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Oluşum Döneminde Anadolu Rock'ın Müzikal Stili (1965-1975)

Year 2024, Issue: 24, 152 - 169, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.1374925

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 1965 ile 1975 yılları arasında Anadolu Rock sanatçıları Erkin Koray, Cem Karaca ve Barış Manço tarafından yayınlanan şarkıların analizlerini sunmaktadır. 1960'ların Türkiye'sinde ortaya çıkan Anadolu Rock, özgün bir müzikal tarzın gelişmesine olanak tanımıştır. Bu tarz, Amerikan Rock 'n' Roll’u ve geleneksel Türk makam müziğinin bir birleşimidir. Besteler genellikle majör, minör ve frigyen modlarına yer vermekte ve melodik açıdan makam müziğinin özelliklerini taşımaktadır. Ayrıca, her sanatçı melodilerine belirli ritmik yapıları sıkça dahil etmektedir. Anadolu Rock'taki ilk eserler, genellikle halk şiirinde bulunan hece ölçüsüne benzer şekilde 7, 8 ve 11 heceden oluşmaktadır. Bu nedenle, orijinal şarkı sözleri de genellikle halk şiirinde bulunan bu hece ölçüleri kullanılarak bestelenmektedir. Makam müziğiyle ilişkili olması nedeniyle, Anadolu rock, onu armonik olarak Batı müziklerinden ayıran benzersiz bir modal yapıya sahiptir. Major modda I, IV ve V akorları Blues ve Rock 'n' Roll formunda gibi görünmekle birlikte armonik ilerleme belirli akor kalıplarına uymamaktadır. Minör modda hem V-i hem de bVII-i kadansları kullanılırken, frig modda bII-i ve bVII-i kadansları kullanılmaktadır.

References

  • Adorno, T. (1990) On popular music. S. Frith and A. Goodwin (Eds.), in On record, rock, pop and the written word (pp. 256-267). London: Routledge.
  • Alpar, A. (2014). Türk pop müziği kültüründe Anadolu rock müziği temsilcileri ve kullanılan halk türkülerinin analizi. (Unpublished master’s thesis). İnönü Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Malatya.
  • Aya, G. (1998). Bir Cem Karaca kitabı. İstanbul: Ada.
  • Aya, G. ve Tireli, M. (1998). Bir Erkin Koray kitabı. İstanbul: Ada.
  • Baysal, O. (2018). Reconsidering “Anadolu Pop”, Rock Music Studies, 5:3, 205-219.
  • Brackett, D. (1995). Interpreting popular music. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brackett, D. (1999). Music. B. Horner and T. Swiss (Eds.), in Key terms in popular music and culture (pp. 124-140). Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.
  • Canbazoğlu, C. (2009). Kentin türküsü: Anadolu Pop-Rock. İstanbul: Pan.
  • Dilmener, N. (2014). Bak bir varmış bir yokmuş: hafif Türk pop tarihi. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Everett, W. (2009). The foundations of rock from "Blue suede shoes" to "Suite: Judy blue eyes". Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Fabbri, F. (1981). A theory of musical genres: two applications. In D. Horn and P. Tagg (Eds.), Popular music perspectives, IASPM, Exeter, 52-81.
  • Güner, B.B. (2015). Anadolu Rock’ta Melodik, Armonik ve Ritmik Yapı: 1965-1975. (Unpublished master’s thesis). İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Hyer, B. (2008). Tonality. T. Christensen (Ed.), in The Cambridge history of Western music theory (pp. 726-752). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Judkins, J. (2011). Style. T. Gracyk and A. Kania (Eds.), in The Routledge Companion to Philosophy and Music (pp.134-143). New York: Routledge.
  • Karakaya, K. (2014). Anadolu rock müziğinin oluşum ve gelişim sürecinin değerlendirilmesi. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Edirne.
  • Meriç, M. (1999). Türkiye’de popüler batı müziğinin 75 yıllık seyrine bir bakış. Cumhuriyet'in Sesleri. İstanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı.
  • Meriç, M. (2015) Hoşça kal, Birgün gazetesi 15 mart 2015 http://www.birgun.net/news/view/hoscakal/15117
  • Merwe, P. (1989). Origins of the popular style: The antecedents of twentieth-century popular music. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Middleton, R. (1990). Studying popular music. England: Open University Press.
  • Moore, A. (2001). Rock, the primary text: Developing a musicology of rock. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate.
  • Moore, A. (2003). Analyzing popular music. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Moore, A. (2012). Song means analysing and interpreting recorded popular song. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate.
  • Orhan, A. H. (2002). 1960-2000 yılları arası “Anadolu pop/rock” olarak adlandırılan müzik kültürü. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Özkan, İ. H. (2006). Türk mûzikı̂si nazariyatı ve usûlleri: Kudüm velveleleri. İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat.
  • Randel, D. (2003). Modality. The Harvard dictionary of music. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Skoog, G. (2012). On strange shepherds, golden microphones, and electric guitars: genre, scene, and the rise of anadolu pop in the republic of turkey. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Washington, Seattle.
  • Stephenson, K. (2002). What to listen for in rock a stylistic analysis. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Stuessy, J., ve Lipscomb, S. (1990). Rock and roll: Its history and stylistic development. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
  • Tansuğ, F. (1999). Turkish Popular Music: The Political Economy of Change. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). University of Maryland, Maryland.
  • Van der Merwe, P. (1989). Origins of the popular style: the antecedents of twentieth-century popular music. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

The Musical Style of Anadolu Rock in the Formative Period (1965-1975)

Year 2024, Issue: 24, 152 - 169, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.1374925

Abstract

This study presents the analyses of songs released between 1965 and 1975 by Anadolu Rock artists Erkin Koray, Cem Karaca, and Barış Manço. Anadolu Rock, which emerged in the 1960s in Turkey, created an opportunity for the development of a distinctive musical style. This style is a fusion of American Rock 'n' Roll and traditional Turkish makam music. The compositions often feature major, minor, and phrygian modes, exhibiting characteristics of makam music. Additionally, each artist frequently incorporates specific rhythmic patterns into their melodies. Early lyrics within Anadolu Rock consist of 7, 8, and 11 syllables, often adhering to syllabic meter similar to those found in folk poetry. So, the original song lyrics are also composed using a syllabic meter commonly found in folk poetry. Due to its association with makam music, Anatolian rock possesses a unique modal structure that distinguishes it harmonically from its Western counterparts. Although the I, IV, and V chords in major modality might resemble Blues and Rock 'n' Roll in form, it's notable that the harmonic progression does not adhere to specific chord patterns. In minor modality, both the V-i cadence and the bVII-i cadences are employed, while in phrygian modality, the bII-i and bVII-i cadences are utilized.

References

  • Adorno, T. (1990) On popular music. S. Frith and A. Goodwin (Eds.), in On record, rock, pop and the written word (pp. 256-267). London: Routledge.
  • Alpar, A. (2014). Türk pop müziği kültüründe Anadolu rock müziği temsilcileri ve kullanılan halk türkülerinin analizi. (Unpublished master’s thesis). İnönü Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Malatya.
  • Aya, G. (1998). Bir Cem Karaca kitabı. İstanbul: Ada.
  • Aya, G. ve Tireli, M. (1998). Bir Erkin Koray kitabı. İstanbul: Ada.
  • Baysal, O. (2018). Reconsidering “Anadolu Pop”, Rock Music Studies, 5:3, 205-219.
  • Brackett, D. (1995). Interpreting popular music. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brackett, D. (1999). Music. B. Horner and T. Swiss (Eds.), in Key terms in popular music and culture (pp. 124-140). Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.
  • Canbazoğlu, C. (2009). Kentin türküsü: Anadolu Pop-Rock. İstanbul: Pan.
  • Dilmener, N. (2014). Bak bir varmış bir yokmuş: hafif Türk pop tarihi. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Everett, W. (2009). The foundations of rock from "Blue suede shoes" to "Suite: Judy blue eyes". Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Fabbri, F. (1981). A theory of musical genres: two applications. In D. Horn and P. Tagg (Eds.), Popular music perspectives, IASPM, Exeter, 52-81.
  • Güner, B.B. (2015). Anadolu Rock’ta Melodik, Armonik ve Ritmik Yapı: 1965-1975. (Unpublished master’s thesis). İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Hyer, B. (2008). Tonality. T. Christensen (Ed.), in The Cambridge history of Western music theory (pp. 726-752). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Judkins, J. (2011). Style. T. Gracyk and A. Kania (Eds.), in The Routledge Companion to Philosophy and Music (pp.134-143). New York: Routledge.
  • Karakaya, K. (2014). Anadolu rock müziğinin oluşum ve gelişim sürecinin değerlendirilmesi. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Edirne.
  • Meriç, M. (1999). Türkiye’de popüler batı müziğinin 75 yıllık seyrine bir bakış. Cumhuriyet'in Sesleri. İstanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı.
  • Meriç, M. (2015) Hoşça kal, Birgün gazetesi 15 mart 2015 http://www.birgun.net/news/view/hoscakal/15117
  • Merwe, P. (1989). Origins of the popular style: The antecedents of twentieth-century popular music. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Middleton, R. (1990). Studying popular music. England: Open University Press.
  • Moore, A. (2001). Rock, the primary text: Developing a musicology of rock. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate.
  • Moore, A. (2003). Analyzing popular music. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Moore, A. (2012). Song means analysing and interpreting recorded popular song. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate.
  • Orhan, A. H. (2002). 1960-2000 yılları arası “Anadolu pop/rock” olarak adlandırılan müzik kültürü. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Özkan, İ. H. (2006). Türk mûzikı̂si nazariyatı ve usûlleri: Kudüm velveleleri. İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat.
  • Randel, D. (2003). Modality. The Harvard dictionary of music. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Skoog, G. (2012). On strange shepherds, golden microphones, and electric guitars: genre, scene, and the rise of anadolu pop in the republic of turkey. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Washington, Seattle.
  • Stephenson, K. (2002). What to listen for in rock a stylistic analysis. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Stuessy, J., ve Lipscomb, S. (1990). Rock and roll: Its history and stylistic development. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
  • Tansuğ, F. (1999). Turkish Popular Music: The Political Economy of Change. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). University of Maryland, Maryland.
  • Van der Merwe, P. (1989). Origins of the popular style: the antecedents of twentieth-century popular music. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Performing Arts (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burçin Bahadır Güner 0000-0002-6276-8264

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date October 12, 2023
Acceptance Date June 10, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Güner, B. B. (2024). The Musical Style of Anadolu Rock in the Formative Period (1965-1975). Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance(24), 152-169. https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.1374925
AMA Güner BB. The Musical Style of Anadolu Rock in the Formative Period (1965-1975). Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance. June 2024;(24):152-169. doi:10.31722/ejmd.1374925
Chicago Güner, Burçin Bahadır. “The Musical Style of Anadolu Rock in the Formative Period (1965-1975)”. Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance, no. 24 (June 2024): 152-69. https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.1374925.
EndNote Güner BB (June 1, 2024) The Musical Style of Anadolu Rock in the Formative Period (1965-1975). Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance 24 152–169.
IEEE B. B. Güner, “The Musical Style of Anadolu Rock in the Formative Period (1965-1975)”, Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance, no. 24, pp. 152–169, June 2024, doi: 10.31722/ejmd.1374925.
ISNAD Güner, Burçin Bahadır. “The Musical Style of Anadolu Rock in the Formative Period (1965-1975)”. Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance 24 (June 2024), 152-169. https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.1374925.
JAMA Güner BB. The Musical Style of Anadolu Rock in the Formative Period (1965-1975). Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance. 2024;:152–169.
MLA Güner, Burçin Bahadır. “The Musical Style of Anadolu Rock in the Formative Period (1965-1975)”. Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance, no. 24, 2024, pp. 152-69, doi:10.31722/ejmd.1374925.
Vancouver Güner BB. The Musical Style of Anadolu Rock in the Formative Period (1965-1975). Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance. 2024(24):152-69.

Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance