Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Civil Engineering: Current Practises and Regulations

Abstract

Lately, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been widely preferred in construction industry, and their applications are changing the way construction companies work. Yet, the productivity gap between manufacturing and construction is very high. With the help of UAV’s, construction productivity can be developed. UAV’s has may benefits for the civil engineering discipline and many various applications from inspection of any on-site activity to personal safety operations in construction projects. Site progress can be easily tracked by them and furthermore surveying can be done very fast withous having people at site where might be dangerous. Eventhough current practices of UAV’s use are limited, in the near future this will change not only in construction industry. Drones are gaining popularity not only locally but globally among the stakeholders including clients, contractors and consultant engineers for assessing complex and and detailed situations. Use of UAV’s enables project management professionals understand the problems,making decisions fast and taking required immediate actions. However, state and local regulations are limiting their usages and efficiencies. Construction companies must be aware of the regulations and risks in order to apply UAV technology to their projects. This paper aims to investigate the current practices of UAVs in construction industry by revieweing the publishes academic papers. Furthermore the different regulations set regarding use of drones in different countries different countries and regions such as USA, EU,China and Turkey are also investigated. This research also comprises some legal recommendations to the Turkish authorities which might be beneficial to establish a solid structure for UAV’s.

Keywords

• UAVs
• construction
• regulations
• Turkish regulations
• comparison

İnşaat Mühendisliğinde İnsansız Hava Araçları: Mevcut Düzenlemeler ve Uygulamalar

Öz

Son zamanlarda, İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) inşaat endüstrisinde yaygın olarak tercih edilmiştir ve uygulamaları inşaat şirketlerinin çalışma şeklini değiştirmektedir. Ancak, üretim ve inşaat arasındaki verimlilik açığı çok yüksektir. UAV’lerin yardımıyla, inşaat verimliliği geliştirilebilir. İHA inşaat mühendisliği disiplini ve şantiye faaliyetlerinin denetlenmesinden inşaat projelerinde kişisel güvenlik operasyonlarına kadar birçok uygulama için fayda sağlayabilir. Sahadaki ilerlemeler onlar tarafından kolayca izlenebilir ve ayrıca sahadaki kişilerin tehlikeli olabileceği yerlerde bulunan kişilerle çok hızlı bir şekilde araştırma yapılabilir. Nihayet UAV’ın kullanımına ilişkin uygulamalar sınırlıdır, ancak yakın gelecekte bu sadece inşaat sektöründe değişmeyecektir. Dronlar, hem yerel hem de global olarak, karmaşık ve ve detaylı durumları değerlendirmek için müşteriler, müteahhitler ve danışman mühendisler dahil paydaşlar arasında popülerlik kazanıyor. UAV’lerin kullanımı, proje yönetimi uzmanlarının sorunları anlamasını, kararları hızlı bir şekilde almasını ve gerekli acil önlemleri almasını sağlar. Bununla birlikte, eyalet düzenlemeleri ve yerel düzenlemeler kullanımlarını ve verimliliklerini sınırlamaktadır. İnşaat şirketleri, İHA teknolojisini projelerine uygulamak için düzenlemelerin ve risklerin farkında olmalıdır. Bu makale, İHA'ların inşaat sektöründeki güncel uygulamalarını yayınlayarak akademik makaleleri inceleyerek incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, farklı ülkelerde dronların kullanımıyla ilgili farklı düzenlemeler ABD, AB, Çin ve Türkiye gibi farklı ülke ve bölgelerde de incelenmektedir. Bu araştırma aynı zamanda, Türk makamlarına İHA’lar için sağlam bir yapı oluşturmada faydalı olabilecek bazı yasal öneriler de içermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İHA
• inşaat
• Türk düzenlemeleri
• karşılaştırma

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