Karaciğerde Detoksifikasyon

Year 2021, Issue: 32, 1156 - 1161, 31.12.2021

Emine Dıraman

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1049025

Abstract

Karaciğer, hayatın devamı için birçok fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal olayın meydana geldiği yerdir. Karaciğer içerisinde bir seri kompleks tepkime gerçekleşir ve zararlı rnaddeleri zehirsizleştirir. Bu olaya detoksifikasyon denir. Detoksifikasyon faz I ve faz II olarak iki basamakta gerçekleşir. Bu derlemede; karaciğerin detoksifikasyonunda etkili olan enzimler ve bu enzimlerin genlerle ilişkisi, inhibisyonu, indüksiyonu ve detoksifikasyonunun besinlerle etkileşimi araştırılarak sunulmuştur.

Keywords

Antioksidant, CytP450, detoksifikasyon, karaciğer

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Detoxification in Liver

Abstract

The liver is where physological and biochemical events occur for living. A series of complex chemical reaction occurs and detoxifies harmful substances in the liver. This event is called "detoxification". It realizes in two stages as phase I and phase II. It's represented by researching enzymes which effect liver detoxification and relevent with genes, inhibition, induction and effection with nutrients.

Keywords

Antioxidant, detoxification, liver, CyP450

Project Number

-

References

• Appelt, L.C. (1997). Soyfeeding Induces Phase II Enzymes in Rat Tissues, Nutr. Rev. 55:398- 400.
• Bandman, V.J. ve Holmans, P. (1997). Association of Slow Aceytylator Genotype for N-acetyletransferase 2 with Familial Parkinson's Disease. Lancet, 350, 1136-1139.
• Barch, D.H., ve Rundhaugen., L. (1994). Ellagic Acid Induces NADPH: Quinone Reductase Trough Activation of the Antioxidant Responsive Element of the Rat NADPH: Quinone Reductase Gene, Carcinogenesis, 15:2065-2068.
• Benet, L.Z., Kroetz, D.L. ve Sheiner, L.B. (1996). Pharmacokinetics: The Dynamics of Drug Absorbtion, Distrubution and Elemination, In: Molinoff, P.B, Ruddon, R.W. Goodman Gilman A, eds. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9. Baskı, NewYork, NY: Mc
• Blakeslee, D. (1998). The Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Systems. A Backround Briefing, American Medical Association. Graw, 3 -27 6.Bohinski, R.C. (1987). Modern Concepts in Biochemistry, Fifth edition, Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
• Curley, R.W., Humphries K..A., Koolemans-Beyna, A., Abou Issa, H.ve Webb, T.E. (1994). Activity of D-Glucarate Analogues: Synergistic Antiproliferative Effects with Retinoid in Cultured Human Mammary Tümör Cells Appear to Specifically Require the D-Glucarate Stracture, Life Sci, 54(18), 1299-303.
• Daly AK., Cholerton, S., Gregory, W. ve Idle, J.R. (1993). Metabolic Polimorplıisms, .Pharmac Ther, 57(2-3):129-60.
• Darley-Usmar, V. ve Halliwell, B. (1989). Blood Radicals: Reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, transition metal ions and the vascular system. Pharm. Res, 13, 649-662
• Feldman, EB. (1997). How Grapefruit Juice Potantiates Drug Bioavailabity. Nutr. Rev., 55:398-400.
• Gamble, S. C., Wiseman A. ve Goldfarbb, P.S. (1997). Selenium Dependent Glutathione Peroxidase and Other Selenoproteins: Their Synthesis and Biochemical Roles. J.Chem. Tech. Biothechnol, 68, 123-134.
• Ghosheh, O. ve Hawes, E.M.. (2002). N-glucuronidation of Nicotine and Cotinine in Human: Formation of Cotinine Glucuronide in Liver Microsomes and Lack of Catalysis by 10 examined UDP Glucuronosyltransferases., Drug. Metab. Dispos. Sep, 30,9, 991 -996.
• Gözükara, E. M., (2001). Biyokimya, Cilt 2, 4.Baskı, Nobel Kitabevleri
• Guengerich F.P.,(1984). Effects of Nutritive Factors on Metabolic Processes Involving Bioactivation and Detoxification of Chenıicals, Ann. Rev .Nutr., 4, 207-231.
• Gutteridge, J.M. ve Halliwell, B. (2000). Free radicals and antioxidants in the year 2000 a historical look to the future. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Review, 899, 136-47.
• Halliwell, B. ve Gutteridge, J. M. (1989). Free radicals in biology and medicine. Clarendon Press Oxford. UK, Clarendon press
• Halliwell, B. ve Anımoa, O. I. (1991). DNA damage by oxygen drived species. Its mechanisms and measurement in mammalian species. FEBS Lett., 281, 9-19.
• He, Z.X., Chen, X.W., Zhou, Z.W., Zhou, S.F. (2015). “Impact of physiological, pathological and environmental factors on the expression and activity of human cytochrome P450 2D6 and implications in precision medicine”, Drug Metab Rev., 1–50.
• Iafbovici, D. (1997). Single Blood Test might Predict Drug’s Effects on Patients. J NIH Res; 9,34-45.
• Kall, M.A. ve Clausen J. (1995). Dietary effect on mixed function P4501A2 activity assayed by estimation of caffeine metabolism in man, Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 14, 801–807.
• Kumar, G.N., Rodrigues, A.D., Buko, A.M., ve Denissen, J.F. (1996). Cyt P450 Mediated Metabolism of the HIV-1Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir in Human Liver Microsomes, J. Pham. Exp. Therapeutics, 277 (l);423-431.
• Lehninger A.L. (1982). Principles of Biochemistry. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Worth Publishers, İnc. 12
• Liska, D.J. (1998). The detoxification enzyme systems. Altern. Med. Rev, 3:3, 187-198.
• Manson, M.M., Ball, H.V.L., Barret, M.C.,Clark H.L., Judah D.J., Williamson G. ve Neal G.E. (1997). Mechanismof Action of Dietaty Chemoprotective Agents in Rat Liver: Induction of Phase I and Phase II Drug Metabolising Enzymes and Aflatoxin Bl Metabolism, Carcinogenesis, 18, 1729-1738
• Mathews, C.K., Vanholde, K.E.V ve Aham, K.G. (2000). Biochemistry,3.ed,Longman Inc.
• Maxwell, R.J.S. (1991). Prospects for the use of antioxdiants therapies. Drugs, 49:3, 345-361.
• Meyer, U.A., Zanger, U.M., Skoda, R.C., Grant D. ve Blum M. (1990). Genetic Polymorphisms of Drug Metabolism. Prog Liver Dis., 9, 307-323.
• Miehiels, C., Raes, M., Toussaint. & Ramacle, J. (1994). Importance of Se-GPX, Catalase and Cu-Zn-SOD for Cell Survival Against, Additative stres. Free rad. Biol. Med. 17, 235-248.
• Milne, B.D. (1999). Trace Elements. In: Burtis, C.A. ve Aslwood, E.R. Eds. Tietz. Text Book of Clinical Chemistry. W.B. Founders Company 3.Baskı, Phyladelphia, 1043-1044.
• Pantuck, E.J., Pantuck C.B., Garland W. A., Min B.H.,Wattenberg L.W., Anderson K…Conney A. (1979). Stimulatory Effect of Brussels Sprouts and Cabbage on Human Drug Metabolism., Clin. Pharm. Ther., 25, 88-95.
• Park, B.K., Kıtterıngham N.R., Pırmohamed M. ve Tucker G.T. (1996). Relevance of Induction of Human Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Pharmacological and Toxicological Implications. Br J. Clin. Pharmacol, 41, 477-491.
• Rannug,A., Alexandrie, A.K., Persson, I. ve Ingelman-Sundberg M. (1995). Genetic Polymorphism of CytP450 lAl, D6, E1, Regulation and Toxicological Significance J. Occupational Environ., Med, 37;25-36.
• Rebbeck, T.R. (1997). Molecıılar Epidemiology of the Human Glutathione S-Transferase Genotypes GSTM1 and GSTT1 in Cancer Susceptibility, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Prevention,6(9),733-743.
• Schubert,W., Cuilberg, G, Edgar, B. ve Hedner, T. (1994). Inhibition of 17B-Estradiol Metabolism by Grapefruit Juice in Ovariectomised Woman. Matııritas, 20:155-163.
• Sheriock, S. (2011). Diseases of the liver and biliary system. Blockwell Scientific Publications, 12. Baskı.
• Ulugöl, A., Karadağ, H., Dökmeci, D., Gündüz, Ö., Topuz, R. D. (2017). Farmakoloji, Nobel Tip Kitapevleri, İstanbul. 2017.
• Wacher,V.J., Wu, C.Y. ve Benet, L.Z. (1995). Overlapping Substrate Specifities and Tissue Distribution of cytP450 3A and P-Glycoprotein: Implications for Drug Delivery and Activity in Cancer Chemotheıaphy, Mol Carcinog,13, 129-134
• Vermeulen, N.P.E. (1996). Role of Metabolism in Chemical Toxicity, In:Ioannides, C.,ed., CytP450: Metabolic and Toxicological Aspects, Boca Raton, FL: CRC press, Inc, 29-53.
• Weaver, R.J., Blomme, E.A., Chadwick, A.E., Copple, I.M., Gerets,.H.H.J., Goldring, C.E., Guillouzo, A. ve Park, B.K. (2020). Managing the challenge of drug-induced liver injury: a roadmap for the development and deployment of preclinical predictive models. Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov., 19,131–148.
• Wickramage, I., Tennekoon, K.H., Ariyaratne, M.A.Y., Hewage, A.S. ve Sundralingam, H. (2017). “CYP2D6 polymorphisms may predict occurrence of adverse effects to tamoxifen: a preliminary retrospective study”, Breast Cancer - Targets and Therapy, 9:111-120.