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Opinions of Primary and Secondary School Principals about Internal and External Motivation

Year 2016, Volume: 16 Issue: 64, 0 - 0, 15.07.2016

Abstract

Problem Statement: “Motivation” can be defined as the action of directing human behavior in a desirable way. School principals are not only the managers who are the most responsible for the school. The vice principals who are officially charged and help the principals with the school tasks are also called school managers. School managers have a direct impact on the performance of personnel. Knowing the opinions of the managers about internal and external motivation increases the success of the educational institution. Purpose of the Study: The aim of this research was to reveal the ideas of primary and secondary school principals about motivation. The problems under review are: (1) What are the opinions of the primary and middle school principals about internal motivation?; (2) Do the opinions of the primary and middle school principals about internal motivation differentiate depending on gender, duty at school, school grade, and education level?; (3) What are the opinions of the primary and middle school principals about external motivation?; (4) Do the opinions of the primary and middle school principals about external motivation differentiate depending on gender, duty at school, school grade, and education level? Method: This study was a descriptive research study. The outcome consists of 55 randomly selected principals and deputy principals working in primary school, middle school, and high school in the center, town, and villages of Denizli Buldan. In order to gather data, a scale developed by the researchers, called “opinions of principals about internal and external motivation”, was used. In the real application of the scale, while the Cronbach Alpha value of internal motivation was 0.80, the Cronbach Alpha value of external motivation was 0.88. The total Cronbach Alpha value of the scale was calculated as 0.87. To confirm whether the allocation was normal, the Kolmogorov Simirnov test was applied. According to the result, the data was said to be normal [(K-s)-z =0.633 p=0.818]. Test T and Anova were used to analyze the data parametric tests. Findings: The principals involved in the research stated “I agree” for internal motivation with the average of 3.74, while they stated “I agree” for external motivation with an average of 4.18. Based on the feedback from the primary and secondary school principals, no meaningful difference was defined related to gender, education level, occupation, and the grade of the school. Conclusion and Recommendations: The participating primary and middle school principals said “I agree” for “internal motivation” with an average of 3.74 and “I agree” for “external motivation” with an average of 4.18. According to the results of the research, these ideas can be suggested: (1) Principals are motivated by “the feeling of achieving difficult tasks”. They should be allowed to create higher targets. (2) The principals are motivated by “team spirit at school”. Creating the principal’s own team is important, based on this result. Key words: School principal, motivation, internal motivation, external motivation, opinion.

References

  • Alic, M. (1996). Egitim sisteminin amaclarinin gerceklestirilmesinde egitim
  • yoneticisinin islevleri [Function of education administration in the realization
  • of the aims of education systems]. Çagdas Egitim Dergisi, 217, 12-16.
  • Akbaba, S. (2006). Egitimde motivasyon [Motivation in education]. Ataturk
  • Universitesi Kâzım Karabekir Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 13, 343-361.
  • Brislin, R. W. & Kabigting, F. & Macnab, B. & Zukis, B. & Worthley, R. (2005).
  • Evolving perceptions of Japanese workplace motivation. International Journal
  • of Cross Cultural Management, 5(1), 87-103.
  • Cerit, Y. (2007). Ilkogretim okulu mudurlerinin hizmet yonelimli liderlik rollerini
  • gerceklestirme duzeyleri [Primary school principals’ levels of realizıng
  • servant leadership roles]. Hacettepe Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 33, 88-98
  • Cetinkanat, A.C. (2002). Is doyumu ve tukenmislik [Job satisfaction and burnout].
  • Egitim Arastırmalari Dergisi, 9, 186-193.
  • Dundar, S. & Ozutku, H. & Taspinar, F. (2007) Icsel ve dissal motivasyon araclarinin
  • ısgorenlerin motivasyonu uzerindeki etkisi: Ampirik bir inceleme [The effects
  • of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation tools on employees’ motivations: An
  • empirical investigation]. Ticaret ve Turizm Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 2, 105-119.
  • Ercan, L. (2003). Motivasyon [Motivation]. In L. Küçükahmet (Ed.), Sinif yonetiminde
  • yeni yaklasimlar (pp. 107-122). Ankara: Nobel Yayinevi.
  • Erdem, A.R. (1997). İcerik kuramları ve egitim yonetimine katkisi [Content theories
  • and their contributions to educational administration]. Pamukkale Universitesi
  • Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 3, 68-76.
  • Erdem, A. R. (1998). Surec kuramlarinin egitim yonetimine katkilari [Process theories
  • and their contributions to educational administration]. Pamukkale Universitesi
  • Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 4, 51–57.
  • Ergul, H. F. (2005) Motivasyon ve motivasyon teknikleri [Motivation and its
  • techniques in running management]. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4 (14),
  • -79.
  • Genc, N. (2004). Yonetim ve organizasyon [Management and organization]. Ankara:
  • Seçkin Yayinevi.
  • Helvaci, M. A. & Basin, H. (2013) Okul yoneticilerinin kullandiklari motivasyon
  • yaklasimlari (Usak ili orneği) [The approaches of school principals to motivate
  • teachers (Uşak case)]. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (44), 300-322.
  • Jones-Bassett, N. & Lloyd, C. G. (2005), Does Herzberg’s motivation theory have
  • staying power?. The Journal of Management Development, 24 (10), 929-943
  • Karasar, N. (2007) Bilimsel arastirma yontemi [Scientific research method]. Ankara: Nobel
  • Yayınevi
  • Kayapinar, I. (2015) Okul yoneticilerinin motivasyonlarina etki eden faktorler: Silivri ornegi
  • [Factors affecting school administrators‟ motivation: Silivri example].
  • Yayinlanmamis yuksek lisans tezi, Gazi Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler
  • Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kenan, K.(1996). Motivasyon [Motivation]. Istanbul: Remzi Yayinevi.
  • Kocabas, I. & Karakose, T., (2005). Okul mudurlerinin tutum ve davranislarinin
  • ogretmenlerin motivasyonuna etkisi (Ozel ve devlet okulu ornegi) [Principals’
  • behavior and attitudes’ effect on the motivation of teachers (An example of
  • private and public schools)]. Turk Egitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 79-91.
  • Kocel, T. (1995). Isletme yoneticiligi [Business manager]. İstanbul: Beta Yayınlari, No:
  • Kulpcu, O. (2008) Ilkogretim okullarinda gorev yapan ogretmen ve yoneticileri motive
  • etmede kullanilabilecek motivasyon araclari uzerine bir inceleme (Gaziantep ornegi)
  • [A search on motivation tools which can be used to motivate the
  • administrators and teachers who work at primary schools (Gaziantep case)].
  • Yayinlanmamis yuksek lisans tezi, Gaziantep Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler
  • Enstitüsü, Gaziantep.
  • Leonard, H. N. & Beauvais L. L. & Scholl, W. R. (1999), Work motivation: The
  • incorporation of self-concept-based processes. Human Relations, 52(8), 969-974.
  • Mahaney, C. R. & Lederer, A. L. (2006). The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards
  • for developers on information systems project success. Project Management
  • Journal, 37(4), 42-54.
  • Onay, M. & Erguden, S. (2011) Orgutsel-yonetsel motivasyon faktorlerinin calısanlarin
  • performans ve verimliligine etkilerini incelemeye yonelik ampirik bir calisma: Manisa
  • -sosyal guvenlik kurumu [An empirical study for determining the effects of
  • organizational- managerial motivation practices on the performance and
  • productivity of the workers: Example of Manisa social security institution].
  • Organizasyon ve Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 221-230.
  • Oncu, H. (2012). Motivasyon [Motivation] In L. Küçükahmet (Ed.), Sinif yonetimi
  • (pp.160-186). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayincilik.
  • Orucu, E. & Kanbur, A. (2008) Orgütsel-yonetsel motivasyon faktorlerinin
  • çalisanlarin performans ve verimliligine etkilerini incelemeye yonelik ampirik
  • bir çalısma: Hizmet ve endüstri isletmesi orneği [An empirical study for
  • determining the effects of organizational- managerial motivation practices on
  • the performance and productivity of the workers: Example of service and
  • industry company]. Yonetim ve Ekonomi, 15 (1), 85-97.
  • Ozgener, Ş. (2000). Gelismekte olan ulkelerde is gorenin gudulenmesi ve TKY’nin
  • isgorenin gudulenmesine katkilari [The motivation of employees in
  • developing countries and thecontribution of TQM who work motivation].
  • S.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 4, 175-188.
  • Pekel, H. N. (2001). Isletmelerde motivasyon verimlilik iliskisi, devlet hava meydanlari
  • isletmesi Antalya havalimani çalisanlari arasinda bir ornek olay arastirmasi
  • [Motivation productivity relations in enterprises, state enterprises aerodrome
  • Antalya Airport is a case study among employees]. Yayınlanmamis yuksek
  • lisans tezi, Suleyman Demirel Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Isparta.
  • Steers, M. R. & Mowday, T. R. & Shapiro, D. L. (2004). The future of work motivation
  • theory. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 379-387.
  • Uyulgan, M. A. & Akkuzu, N. (2014) Ogretmen adaylarinin akademik icsel
  • motivasyonlarina bir bakis [An overview of student teachers’ academic
  • intrinsic motivation]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 14 (1), 7-32.
  • Yazici, H. (2009) Ogretmenlik meslegi, motivasyon kaynaklari ve temel tutumlar:
  • Kuramsal bir bakis [Teaching profession, motivation resources and basic
  • attitudes: A theoretical perspective]. Kastamonu Egitim Dergisi, 17 (1), 33-46.
  • Yildirim, S. (2007) Motivasyon ve calisma yaşaminda motivasyonun onemi [Motivation
  • and the importance of motivation at work]. Yayinlanmamis yuksek lisans tezi,
  • Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü,
  • Kahramanmaras.
  • Yildirim, N. (2008). Ilkogretim okulu mudurlerinin ogretmenleri guduleme
  • duzeylerine iliskin ogretmenlerin ve okul mudurlerinin gorusleri [The
  • opinion of teachers and principals related to the degree of principals’
  • motivating teachers (Sample of Tokat provınce)]. Dogu Anadolu Bolgesi
  • Arastirmalari Dergisi, 6 (2), 132-140.
  • Yildirim, N. (2011). Okul mudurlerinin motivasyonları uzerine nitel bir inceleme [A
  • qualitative analysis on motivation of school principals]. AİBÜ, Egitim Fakultesi
  • Dergisi, 11(1), 71-85.
  • Yogun, S. (2014). Çalisanlarda motivasyon ve is tatmini [Increased employee motivation
  • and job satisfaction]. Yayinlanmamıs yuksek lisans tezi, Beykent Universitesi
  • Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu, Istanbul.
Year 2016, Volume: 16 Issue: 64, 0 - 0, 15.07.2016

Abstract

References

  • Alic, M. (1996). Egitim sisteminin amaclarinin gerceklestirilmesinde egitim
  • yoneticisinin islevleri [Function of education administration in the realization
  • of the aims of education systems]. Çagdas Egitim Dergisi, 217, 12-16.
  • Akbaba, S. (2006). Egitimde motivasyon [Motivation in education]. Ataturk
  • Universitesi Kâzım Karabekir Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 13, 343-361.
  • Brislin, R. W. & Kabigting, F. & Macnab, B. & Zukis, B. & Worthley, R. (2005).
  • Evolving perceptions of Japanese workplace motivation. International Journal
  • of Cross Cultural Management, 5(1), 87-103.
  • Cerit, Y. (2007). Ilkogretim okulu mudurlerinin hizmet yonelimli liderlik rollerini
  • gerceklestirme duzeyleri [Primary school principals’ levels of realizıng
  • servant leadership roles]. Hacettepe Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 33, 88-98
  • Cetinkanat, A.C. (2002). Is doyumu ve tukenmislik [Job satisfaction and burnout].
  • Egitim Arastırmalari Dergisi, 9, 186-193.
  • Dundar, S. & Ozutku, H. & Taspinar, F. (2007) Icsel ve dissal motivasyon araclarinin
  • ısgorenlerin motivasyonu uzerindeki etkisi: Ampirik bir inceleme [The effects
  • of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation tools on employees’ motivations: An
  • empirical investigation]. Ticaret ve Turizm Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 2, 105-119.
  • Ercan, L. (2003). Motivasyon [Motivation]. In L. Küçükahmet (Ed.), Sinif yonetiminde
  • yeni yaklasimlar (pp. 107-122). Ankara: Nobel Yayinevi.
  • Erdem, A.R. (1997). İcerik kuramları ve egitim yonetimine katkisi [Content theories
  • and their contributions to educational administration]. Pamukkale Universitesi
  • Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 3, 68-76.
  • Erdem, A. R. (1998). Surec kuramlarinin egitim yonetimine katkilari [Process theories
  • and their contributions to educational administration]. Pamukkale Universitesi
  • Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 4, 51–57.
  • Ergul, H. F. (2005) Motivasyon ve motivasyon teknikleri [Motivation and its
  • techniques in running management]. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4 (14),
  • -79.
  • Genc, N. (2004). Yonetim ve organizasyon [Management and organization]. Ankara:
  • Seçkin Yayinevi.
  • Helvaci, M. A. & Basin, H. (2013) Okul yoneticilerinin kullandiklari motivasyon
  • yaklasimlari (Usak ili orneği) [The approaches of school principals to motivate
  • teachers (Uşak case)]. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (44), 300-322.
  • Jones-Bassett, N. & Lloyd, C. G. (2005), Does Herzberg’s motivation theory have
  • staying power?. The Journal of Management Development, 24 (10), 929-943
  • Karasar, N. (2007) Bilimsel arastirma yontemi [Scientific research method]. Ankara: Nobel
  • Yayınevi
  • Kayapinar, I. (2015) Okul yoneticilerinin motivasyonlarina etki eden faktorler: Silivri ornegi
  • [Factors affecting school administrators‟ motivation: Silivri example].
  • Yayinlanmamis yuksek lisans tezi, Gazi Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler
  • Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kenan, K.(1996). Motivasyon [Motivation]. Istanbul: Remzi Yayinevi.
  • Kocabas, I. & Karakose, T., (2005). Okul mudurlerinin tutum ve davranislarinin
  • ogretmenlerin motivasyonuna etkisi (Ozel ve devlet okulu ornegi) [Principals’
  • behavior and attitudes’ effect on the motivation of teachers (An example of
  • private and public schools)]. Turk Egitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 79-91.
  • Kocel, T. (1995). Isletme yoneticiligi [Business manager]. İstanbul: Beta Yayınlari, No:
  • Kulpcu, O. (2008) Ilkogretim okullarinda gorev yapan ogretmen ve yoneticileri motive
  • etmede kullanilabilecek motivasyon araclari uzerine bir inceleme (Gaziantep ornegi)
  • [A search on motivation tools which can be used to motivate the
  • administrators and teachers who work at primary schools (Gaziantep case)].
  • Yayinlanmamis yuksek lisans tezi, Gaziantep Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler
  • Enstitüsü, Gaziantep.
  • Leonard, H. N. & Beauvais L. L. & Scholl, W. R. (1999), Work motivation: The
  • incorporation of self-concept-based processes. Human Relations, 52(8), 969-974.
  • Mahaney, C. R. & Lederer, A. L. (2006). The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards
  • for developers on information systems project success. Project Management
  • Journal, 37(4), 42-54.
  • Onay, M. & Erguden, S. (2011) Orgutsel-yonetsel motivasyon faktorlerinin calısanlarin
  • performans ve verimliligine etkilerini incelemeye yonelik ampirik bir calisma: Manisa
  • -sosyal guvenlik kurumu [An empirical study for determining the effects of
  • organizational- managerial motivation practices on the performance and
  • productivity of the workers: Example of Manisa social security institution].
  • Organizasyon ve Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 221-230.
  • Oncu, H. (2012). Motivasyon [Motivation] In L. Küçükahmet (Ed.), Sinif yonetimi
  • (pp.160-186). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayincilik.
  • Orucu, E. & Kanbur, A. (2008) Orgütsel-yonetsel motivasyon faktorlerinin
  • çalisanlarin performans ve verimliligine etkilerini incelemeye yonelik ampirik
  • bir çalısma: Hizmet ve endüstri isletmesi orneği [An empirical study for
  • determining the effects of organizational- managerial motivation practices on
  • the performance and productivity of the workers: Example of service and
  • industry company]. Yonetim ve Ekonomi, 15 (1), 85-97.
  • Ozgener, Ş. (2000). Gelismekte olan ulkelerde is gorenin gudulenmesi ve TKY’nin
  • isgorenin gudulenmesine katkilari [The motivation of employees in
  • developing countries and thecontribution of TQM who work motivation].
  • S.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 4, 175-188.
  • Pekel, H. N. (2001). Isletmelerde motivasyon verimlilik iliskisi, devlet hava meydanlari
  • isletmesi Antalya havalimani çalisanlari arasinda bir ornek olay arastirmasi
  • [Motivation productivity relations in enterprises, state enterprises aerodrome
  • Antalya Airport is a case study among employees]. Yayınlanmamis yuksek
  • lisans tezi, Suleyman Demirel Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Isparta.
  • Steers, M. R. & Mowday, T. R. & Shapiro, D. L. (2004). The future of work motivation
  • theory. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 379-387.
  • Uyulgan, M. A. & Akkuzu, N. (2014) Ogretmen adaylarinin akademik icsel
  • motivasyonlarina bir bakis [An overview of student teachers’ academic
  • intrinsic motivation]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 14 (1), 7-32.
  • Yazici, H. (2009) Ogretmenlik meslegi, motivasyon kaynaklari ve temel tutumlar:
  • Kuramsal bir bakis [Teaching profession, motivation resources and basic
  • attitudes: A theoretical perspective]. Kastamonu Egitim Dergisi, 17 (1), 33-46.
  • Yildirim, S. (2007) Motivasyon ve calisma yaşaminda motivasyonun onemi [Motivation
  • and the importance of motivation at work]. Yayinlanmamis yuksek lisans tezi,
  • Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü,
  • Kahramanmaras.
  • Yildirim, N. (2008). Ilkogretim okulu mudurlerinin ogretmenleri guduleme
  • duzeylerine iliskin ogretmenlerin ve okul mudurlerinin gorusleri [The
  • opinion of teachers and principals related to the degree of principals’
  • motivating teachers (Sample of Tokat provınce)]. Dogu Anadolu Bolgesi
  • Arastirmalari Dergisi, 6 (2), 132-140.
  • Yildirim, N. (2011). Okul mudurlerinin motivasyonları uzerine nitel bir inceleme [A
  • qualitative analysis on motivation of school principals]. AİBÜ, Egitim Fakultesi
  • Dergisi, 11(1), 71-85.
  • Yogun, S. (2014). Çalisanlarda motivasyon ve is tatmini [Increased employee motivation
  • and job satisfaction]. Yayinlanmamıs yuksek lisans tezi, Beykent Universitesi
  • Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu, Istanbul.
There are 104 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Riza Erdem

İbrahim Cıcekdemır This is me

Publication Date July 15, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 16 Issue: 64

Cite

APA Erdem, A. R., & Cıcekdemır, İ. (2016). Opinions of Primary and Secondary School Principals about Internal and External Motivation. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 16(64).
AMA Erdem AR, Cıcekdemır İ. Opinions of Primary and Secondary School Principals about Internal and External Motivation. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. October 2016;16(64).
Chicago Erdem, Ali Riza, and İbrahim Cıcekdemır. “Opinions of Primary and Secondary School Principals about Internal and External Motivation”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 16, no. 64 (October 2016).
EndNote Erdem AR, Cıcekdemır İ (October 1, 2016) Opinions of Primary and Secondary School Principals about Internal and External Motivation. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 16 64
IEEE A. R. Erdem and İ. Cıcekdemır, “Opinions of Primary and Secondary School Principals about Internal and External Motivation”, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, vol. 16, no. 64, 2016.
ISNAD Erdem, Ali Riza - Cıcekdemır, İbrahim. “Opinions of Primary and Secondary School Principals about Internal and External Motivation”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 16/64 (October 2016).
JAMA Erdem AR, Cıcekdemır İ. Opinions of Primary and Secondary School Principals about Internal and External Motivation. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2016;16.
MLA Erdem, Ali Riza and İbrahim Cıcekdemır. “Opinions of Primary and Secondary School Principals about Internal and External Motivation”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, vol. 16, no. 64, 2016.
Vancouver Erdem AR, Cıcekdemır İ. Opinions of Primary and Secondary School Principals about Internal and External Motivation. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2016;16(64).