Creating Varieties of The Perennial Cereal Grasses by The Polycross Method in Northern Kazakhstan

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 30 - 35, 01.01.2016

Nadezhda Filippova

Abstract

In Kazakhstan fodder crops in arable land are mainly perennial grasses, for example wheatgrass, Psathyrostachys juncea, smooth brome and different types of blue grass. Depending on the conditions of the region’s sharply continental climate, development work is carried out to create new varieties of wheatgrass and smooth brome of a hay type with high drought resistance, winter hardiness, a high forage seeds yield and high quality as feed and resistance to disease. In the Barayev Сentre the traditional and modern emerging techniques are used in developing grasses such as creating complex hybrid populations, including synthetic populations by the use of the polycross method. In the polycross nursery the nine best examples of clones of broadeared wheatgrass and eight best clones of smooth brome were selected. The obtained polycross hybrids were evaluated according to the following criteria: combining ability in terms of green mass yield, dry matter and seeds, crude protein content, drought resistance, hardiness, plant height and herbage vigour. After the analysis of combining ability the synthetic populations were formed: 5 components were included in a synthetic wheatgrass (K-1027, K-418, K-1029, K-1024, K-1043), and 4 components in a smooth brome (K-681, K-621, K-712, K-641). Synthetic populations of broad-eared wheat grass variety Shortandinsky shirokokolosy and a smooth brome variety named Ishimsky Yubileiny were transferred to the Kazakhstan state variety testing center in 2005-2007. Recently, these varieties have been released in the regions of northern Kazakhstan

Keywords

wheatgrass, smooth brome, polycross method, clone, combining ability, synthetic population

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