Chemical Migration from Plastic Types of Food Contact Materials

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 22 - 32, 30.08.2017

Perihan Yolcı Omeroğlu Tuğba Özdal Rüya Bulut

Abstract

Foods are exposed to contact
materials during all steps passed from farm to fork. Regulation (EC) No
1935/2004 was set in the European Union (EU) to provide safe FCMs and to
explain the general requirements of the materials. Plastic materials and
articles intended to come into contact with food are regulated by Commission
Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. Annex I of Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011
contains the Union list of authorized monomers, additives, polymer production
and other starting substances. There are 885 authorized food contact material
substances in the list. These listed substances called as “Intentionally Added Substances (IAS)” can be used to manufacture
plastic materials, with the restrictions and specifications established in the
list. The contamination of foods due to the release of chemicals from packaging
materials can be originated from the substances used in their formulation  (IAS) but also from interactions between
different ingredients, degradation products or from the presence of impurities
in the raw materials (so called “Non
Intentionally Added Substances-NIAS”). The components from food contact materials must not migrate
into the foods in unacceptable quantities. Therefore, substances used in the
manufacture of FCMs are regulated with maximum limits that may migrate into
foodstuffs without causing any health concerns. There are two migration limit
set for plastic based materials and articles: Overall Migration Limit and Specific
Migration Limit (SML). SML are set for individual authorized substances
based on toxicological evaluation. In the scope of this study, plastic type of
food contact materials are classified, and migration concept is explained, the
regulations about FCMs and analysis method on chemicals migrated are reviewed.

 

Keywords

Food contact materials, intentionally added substances, non-intentionally added substances, migration limits, and plastic regulations

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