Evaluation of volatile components of Achillea millefolium L. essential oil

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 125 - 130, 29.12.2023

Gözde Öztürk Damla Kırcı Betül Demirci

https://doi.org/10.55971/EJLS.1381369

Abstract

The genus Achillea (Asteraceae) is distributed in Europe and the Middle East and has approximately 140 endemic species. There are 40 Achillea sp. in the Turkish flora and 20 of them are endemic. This genus has a widespread area all over the world. Also, it has many different uses in traditionally, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, hemorrhoids and wound healing. Achillea sp. is also widely used as food.
Achillea millefolium L. is known as “Yarrow” and has been used as a wound healer, diuretic, appetite stimulant and menstrual bleeding in Türkiye. The aerial parts of the plant are used in a variety of forms, including infusion, tincture, liquid extract, total extract, bath. It has also been stated that the essential oil of the plant is used in mouth sores and dental health due to its antimicrobial effect. It is also preferred in the treatment of aphtha and wounds in the mouth.
Within the scope of this project, essential oil of A. millefolium was obtained from European Pharmacopoeia (9th Edition) quality, supplied from German commercial source, with the Clevenger apparatus for 3 h. The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained was elucidated.
A total of 67 components were identified. Chamazulene (6.8%), caryophyllene oxide (5.8%), torilenol (5.6%), (E)-nerolidol (4.3%), borneol (4.0%) were found as major constituents of A. millefolium essential oil.
The original value of this study, aim of this study is to conduct a pharmacognosic examination of the European Pharmacopoeia quality A. millefolium, one of the Achillea sp. that is of great importance worldwide due to medicinal proporties, especially herbal tea. With this study, the chemical composition of the volatile components of the A. millefolium was elucidated.

Keywords

Asteraceae, Achillea millefolium L., essential oil, GC, GC-MS

Project Number

2207S104

References

• Baytop T. Türkiye’de bitkilerle tedavi.İstanbul:Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; (1999). ISBN: 975-420-021-1.
• Mill RR, Kit T. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Volume 9. (1985). Edited by P.H. DAVIS, vol. 9, Edinburgh University Press.
• Akram M. Minirewiew on Achillea millefolium Linn. J. Membr. Biol. (2013); 246(9): 661-663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-013-9588-x
• Ali SI, Gopalakrishnan B, Venkatesalu V. Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review. Phytother Res. (2017); 31(8): 1140-1161. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840
• Keser S, Celik S, Turkoglu S, Yilmaz O, Turkoglu I. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of water and ethanol extracts from Achillea millefolium L. Turk J Pharm Sci. (2013);10: 385-392.
• Greger H. Flavonoide und Systematik der Anthemideae. Naturwissenschaften. (1969); 56: 467-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00601083
• Vitalini S, Beretta G, Iriti M, Phenolic compounds from Achillea millefolium L. and their bioactivity. Acta Biochim Pol. (2011); 58: 203-209. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2011_2266
• Csupor LB, Hajdu Z, Zupko I. Antiproliferative effect of flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids from Achillea millefolium on cultured human tumour cell lines. Phytother Res. (2009); 23: 672-676. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2697
• Wojdyło A, Oszmiańskia J, Czemerysb R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chem. (2007); 105: 940-949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.038
• Tunón H, ThorsellW, Bohlin L. Mosquito repelling activity of compounds occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Econ Bot. (1994); 48: 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908196
• Sevindik E, Abaci ZT, Yamaner C, Ayvaz M. Determination of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Teucrium polium and Achillea millefolium grown under North Anatolian ecological conditions. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. (2016); 30: 375-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2015.1131626
• Mazandarani M, Mirdeilami SZ, Pessarakli M. Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Achillea millefolium L. from different regions in North east of Iran. J Medi Plant Res. (2013); 7: 1063-1069.
• Kazemi M. Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Achillea millefolium from the eastern region of Iran. Int J Food Prop. (2015); 18: 2187-2192. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2014.966388
• Nadim MM, Malik AA, Ahmad J, Bakshi SK. The essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium cultivated under tropical condition in India. W J Agri Sci. (2011); 7: 561-565.
• Conti B, Canale A, Bertoli A, Gozzini F, Pistelli L. Essential oil composition and larvicidal activity of six Mediterranean aromatic plants against the mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res. (2010); 107: 1455-1461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2018-4
• Boskovic Z, Radulovic N, Stojanovic G. Essential oil composition of four Achillea species from the balkans and its chemotaxonomic significance. Chem Nat Comp. (2005); 41:555-558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0009-6
• Costescu CI, Radoi BP, Hadaruga NG. Obtaining and characterization of Achillea millefolium L. extracts. J Agroaliment Proc Technol. (2014); 20: 142-149.
• Korkmaz M, Karakurt E. An ethnobotanical investigation to determine plants used as folk medicine in Kelkit (Gümüşhane/Turkey) district. Biological Diversity and Conservation. (2015); 8(3):290-303.
• Tariq KA, Chishti MZ, Ahmad F, Shawl AS. Anthelmintic efficacy of Achillea millefolium against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Helminthol. (2008); 82: 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X08972515
• Kazemi M. Chemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory potential of Achillea millefolium L., Anethum graveolens L., and Carum copticum L. essential oils. J. Herb. Med. (2015);5:217-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2015.09.001
• David RB, Zbigniew AC, Sasha MD. Aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) inflorescences suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. J Med Plants Res. (2010); 4: 225-234.
• Moradi MT, Rafieian-Koupaei M, Imani-Rastabi R. Antispasmodic effects of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) extract in the isolated ileum of Rat. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013);10: 499-503. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i6.19
• Hemmati AA, Arzi A, Adineh A, Mostofi NE, Mozaffari AR, Jalali A. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) extract impairs the fibrogenic effect of bleomycin in rat lung. J Med Plants Res. (2011); 5: 1843-1849.
• Sedighi M, Nasri H, Rafieian KM, Mortazaei S. Reversal effect of Achillea millefolium extract on ileum contractions. J Herb Med Pharmacol. (2013);2: 5-8
• Zolghadri Y, Fazeli M, Kooshki M, Shomali T, Karimaghayee N, Dehghani M. Achillea millefolium L. hydro-alcoholic extract protects pancreatic cells by down regulating IL-1β and iNOS gene expression in diabetic rats. Int J Mol Cell Med Autumn. (2014);3: 255-262.
• Demirci F, Bayramiç P, Göger G, Demirci B, Başer, KHC. Characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of the essential oil of Pinus pinea L. from Turkey. NVEO. Nat. Vol. Essent. Oils. (2015); 2 (2): 39-40.
• McLafferty FW, Stauffer DB. (1989). The Wiley/NBS Registry of Mass Spectral Data. J. Wiley and Sons.
• Koenig WA, Joulain D, Hochmuth DH. (2004). Terpenoids and Related Constituents of Essential Oils, Library of MassFinder 4.
• Joulain D, König WA. (1998). The Atlas of Spectra Data of Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons.
• Council of Europe (2016). European Pharmacopoeia. 9.0. Council of Europe. Strasbourg, 1564-1565.
• Almadiy AA, Nenah GE, Assiuty BA, Moussa EA, Mira NM. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils and major fractions of four Achillea species and their nanoemulsions against foodborne bacteria. Food Sci. Technol. (2016);69:529-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.009
• Candan F, Unlu M, Tepe B, Daferera D, Polissiou M, Sökmen A, Akpulat HA. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae). J. Ethnopharmacol. (2003); 87:215-220. https://doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00149-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00149-1
• Jianu C, Golet I, Misca C, Jianu AM, Pop G, Gruia AT. Antimicrobial properties and chemical composition of essential oils isolated from six medicinal plants grown in Romania against foodborne pathogens. Rev. Chim. (2016);67(6);1056-1061.
• Orav A, Arak E, Raal A. Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. from various European countries. Nat. Prod. Res. (2006); 20(12); 1082-1088. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410500510849