Serbest Dolaşan Tavuk, Hindi ve Ördek Civcivlerinde Görülen Felç ve Ölümlerin Etiyolojik Araştırması

Year 2021, Issue: 32, 588 - 594, 31.12.2021

Bilge Kaan Tekelioğlu , Osman Barış Derici , Utku Yusuf Çizmecigil Mehmet Çelik , Aydın Gürel Özge Erdoğan Bamaç , Nuri Turan Özge Aydın , Hüseyin Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1045575

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, bir serbest dolaşan kanatlı hayvan aile işletmesinde bulunan tavuk, ördek ve hindi civcivlerinde arasında felç, sinir sistemi bozuklukları ve ölümlerin etiyolojisi araştırılmıştır. Hastalık hikayesinde hayvanlarda görülen sinirsel bulguların civcivlerin işletmeye gelişlerinden sonraki 11 ila 12. günleride başladığı, 2 ila 3. günlerde ölümlerin görüldüğü bildirilmiştir. Ölüm nedenlerinin saptanabilmesi ve etiyolojik inceleme için felçli ve ölüme yakın halde olan 6 tavuk, 12 ördek ve 21 hindi yavrusu ile yem örnekleri incelenmek üzere kurumumuza gönderilmiştir. Her hayvan grubundan felçli ve ölen hayvanlardan 1’er adet olmak üzere toplam 6 hayvana nekropsi yapılmış ve kullanılan yemlerden örnekler alınmıştır. Klinik semptomlar ve nekropsi bulgularına göre, zehirlenme, beslenme bozukluğu ve New Castle (ND) hastalığından şüphe edilmiştir. Örnekleme yapılan böbrek, karaciğer, bağırsak, beyin, akciğer ve kalp dokuları histopatolojik ve RT-PCR ile virolojik olarak incelenmiştir. Yem analizleri atomik absorpsiyon spektrofotometresi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Yem örneklerinde, Bakır (Cu), Çinko (Zn), Demir (Fe), Kurşun (Pb), Kadmiyum (Cd), Mangan (Mn) ve Selenyum (Se) miktarları araştırılmıştır. Sonuç; RT-PCR ile New Castle hastalığı virüsü (NDV) Avian Paramyxovirus Tip-1’e ait viral RNA saptanamamıştır. Histopatolojik incelemede enfeksiyöz etkenlere bağlı bir hastalık izine rastlanılmamıştır ve kas ve sinir dokusunda harabiyet ile beyin dokusunda erime nekrozu saptanmıştır. Atomik absorpsiyon spektrofotometresi sonuçlarında selenyum miktarının olması gereken değerlerden çok düşük olduğu, ayrıca insan ve hayvanlara gıda yoluyla geçerek birikim zehirlenmesi yapabilen metal miktarlarının ise kabul edilebilir değerlerde oldukları saptanmıştır. Elde edilen tüm bulgulara göre Se ve E vitamini yetersizliğine bağlı yetersiz beslenme ile ilişkili bir sorun olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır. Hayvanların diyetlerine Selenyum ve E vitamini eklenmesine karar verilmiş ve reçete edilerek kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Diyet değişikliğinin 3. gününden itibaren hasta hayvanlarda iyileşme başlamış ve 7. Günden itibaren tam iyileşme gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

civciv, etiyolji, felç, ölüm, serbest dolaşan, selenyum

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma TED-2016-7674 kapsamında kısmen Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir, teşekkür ederiz.

Project Number

TED-2016-7674

Thanks

Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araşırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimine teşekkür ederiz.

Etiological Investigation of Paralysis and Mortality in Free-Ranging Chicken, Turkey and Duck Chicks

Abstract

In this study, the etiology of paralysis, nervous system disorders and deaths in chicken, duck and turkey chicks in a free-range poultry family enterprise was investigated. In the history of the disease, it has been reported that the neurological signs seen in the animals started on the 11th to 12th days after the chicks came to the farm, and deaths occurred on the 2nd to 3rd days. In order to determine the causes of death and for the etiological examination, 6 chickens, 12 ducks and 21 turkeys, which were paralyzed and near death situation, and feed samples were sent to our institution for investigation. Necropsies were performed on a total of 6 animals, one from each paralyzed and one dead animal from each animal group, and samples were taken from the feeds used. According to clinical symptoms and necropsy findings, poisoning, malnutrition and New Castle (ND) disease were suspected. Sampled kidney, liver, intestine, brain, lung and heart tissues were examined histopathologically and virologically, by RT-PCR. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer were used for feed analyzes. The amounts of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) were investigated in the feed samples. Conclusion; Viral RNA of New Castle disease virus (NDV) Avian Paramyxovirus Type-1 could not be detected by RT-PCR. In the histopathological examination, no traces of disease due to infectious agents were found and it was determined that there was destruction and degeneration in the muscle and nerve tissue and necrosis in the brain tissue. In the results of atomic absorption spectrophotometer, it has been determined that the amount of selenium is far below the required value, and the metal amounts that can cause accumulation poisoning by passing through food to humans and animals are at acceptable values. According to all the findings, it was concluded that the disease possibly related to the nutrition due to insufficiency of Se and vitamin E. It was decided to add selenium and vitamin E to the diets of animals and prescripted. From the 3rd day of the diet change, the sick animals started to heal and from the 7th day full recovery was observed.

Keywords

Chick, Etiology, Paralyse, Death, Fee-Range, Selenium.

Project Number

TED-2016-7674

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