Grounded and Floating Real Inductor Simulations and Experimentations using Second Generation Current Conveyors

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 181 - 187, 25.02.2017

Mehmet Demırtas

Abstract

Current
Conveyors (CC) are active circuit elements which perform analog signal
processing. CCs were developed as an alternative to the classical Operational
Amplifiers (OPAMP). Unlike OPAMPs, CCs are current-based and they operate
according to the principle of ‘current conveying’ from one terminal to another. As a modified
version of the First Generation Current Conveyor (CCI), Second Generation
Current Conveyors (CCII) is versatile and useful in designing analog circuits
such as filters, amplifiers, inductor simulators etc. In this paper, one
grounded and one floating inductor simulator designs are given. These simulator
designs are based on CCII’s and passive elements like resistors and
capacitors. Both inductor simulator designs are lossy and simulate real
inductors that have internal resistance. The simulators simulate an inductance
in series with an internal resistance. Since inductors are non-ideal, noisy,
bulky circuit elements, it is reasonable to simulate their behavior under
certain frequency range using CCII’s as active elements. In this study, inductor
simulators are created first by BJTs & passive elements in SPICE
environment and created inductor simulators are tested in a Low Pass Filter
(LPF) for a frequency range up to 10MHz. Moreover, both simulators are realized
for experimentation using commercially available Analog Device’s AD844’s which can perform as a CCII & using resistors
and capacitors. Realized inductor simulators are tested in the same LPF. The
gain of the filter is measured for 15 different frequency values which are
located between 10 Hz-10MHz. Finally, both SPICE simulation and experimental
results are compared for the same LPF which is constructed using ideal
inductor. It is concluded that a lossy, real inductor can be simulated up to
certain frequencies by using CCIIs both in simulation environment and
experiment.                          

Keywords

inductance simulation, current conveying, analog design, second generation current conveyors

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