Data Hiding Based on Frequency Domain Image Steganography

Year 2022, , 71 - 76, 31.10.2022

Abdiwahab Mohamed Abdirashid , Serdar Solak , Aditya Kumar Sahu

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1188597

Abstract

The rapid development in the field of communication and technology has led to a heavy increase in the data produced in digital environment, and the need to take various active security measures has arisen in the case of robust secured data and end-to-end transmission. In line with this need, widely used methods developed are Cryptography which scrambles the data to secure the information, and Steganography techniques aiming to conceal data in digital objects so third parties cannot detect the transmitted content. Image steganography techniques can be divided into two groups: spatial domain and transform domain. Spatial domain techniques embed messages directly in the intensity of the pixels, while the transform domains also known as frequency domain images are first transformed and then the message is embedded in the image. Many practices have been offered and developed in the literature to provide secure transmission of the data. In this paper, data-hiding techniques based on frequency domain image steganography has proposed. Among these techniques, the working principle of DFT has been explained, DCT and DWT techniques performed to embed and extract secret data. As a result of the proposed methods, it has been achieved to obtain the maximum data embedding capacity inthe cover image by minimizing the distortion in the stego image. It has been observed that the size and quality of the JPEG stego images have been obtained without deterioration after the data is hidden. The experimental results show successful extraction of the accurate secret message. Some good PSNR of ≈50 dB and SSIM results of the proposed methods can represent successful restoration for the same image.

Keywords

Information Security, DCT, DWT, DFT, Frequency Domain, Data Hiding

Frekans Alanı Görüntü Steganografisine Dayalı Veri Gizleme

Abstract

Internet ortamında, sağlam ve güvenli veri aktarımı söz konusu olduğunda, çeşitli aktif güvenlik önlemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu ihtiyaç doğrultusunda yaygın olarak, şifreleme ve veri gizleme teknikleri kullanılır. Şifreleme veriyi anlaşılmayacak şekilde karıştırırken, veri gizleme ise verinin varlığını anlaşılmayacak şekilde gizlemektir. Veri gizleme işleminde görüntülere veri gizlenmesi, Görüntü Steganografisi olarak bilinir. Görüntü steganografinde kullanılan teknikler uzamsal alan ve dönüşüm alanı iki grupta incelenir. Uzamsal alan teknikleri, gizlenecek bilgileri doğrudan piksellere yerleştirirken, frekans alan tekniklerinde dönüşüm işlemi gerçekleştirilir ve bilgi gizlemesi yapılır. Makalede, frekans dönüşüm alanına dayalı veri gizleme teknikleri kullanılmaktadır. Gizli verileri gömmek ve çıkarmak için DCT ve DWT teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Önerilen yöntemler sonucunda stego görüntüdeki bozulmayı en aza indirerek kapak görüntüsünde maksimum veri gömme kapasitesi elde edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar, gizli bilginin başarılı bir şekilde doğru olarak çıkarıldığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca önerilen yöntemlerin PSNR değeri ortalama 50 dB’in üzerinde olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

Bilgi Güvenliği, DCT, DWT, DFT, Frekans Uzayı, Veri Gizleme.

References

• Sahu, A. K., & Sahu, M. (2020). Digital image steganography and steganalysis: A journey of the past three decades. Open Computer Science, 10(1), 296-342».
• Johnson, N. F., & Jajodia, S. (1998). Exploring steganography: Seeing the unseen. Computer, 31(2), 26-34».
• Cox, I., Miller, M., Bloom, J., Fridrich, J., & Kalker, T. (2007). Digital watermarking and steganography. Morgan kaufmann».
• Hussain, M., Wahab, A. W. A., Idris, Y. I. B., Ho, A. T., & Jung, K. H. (2018). Image steganography in spatial domain: A survey. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 65, 46-66».
• SOLAK, S., & ALTINIŞIK, U. (2021). Image Steganography-Based GUI Design to Hide Agricultural Data. Gazi University Journal of Science, 34(3), 748-763».
• Sahu, A. K., & Swain, G. (2019). A novel multi stego-image based data hiding method for gray scale image. Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 27(2), 753-768». Solak, S., "High Embedding Capacity Data Hiding Technique Based on EMSD and LSB Substitution Algorithms," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 166513-166524, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3023197».
• Mandal, P. C., Mukherjee, I., Paul, G., & Chatterji, B. N. (2022). Digital Image Steganography: A Literature Survey. Information Sciences».
• Uzun, M., Solak, S. (2022), GÖRÜNTÜ STEGANOGRAFİSİNDE YAYGIN KULLANILAN VERİ GİZLEME TEKNİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 10(3), 816-830».
• Solak, S., & Altınışık, U. (2019). Image steganography based on LSB substitution and encryption method: adaptive LSB+ 3. Journal of Electronic Imaging, 28(4), 043025».
• Sahu, A. K., & Swain, G. (2019). A novel multi stego-image based data hiding method for gray scale image. Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 27(2), 753-768».
• Liao, X., Li, K., & Yin, J. (2017). Separable data hiding in encrypted image based on compressive sensing and discrete fourier transform. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76(20), 20739-20753».
• Chan, Y. K., Chen, W. T., Yu, S. S., Ho, Y. A., Tsai, C. S., & Chu, Y. P. (2009). A HDWT-based reversible data hiding method. Journal of Systems and Software, 82(3), 411-421».
• Mstafa, R. J., Elleithy, K. M., & Abdelfattah, E. (2017). A robust and secure video steganography method in DWT-DCT domains based on multiple object tracking and ECC. IEEE access, 5, 5354-5365».
• Chu, R., You, X., Kong, X., & Ba, X. (2004, May). A DCT-based image steganographic method resisting statistical attacks. In 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (Vol. 5, pp. V-953). IEEE». Abdel-Aziz, M. M., Hosny, K. M., & Lashin, N. A. (2021). Improved data hiding method for securing color images. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 80(8), 12641-12670.
• Hamidi, M., Haziti, M. E., Cherifi, H., & Hassouni, M. E. (2018). Hybrid blind robust image watermarking technique based on DFT-DCT and Arnold transform. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 77(20), 27181-27214».
• Shakir, H. R. (2019). An image encryption method based on selective AES coding of wavelet transform and chaotic pixel shuffling. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 78(18), 26073-26087».
• Konyar, M. Z., & Solak, S. (2021). Efficient data hiding method for videos based on adaptive inverted LSB332 and secure frame selection with enhanced Vigenere cipher. Journal of Information Security and Applications, 63, 103037».