflicts: A factor analysis of socio economic conflict variables among arable crop farmers’, Journal of Human Ecology, vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 23-45.
  • Adisa, R.S. (2012). Land Use Conflict between Farmers and Herdsmen – Implications for Agricultural and Rural Development in Nigeria, paper presented in Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria.
  • Akingboye, O. (2018). Workers flee as Herdsmen storm Akure Council Secretariat, Guardian Nigerian Newspaper, 13 February, 2018, pp. 9. Retrieved in https://m.guardian.ng/news/workers-flee-as-herdsmen-storm-akure-council-secretariat/
  • Alabi, T. (2018). Fulani Herdsmen Attack Olu Falae Farm in Ondo State. Retrieved in https://www.informationng.com/2018/01/fulani-herdsmen--attack-olu-falae--ondo-state.html. 17/03/2018.
  • Albert, I. O (ed) (2005). Perspectives on Peace and Conflicts in Africa: Essay in Honor of General (Dr) Abdulsalami A. Abubakar. Ibadan: John Archers.
  • Alli, W.O. (2010). The Changing Environment of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy, in Osita, C.E (ed). “Beyond 50 years of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy: Issues, Challenges and prospects”. Lagos: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.
  • Ani, E. (2016).Fulani Herdsmen Kill Villager in Ekiti. Daily Post, May 21, 2018, pp.13. dailypost.ng/2018/05/21/Fulani-herdsmen-kill-villager-in-ekiti-photos/.
  • Azarya, V. (1996). Pastoralism and the State in Africa: Marginality or Incorporation. Nomadic Peoples. vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 11-36.
  • Baylis, J. and Smith, S. (2005). Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • British Broadcasting Corporation (2017). Why we Attack Benue People: Fulani Herdsmen. Accessed in https://www.bbc.com/pidgin-tori-42555276. Retrieved 16/3/2018.
  • Buari, J. (2017). Fulani Herdsmen kill scores in attack on Taraba Villages, accessed in https://www.naija.ng/795995-fulani-herdsmen-kill-44-taraba-buharis-government-finally-reacts-html. 16/3/2018.
  • Burton, K. (2016). Background Report: The Fulani Herdsmen. CYMA Project, pp. 1-18.
  • Cohen, A. (1971). Politics of the Kola Nut Trade in Melson, R. and Wolpe, H. (eds.). Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
  • Dimelu M. U., Salifu D. E., Enwelu A. I. and Igbokwe E. M. (2017). Challenges of herdsmen farmers’ conflict in livestock production in Nigeria: Experience of pastoralists in Kogi State, Nigeria, African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 642-650.
  • Durojaiye R. (2014). Challenge of Fulani Herdsmen, Editorial, Daily Independence, July 8, pp 15-16.
  • Fasona, M. and Omojola, A. (2005). Climate Change, Human Security and Communal Clashes in Nigeria. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Human Security and Climate change, Holmen Fjord Hotel, Oslo October 21-23.
  • Fricke, W. (1993). Cattle husbandry in Nigeria: a Case Study of its Ecological Conditions and social-Geographical Differentiations, Enugu: Ikot-Ekpene.
  • Gbaka E (2014). Managing conflict between farmers and pastoralist in Benue State, Nigeria. Peace Trend vol. 2, series 3, pp. 1-3.
  • Global Terrorism Index (2016). Nigeria Terrorism Index, Retrieved in htpps://tradingeconomics.com/Nigeria/terrorism-index/ Accessed on 21/7/2018.
  • Gurr, R. (ed), (1989). Handbook of Political Conflict: Theory and Research, New York: Free Press.
  • Igata, F. (2016).Fulani Herdsmen invade Enugu Community, kill Catholic Seminarian. Vanguard Newspaper, Thursday, August 25, 2106, pp. 2.
  • Iro, I. (1994). The Fulani Herding System. Washington: African Development Foundation.
  • Iro, I. (2000). Should Pastoral Fulani be Sedenterized? A Literature Review and Theoretical Framework on Policy Issues in the Socioeconomic Transformation of the Pastoral Fulani of Nigeria. Retrieved from HYPERLINK mailto:webmaster@gamji.com webmaster@gamji.com.
  • Iro, I. (2004). Nomadic Education and Education for Nomadic Fulani’s. Washington DC, USA.
  • Iwu, H. (2015). Traditional Mechanism in Conflict Resolution in Igboland, Nigeria, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Isyaku, A. (2013). Terrorism: A New Challenge to Nigeria’s Stability in the 21st Century, International Affairs and Global Strategy, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 16-23.
  • Johari, J.C. (2015). Contemporary Political Theory: New Dimensions, Basic Concepts and Major Trends. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
  • McGregor, A. (2014). Alleged Connection between Boko Haram and Nigeria’s Fulani Herdsmen could Spark a Nigerian Civil War. Terrorism Monitor, vol. 12, no. 10, 8-10.
  • Miall, H.; Ramsbotham, O. and Woodhouse, T. (1999). Contemporary Conflict Resolution, Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Mohammed, L. (2018). Farmers/Herders’ Clashes triggered by Environmental, not Ethnic/Religious Issues, vanguard Newspaper, March 10, 15-16, Available at https://wwww.vanguardngr.com/2018/3/953761.
  • Nte, T.U. (2016). Fulani Herdsmen and Communal Conflicts: Climate Change as Precipitator, Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 26-34.
  • Nwodo, A. (2017). Tensions in Enugu as Herdsmen attack Community. Retrieved 16/3/2018 in https://www.naija.ng/809719-tension-500-fulani-hersmen-planning--fresh-attack-enugu-.html.
  • Obi, C.K. (2015). Challenges of Insecurity and Terrorism in Nigeria: Implication for National Development, International Journal of Sustainable Development. Available at http:llwww.ssrn.com/link/OIDA- Intl-Journal-Sustainable-Dev.html.
  • Odogun, G. (2018). Suspected Herdsmen Kill traditional Ruler, Wife and Nine others in Kogi State. Punch Newspaper, Monday, March 19, 2018, pp.12. or accessed on punchng.com/breaking-suspected-herdsmen-kill-traditional-ruler-wife-and-nine-others-in-kogi/
  • Okogba, E. (2018 a). Again Herdsmen attack Ogun Communities, sack 30 Schools, Vanguard Newspaper, Monday, February 5, 2018, pp.15.Retrieved, accessed on 16/3/2018 in https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/2/herdsmen-attack-ogun-communities-sack-30-schools/.
  • Okogba, E. (2018 b). Fulani Herdsmen stabs NURTW member to Death in Ondo, In Vanguard Newspaper, Thursday, January 30, 2018 pp. 24. Accessed on 17/03/2018, retrieved in https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/fulani-herdsmen-stabs-nurtw-member-death-ondo/.
  • Okwor, D. (2016). The Political Economy of the Conflict between The Farmers and Fulani Herdsmen in the Contemporary era of Climate Change in Nigeria, An Unpublished Researcher Paper Presented for Award of Master of Arts in International Institute of Social Studies.
  • Omitola, B. (2014). Between Boko Haram and Fulani Herdsmen: Organised Crime and Insecurity in Nigeria, A Paper Presented at the 5th Institute of Security Studies Conference on Crime and Crime Reduction, 14 and 15 August, 2014, Sandston, South Africa.
  • Onuoha, A. (2012). A Danger Not to Nigeria Alone, 4; J. Peter Pham, “Boko Haram’s Evolving Threat,” Africa Security Brief, 2012, http://africacenter.org/2012/04/boko-harams- evolving-threat/ (Accessed on March 25, 2018).
  • Rabiu Kwakwaso (2018). I’m contesting because of herdsmen killings. Punch Newspaper, Wednesday, 14 February, 2018, pp. 23.
  • Reese, S. (2013). Defining Homeland Security: Analysis and Congressional Considerations, Congressional Research Service, pp. 1-18, accessed in www.crs.gov. Accessed on 12/3/2018.
  • Sutherland E. H. and Cressy, D.R. (1978). Criminology: Sociological Theories. London: Sages Publications.
  • Soyinka, W. (2018). Herdsmen attacks in Osun, Ondo as Soyinka says Buhari is in a Trance, Vanguard Newspaper, Wednesday, February 14, 2018, pp. 1.
  • Tenuche, M.S. and Ifatimehin, O.O. (2009). Resource conflict among farmers and Fulani herdsmen: Implications for resource sustainability, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 3 (9), pp. 360-364.
  • Wallace, R. A. and Wolf, A. (1991). Contemporary Sociological Theory: Expanding the Classical Tradition. Canada: Pearson Education.

The Menace of Fulani Herdsmen and the Challenges of Insecurity in Nigeria

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 84 - 98, 29.10.2019

Abstract

This paper examines the violent rising wave of
Fulani herdsmen attacks in Nigeria. The menace of Fulani herdsmen has spread
like wildfire which poses a great threat to the corporate existence and oneness
of Nigeria. Thus, the crisis is attributed to ethnic cleansings, border porosity,
political mitigation, environmental and climate change. The study avers that
the relationship of the herders with their animals differ them from normal
nature of the civil world or orderly society which influenced the herders to
have a less value for human life. This relationship results in incessant crises
between the herders and the host communities which have left thousands of
people dead and millions homeless. Utilizing secondary data, the paper
canvasses civic education as a panacea to tackling the menace of Fulani
herdsmen in Nigeria. Finally, there is also need for collaborative efforts by
all security agencies (military and para-military forces) to work together to
curb insurgencies in Nigeria. 

References

  • Aanuoluwapo, B. (2018). Fulani Herdsmen attack farmers in Oyo State. Retrieved in www.nigerianmonitor.com/breaking-fulani-herdsmen-attack-farmer-in-oyo-state/. 17/03/2018.
  • Abbass I.M. (2012). ‘No retreat no surrender conflict for survival between Fulani pastoralists and farmers in Northern Nigeria’, European Scientific Journal, vol. 8 no.1, pp. 331-346.
  • Achumba, I.C, Ighomereho, l., and Akpor-Robaro, M.O. (2013). ‘Security, Challenges in Nigeria and the Implication for Business Activities and Sustainable Development’ Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 56-70.
  • Adekunle, R. (2018). Suspected Herdsmen Strike in Ekiti State, kill Pregnant Woman, vanguard Friday, January 18, 2018, pp. 12. Accessed in https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/suspected-herdsmen-strike-ekiti-kill-pregnant-woman/.
  • Adisa, R.S. and Adekunle, O.A. (2010). ‘Farmer-herdsmen conflicts: A factor analysis of socio economic conflict variables among arable crop farmers’, Journal of Human Ecology, vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 23-45.
  • Adisa, R.S. (2012). Land Use Conflict between Farmers and Herdsmen – Implications for Agricultural and Rural Development in Nigeria, paper presented in Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria.
  • Akingboye, O. (2018). Workers flee as Herdsmen storm Akure Council Secretariat, Guardian Nigerian Newspaper, 13 February, 2018, pp. 9. Retrieved in https://m.guardian.ng/news/workers-flee-as-herdsmen-storm-akure-council-secretariat/
  • Alabi, T. (2018). Fulani Herdsmen Attack Olu Falae Farm in Ondo State. Retrieved in https://www.informationng.com/2018/01/fulani-herdsmen--attack-olu-falae--ondo-state.html. 17/03/2018.
  • Albert, I. O (ed) (2005). Perspectives on Peace and Conflicts in Africa: Essay in Honor of General (Dr) Abdulsalami A. Abubakar. Ibadan: John Archers.
  • Alli, W.O. (2010). The Changing Environment of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy, in Osita, C.E (ed). “Beyond 50 years of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy: Issues, Challenges and prospects”. Lagos: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.
  • Ani, E. (2016).Fulani Herdsmen Kill Villager in Ekiti. Daily Post, May 21, 2018, pp.13. dailypost.ng/2018/05/21/Fulani-herdsmen-kill-villager-in-ekiti-photos/.
  • Azarya, V. (1996). Pastoralism and the State in Africa: Marginality or Incorporation. Nomadic Peoples. vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 11-36.
  • Baylis, J. and Smith, S. (2005). Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • British Broadcasting Corporation (2017). Why we Attack Benue People: Fulani Herdsmen. Accessed in https://www.bbc.com/pidgin-tori-42555276. Retrieved 16/3/2018.
  • Buari, J. (2017). Fulani Herdsmen kill scores in attack on Taraba Villages, accessed in https://www.naija.ng/795995-fulani-herdsmen-kill-44-taraba-buharis-government-finally-reacts-html. 16/3/2018.
  • Burton, K. (2016). Background Report: The Fulani Herdsmen. CYMA Project, pp. 1-18.
  • Cohen, A. (1971). Politics of the Kola Nut Trade in Melson, R. and Wolpe, H. (eds.). Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
  • Dimelu M. U., Salifu D. E., Enwelu A. I. and Igbokwe E. M. (2017). Challenges of herdsmen farmers’ conflict in livestock production in Nigeria: Experience of pastoralists in Kogi State, Nigeria, African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 642-650.
  • Durojaiye R. (2014). Challenge of Fulani Herdsmen, Editorial, Daily Independence, July 8, pp 15-16.
  • Fasona, M. and Omojola, A. (2005). Climate Change, Human Security and Communal Clashes in Nigeria. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Human Security and Climate change, Holmen Fjord Hotel, Oslo October 21-23.
  • Fricke, W. (1993). Cattle husbandry in Nigeria: a Case Study of its Ecological Conditions and social-Geographical Differentiations, Enugu: Ikot-Ekpene.
  • Gbaka E (2014). Managing conflict between farmers and pastoralist in Benue State, Nigeria. Peace Trend vol. 2, series 3, pp. 1-3.
  • Global Terrorism Index (2016). Nigeria Terrorism Index, Retrieved in htpps://tradingeconomics.com/Nigeria/terrorism-index/ Accessed on 21/7/2018.
  • Gurr, R. (ed), (1989). Handbook of Political Conflict: Theory and Research, New York: Free Press.
  • Igata, F. (2016).Fulani Herdsmen invade Enugu Community, kill Catholic Seminarian. Vanguard Newspaper, Thursday, August 25, 2106, pp. 2.
  • Iro, I. (1994). The Fulani Herding System. Washington: African Development Foundation.
  • Iro, I. (2000). Should Pastoral Fulani be Sedenterized? A Literature Review and Theoretical Framework on Policy Issues in the Socioeconomic Transformation of the Pastoral Fulani of Nigeria. Retrieved from HYPERLINK mailto:webmaster@gamji.com webmaster@gamji.com.
  • Iro, I. (2004). Nomadic Education and Education for Nomadic Fulani’s. Washington DC, USA.
  • Iwu, H. (2015). Traditional Mechanism in Conflict Resolution in Igboland, Nigeria, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Isyaku, A. (2013). Terrorism: A New Challenge to Nigeria’s Stability in the 21st Century, International Affairs and Global Strategy, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 16-23.
  • Johari, J.C. (2015). Contemporary Political Theory: New Dimensions, Basic Concepts and Major Trends. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
  • McGregor, A. (2014). Alleged Connection between Boko Haram and Nigeria’s Fulani Herdsmen could Spark a Nigerian Civil War. Terrorism Monitor, vol. 12, no. 10, 8-10.
  • Miall, H.; Ramsbotham, O. and Woodhouse, T. (1999). Contemporary Conflict Resolution, Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Mohammed, L. (2018). Farmers/Herders’ Clashes triggered by Environmental, not Ethnic/Religious Issues, vanguard Newspaper, March 10, 15-16, Available at https://wwww.vanguardngr.com/2018/3/953761.
  • Nte, T.U. (2016). Fulani Herdsmen and Communal Conflicts: Climate Change as Precipitator, Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 26-34.
  • Nwodo, A. (2017). Tensions in Enugu as Herdsmen attack Community. Retrieved 16/3/2018 in https://www.naija.ng/809719-tension-500-fulani-hersmen-planning--fresh-attack-enugu-.html.
  • Obi, C.K. (2015). Challenges of Insecurity and Terrorism in Nigeria: Implication for National Development, International Journal of Sustainable Development. Available at http:llwww.ssrn.com/link/OIDA- Intl-Journal-Sustainable-Dev.html.
  • Odogun, G. (2018). Suspected Herdsmen Kill traditional Ruler, Wife and Nine others in Kogi State. Punch Newspaper, Monday, March 19, 2018, pp.12. or accessed on punchng.com/breaking-suspected-herdsmen-kill-traditional-ruler-wife-and-nine-others-in-kogi/
  • Okogba, E. (2018 a). Again Herdsmen attack Ogun Communities, sack 30 Schools, Vanguard Newspaper, Monday, February 5, 2018, pp.15.Retrieved, accessed on 16/3/2018 in https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/2/herdsmen-attack-ogun-communities-sack-30-schools/.
  • Okogba, E. (2018 b). Fulani Herdsmen stabs NURTW member to Death in Ondo, In Vanguard Newspaper, Thursday, January 30, 2018 pp. 24. Accessed on 17/03/2018, retrieved in https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/fulani-herdsmen-stabs-nurtw-member-death-ondo/.
  • Okwor, D. (2016). The Political Economy of the Conflict between The Farmers and Fulani Herdsmen in the Contemporary era of Climate Change in Nigeria, An Unpublished Researcher Paper Presented for Award of Master of Arts in International Institute of Social Studies.
  • Omitola, B. (2014). Between Boko Haram and Fulani Herdsmen: Organised Crime and Insecurity in Nigeria, A Paper Presented at the 5th Institute of Security Studies Conference on Crime and Crime Reduction, 14 and 15 August, 2014, Sandston, South Africa.
  • Onuoha, A. (2012). A Danger Not to Nigeria Alone, 4; J. Peter Pham, “Boko Haram’s Evolving Threat,” Africa Security Brief, 2012, http://africacenter.org/2012/04/boko-harams- evolving-threat/ (Accessed on March 25, 2018).
  • Rabiu Kwakwaso (2018). I’m contesting because of herdsmen killings. Punch Newspaper, Wednesday, 14 February, 2018, pp. 23.
  • Reese, S. (2013). Defining Homeland Security: Analysis and Congressional Considerations, Congressional Research Service, pp. 1-18, accessed in www.crs.gov. Accessed on 12/3/2018.
  • Sutherland E. H. and Cressy, D.R. (1978). Criminology: Sociological Theories. London: Sages Publications.
  • Soyinka, W. (2018). Herdsmen attacks in Osun, Ondo as Soyinka says Buhari is in a Trance, Vanguard Newspaper, Wednesday, February 14, 2018, pp. 1.
  • Tenuche, M.S. and Ifatimehin, O.O. (2009). Resource conflict among farmers and Fulani herdsmen: Implications for resource sustainability, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 3 (9), pp. 360-364.
  • Wallace, R. A. and Wolf, A. (1991). Contemporary Sociological Theory: Expanding the Classical Tradition. Canada: Pearson Education.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Leke Oke This is me

Ojo Olawale This is me

Publication Date October 29, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Oke, L., & Olawale, O. (2019). The Menace of Fulani Herdsmen and the Challenges of Insecurity in Nigeria. European Journal of Educational and Social Sciences, 4(2), 84-98.