Research Article
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The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 30.06.2021

Rafael Carvajal , Walter Salazar

https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.879945

Abstract

Soccer is an intermittent sport where high-intensity actions such as sprints, jumps, and change of direction (COD) can become determining factors of success. Strength and speed are essential physical qualities related to an athlete's COD ability. The influence of strength and speed training on COD performance has been examined in various sports. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combined strength and speed training program on COD performance in high-performance junior soccer players. The study was a randomized crossover trial designed to determine whether there is a difference in the COD test performance after treatment of strength and speed training. Eighteen soccer players were recruited from the same team and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. The players were evaluated in four various tests, the Illinois Agility Test, 30 meters speed test, 30 meters speed with a change of direction Test and, the 5RM submaximal strength Test. Four 2(Test) x 3(groups) ANOVAs with Tukey posthoc test were performed to detect any statistically significant differences between and within the training groups. An alpha-level of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. This study did not find significant improvements in the performance of the studied qualities speed (linear and COD) and, nor an increase in the strength test's performance linked to the treatment used at the end of the six weeks of combined treatment of strength and speed. Strength plus speed training can be used to improve strength during the competitive season.

Keywords

Change of direction Strength Speed Soccer Agility

References

  • Behm, D. G., Young, J. D., Whitten, J. H. D., Reid, J. C., Quigley, P. J., Low, J., Li, Y., Lima, C. D., Hodgson, D. D., Chaouachi, A., Prieske, O. & Granacher, U. (2017). Effectiveness of traditional strength vs. power training on muscle strength, power and speed with youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. 1-37. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00423.
  • Born, D.-P., Zinner, C., Düking, P. & Sperlich, B. (2016). Multi-directional sprint training improves change-of-direction speed and reactive agility in young highly trained soccer players. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 15(2), 314-319.
  • Bourgeois, F., Gamble, P., Gill, N. & McGuigan, M. (2017). Effects of a six-week strength training programme on change of direction performance in youth team sport athletes. Sports, 5(4), 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5040083.
  • Brito, J., Vasconcellos, F., Oliveira, J., Krustrup, P. & Rebelo, A. (2014). Short-term performance effects of three different low-volume strength-training programmes in college male soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 40(1), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0014.
  • Brughelli, M., Cronin, J., Levin, G., & Chaouachi, A. (2008). Understanding change of direction ability in sport. Sports medicine, 38(12), 1045-1063.
  • Castagna, C., D'Ottavio, S. & Abt, G. (2003). Activity profile of young soccer players during actual match play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(4), 775-780.
  • Chamari, K. (2005). Endurance training and testing with the ball in young elite soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(1), 24-28. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.009985.
  • Delaney, J. A., Scott, T. J., Ballard, D. A., Duthie, G. M., Hickmans, J. A., Lockie, R. G. & Dascombe, B. J. (2015). Contributing factors to change-of-direction ability in professional rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(10), 2688-2696. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000960.
  • Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Calderon Montero, F., Bachl, N. & Pigozzi, F. (2007). Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(3), 222-227. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924294.
  • Hammami, M., Negra, Y., Billaut, F., Hermassi, S., Shephard, R. J. & Chelly, M. S. (2018). Effects of lower-limb strength training on agility, repeated sprinting with changes of direction, leg peak power, and neuromuscular adaptations of soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001813.
  • Hojka, V., Stastny, P., Rehak, T., Gołas, A., Mostowik, A., Zawart, M. & Musálek, M. (2016). A systematic review of the main factors that determine agility in sport using structural equation modeling. Journal of Human Kinetics, 52(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0199.
  • Keiner, M., Sander, A., Wirth, K. & Schmidtbleicher, D. (2014). Long-term strength training effects on change-of-direction sprint performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(1), 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318295644b.
  • Little, T. & Williams, A. (2007). Effects of spritn duration an exercise: rest ratio or repeated sprint perfomance ans physiologicl responses in profesional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21, 2, 646-648.
  • Lockie, R. G., Schultz, A. B., Callaghan, S. J. & Jeffriess, M. D. (2014). The effects of traditional and enforced stopping speed and agility training on multidirectional speed and athletic function. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(6), 1538-1551. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000309.
  • Mathisen, G. E. & Pettersen, S. A. (2015). The effect of speed training on sprint and agility performance in 15-year-old female soccer players. LASE Journal of Sport Science, 6(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1515/ljss-2016-0006.
  • McMillan, K. (2005). Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(5), 273-277. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.012526.
  • Paul, D. J., Gabbett, T. J. & Nassis, G. P. (2016). Agility in team sports: Testing, training and factors affecting performance. Sports Medicine, 46(3), 421-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0428-2.
  • Raya, M. A., Gailey, R. S., Gaunaurd, I. A., Jayne, D. M., Campbell, S. M., Gagne, E., Manrique, P. G., Muller, D. G. & Tucker, C. (2013). Comparison of three agility tests with male service members: Edgren side step test, t-test, and illinois agility test. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 50(7), 951-960. https://doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2012.05.0096.
  • Raya-González, J., Suárez-Arrones, L., Moreno-Puentedura, M., Ruiz-Márquez, J. & Sáez de Villarreal, E. (2017). Efectos en el rendimiento físico a corto plazo de dos programas de entrenamiento neuromuscular con diferente orientación aplicados en jugadores de fútbol de élite U-17. [Short-term physical performance effects of two different neuromuscular oriented training programs on u-17 elite soccer players]. RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte, 13(48), 88-103. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2017.04801.
  • Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J. & Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 669-683. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120050.
  • Sharma, H. B. & Kailashiya, J. (2018). Effects of 6-week sprint-strength and agility training on body composition, cardiovascular, and physiological parameters of male field hockey players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(4), 894-901. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002212.
  • Tricoli, V., Lamas, L., Carnevale, R. & Ugrinowitsch, C. (2005). Short-term effects on lower-body functional power development: weightlifting vs.vertical jump training programs. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 433-437. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200505000-00032.
  • Young, W. B., Mcdowell, M. H. & Scarlett, B. J. (2001). Specificity of sprint and agility training methods. National Strength and Conditioning Association, 15(3), 315–319.
  • Zghal, F., Colson, S. S., Blain, G., Behm, D. G., Granacher, U. & Chaouachi, A. (2019). Combined resistance and plyometric training is more effective than plyometric training alone for improving physical fitness of pubertal soccer players. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1020, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01026.

The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 30.06.2021

Rafael Carvajal , Walter Salazar

https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.879945

Abstract

Soccer is an intermittent sport where high-intensity actions such as sprints, jumps, and change of direction (COD) can become determining factors of success. Strength and speed are essential physical qualities related to an athlete's COD ability. The influence of strength and speed training on COD performance has been examined in various sports. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combined strength and speed training program on COD performance in high-performance junior soccer players. The study was a randomized crossover trial designed to determine whether there is a difference in the COD test performance after treatment of strength and speed training. Eighteen soccer players were recruited from the same team and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. The players were evaluated in four various tests, the Illinois Agility Test, 30 meters speed test, 30 meters speed with a change of direction Test and, the 5RM submaximal strength Test. Four 2(Test) x 3(groups) ANOVAs with Tukey posthoc test were performed to detect any statistically significant differences between and within the training groups. An alpha-level of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. This study did not find significant improvements in the performance of the studied qualities speed (linear and COD) and, nor an increase in the strength test's performance linked to the treatment used at the end of the six weeks of combined treatment of strength and speed. Strength plus speed training can be used to improve strength during the competitive season.

Keywords

Change of direction Strength Speed Soccer Agility

References

  • Behm, D. G., Young, J. D., Whitten, J. H. D., Reid, J. C., Quigley, P. J., Low, J., Li, Y., Lima, C. D., Hodgson, D. D., Chaouachi, A., Prieske, O. & Granacher, U. (2017). Effectiveness of traditional strength vs. power training on muscle strength, power and speed with youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. 1-37. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00423.
  • Born, D.-P., Zinner, C., Düking, P. & Sperlich, B. (2016). Multi-directional sprint training improves change-of-direction speed and reactive agility in young highly trained soccer players. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 15(2), 314-319.
  • Bourgeois, F., Gamble, P., Gill, N. & McGuigan, M. (2017). Effects of a six-week strength training programme on change of direction performance in youth team sport athletes. Sports, 5(4), 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5040083.
  • Brito, J., Vasconcellos, F., Oliveira, J., Krustrup, P. & Rebelo, A. (2014). Short-term performance effects of three different low-volume strength-training programmes in college male soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 40(1), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0014.
  • Brughelli, M., Cronin, J., Levin, G., & Chaouachi, A. (2008). Understanding change of direction ability in sport. Sports medicine, 38(12), 1045-1063.
  • Castagna, C., D'Ottavio, S. & Abt, G. (2003). Activity profile of young soccer players during actual match play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(4), 775-780.
  • Chamari, K. (2005). Endurance training and testing with the ball in young elite soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(1), 24-28. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.009985.
  • Delaney, J. A., Scott, T. J., Ballard, D. A., Duthie, G. M., Hickmans, J. A., Lockie, R. G. & Dascombe, B. J. (2015). Contributing factors to change-of-direction ability in professional rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(10), 2688-2696. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000960.
  • Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Calderon Montero, F., Bachl, N. & Pigozzi, F. (2007). Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(3), 222-227. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924294.
  • Hammami, M., Negra, Y., Billaut, F., Hermassi, S., Shephard, R. J. & Chelly, M. S. (2018). Effects of lower-limb strength training on agility, repeated sprinting with changes of direction, leg peak power, and neuromuscular adaptations of soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001813.
  • Hojka, V., Stastny, P., Rehak, T., Gołas, A., Mostowik, A., Zawart, M. & Musálek, M. (2016). A systematic review of the main factors that determine agility in sport using structural equation modeling. Journal of Human Kinetics, 52(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0199.
  • Keiner, M., Sander, A., Wirth, K. & Schmidtbleicher, D. (2014). Long-term strength training effects on change-of-direction sprint performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(1), 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318295644b.
  • Little, T. & Williams, A. (2007). Effects of spritn duration an exercise: rest ratio or repeated sprint perfomance ans physiologicl responses in profesional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21, 2, 646-648.
  • Lockie, R. G., Schultz, A. B., Callaghan, S. J. & Jeffriess, M. D. (2014). The effects of traditional and enforced stopping speed and agility training on multidirectional speed and athletic function. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(6), 1538-1551. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000309.
  • Mathisen, G. E. & Pettersen, S. A. (2015). The effect of speed training on sprint and agility performance in 15-year-old female soccer players. LASE Journal of Sport Science, 6(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1515/ljss-2016-0006.
  • McMillan, K. (2005). Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(5), 273-277. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.012526.
  • Paul, D. J., Gabbett, T. J. & Nassis, G. P. (2016). Agility in team sports: Testing, training and factors affecting performance. Sports Medicine, 46(3), 421-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0428-2.
  • Raya, M. A., Gailey, R. S., Gaunaurd, I. A., Jayne, D. M., Campbell, S. M., Gagne, E., Manrique, P. G., Muller, D. G. & Tucker, C. (2013). Comparison of three agility tests with male service members: Edgren side step test, t-test, and illinois agility test. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 50(7), 951-960. https://doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2012.05.0096.
  • Raya-González, J., Suárez-Arrones, L., Moreno-Puentedura, M., Ruiz-Márquez, J. & Sáez de Villarreal, E. (2017). Efectos en el rendimiento físico a corto plazo de dos programas de entrenamiento neuromuscular con diferente orientación aplicados en jugadores de fútbol de élite U-17. [Short-term physical performance effects of two different neuromuscular oriented training programs on u-17 elite soccer players]. RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte, 13(48), 88-103. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2017.04801.
  • Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J. & Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 669-683. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120050.
  • Sharma, H. B. & Kailashiya, J. (2018). Effects of 6-week sprint-strength and agility training on body composition, cardiovascular, and physiological parameters of male field hockey players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(4), 894-901. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002212.
  • Tricoli, V., Lamas, L., Carnevale, R. & Ugrinowitsch, C. (2005). Short-term effects on lower-body functional power development: weightlifting vs.vertical jump training programs. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 433-437. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200505000-00032.
  • Young, W. B., Mcdowell, M. H. & Scarlett, B. J. (2001). Specificity of sprint and agility training methods. National Strength and Conditioning Association, 15(3), 315–319.
  • Zghal, F., Colson, S. S., Blain, G., Behm, D. G., Granacher, U. & Chaouachi, A. (2019). Combined resistance and plyometric training is more effective than plyometric training alone for improving physical fitness of pubertal soccer players. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1020, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01026.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Rafael Carvajal 0000-0001-5223-1044

Walter Salazar This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Acceptance Date April 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Carvajal, R., & Salazar, W. (2021). The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education, 3(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.879945
AMA Carvajal R, Salazar W. The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players. EJSSE. June 2021;3(1):1-11. doi:10.47778/ejsse.879945
Chicago Carvajal, Rafael, and Walter Salazar. “The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players”. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education 3, no. 1 (June 2021): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.879945.
EndNote Carvajal R, Salazar W (June 1, 2021) The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education 3 1 1–11.
IEEE R. Carvajal and W. Salazar, “The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players”, EJSSE, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2021, doi: 10.47778/ejsse.879945.
ISNAD Carvajal, Rafael - Salazar, Walter. “The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players”. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education 3/1 (June 2021), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.879945.
JAMA Carvajal R, Salazar W. The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players. EJSSE. 2021;3:1–11.
MLA Carvajal, Rafael and Walter Salazar. “The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players”. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education, vol. 3, no. 1, 2021, pp. 1-11, doi:10.47778/ejsse.879945.
Vancouver Carvajal R, Salazar W. The Combined Effect of Strength and Speed Training on Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players. EJSSE. 2021;3(1):1-11.
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