Variability for Phenological Traits and Fruit Yield Attributes in Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa) Cultivars under Semi-Arid Conditions

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 119 - 125, 01.08.2023

Mukesh Kumar Sushil Sharma Manoj Kumar Amarjeet Nıbhorıa Bijender Singh Yadav

Abstract

The study on evaluation of bael cultivars for phenology, fruit set, fruit drop, fruit shape and fruit yield was conducted at
Experimental Orchard, CCS HAU, Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari). Among phenological parameters, leaf
bud burst was recorded earliest (30 April) in NB 16, while it was late (12 May) in NB 5. The initiation of flowering was
recorded earliest (19 June) in NB 5, while it was late (12 July) in NB 17. Time taken for expansion of leaf in different
genotypes ranged from 67 days (NB 5) to 85 days (NB 16). Flowering to fruit setting took less time (45 days) in CISHB 2,
however, it took more time (63 days) in NB 9. Time taken from fruit setting to fruit maturity was observed least (224 days)
in NB 16. It was at par with NB 17 (229 days) and Pant Aparna (229 days), while maximum time taken from fruit setting
to fruit maturity (242 days) was recorded in NB 5. Time taken to complete leaf fall was recorded minimum (336 days) in
CISHB 1. However, maximum time taken to complete leaf fall (345 days) was recorded in NB 5. The range of fruit set
per cent varied from 11.48 % (Pant Sujata) to 18.35 % (NB 17). Fruit drop among different cultivars ranged from 88.33
to 92.67 %. It was lowest in NB 5 and highest in Pant Aparna. Fruit apex and base of cultivars varied as shallow, flattened
and depressed, whereas shape varied as round, ovate, globose and elliptical.

Keywords

Bael (Aegle marmelos), fruit crack, fruit drop, fruit shape, germplasm, phenology, yield

References

• Anonymous, (2021). India statistics 2020-21. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt of India (www.indiastat.com).
• Anonymous, (2023). Package and practice of horticultural crops. CCS HAU, Hisar.
• Arya RK, Pawan Kumar, Dahiya GS, Sutaliya JM, Ravi Kumar and Chhabra AK, (2021). Medicinal garden at a glance (Publication No. CCSHAU/ PUB#21-053), MAP Section, CCS HAU, Hisar.
• Choi JH, Lee B, Gu M, Lee UY, Kim MS, Jung SK and Choi HS, (2020). Course of fruit cracking in ‘Whansan’ pears. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 61:51-59.
• Dahal KC, Sharma MD and Sapkota R, (2015). Fruit set, fruit retention and yield of chilli genotypes under hot and dry condition of western Terai of Nepal. J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 33-34:229.
• Dhaker M, Soni, AK, Yadav PK, Chandra A and Kumar H, (2013). Response of different levels of farm yard manure and born on growth and yield of bael (Aegle marmelos Correa). Asian J. Hort., 8(2):767-771.
• Fisher RA, (1958). Statistical methods for research workers, Ed. 10th Oliver and Boyd. Edinburg, London. p. 224.
• Jauhari OS, Singh RD and Awashi RK, (1969). Survey of some important varieties of bael (Aegle marmelos Correa). Punjab Hort. J.,9:48-53.
• Kumar M, Singh S and Yadav VK, (2013). Arid fruits: post-harvest handling and processing (Chapter published in: Emerging Science and technology for food, agriculture and environment ed by Kumar S, Yadav PK and Kumar S) p 435-448.
• Kumar M, Arya R, Kumar Manoj, Gaur RK and Sharma S, (2021). Evaluation of aonla varieties under semi-arid conditions of Haryana. Ekin, J. Crop Breed. Genetics.,7(2):139-144.
• Mazumdar R, Bhattacharya S, Mazumdar A, Pattnaik AK, Tiwary PM and Chaudhary S, (2006). Antidiarrhoeal evaluation of Aegle marmelos (Correa) Linn. root extract. Phytotherapy Research, 20:82-84.
• Misra KK, Singh R and Jaiswal HR, (2000). Performance of bael (Aegle marmelos Correa) genotypes under foot hills region of Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Agric.Sci.,70:682-683.
• Nagar S, Kumar M, Kumatkar RB, Sharma JR and Singh S, (2017). Evaluation of bael (Aegle marmelos Corr.) germplasms for seed and qualitative characters under semi-arid conditions of Haryana, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci., 5 (3):436- 442.
• Nagar S, Kumar M, Sharma JR, Baloda S and Godara RK, (2018). Bael germplasm evaluation for leaf and fruits pulp variability under south Haryana conditions, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci., 6 (1):959- 964.
• Panse VG and Sukatme PV, (1967). Statistical methods for agricultural workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. p.155. Ray PK, Rani R and Singh SK, (2002). Sex ratio and fruit set pattern in 10 litchi cultivars. Progress. Hortic., 34:17-21.
• Sharma N and Dubey W, (2013). History and Taxonomy of Aegle marmelos: A Review. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci., 1(6): 7-13.
• Singh AK, Singh S, Apparao VV, Mesh Ram DT, Bagle BG and Dhandar DG, (2006). Studies on floral biology of bael (Aegle marmelos Correa) under semi-arid ecosystem. In proceeding: National Symposium on Production, Utilization and Export of Underutilized Fruits with Commercial Potentialities, 22-24 November 2006, B.C.KV. p-31.
• Singh AK, Singh S, Joshi HK, Bagle BG and More TA, (2008). Evaluation of bael genotypes for growth behavior and floral traits under semi-arid ecosystem of western India. Hort. J., 21(30): 140-142.
• Singh AK, Singh S, Singh RS, Bagle, BG and Sharma BD, (2011). The bael fruit for dryland. Technical Bulletin No 38 published from Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Godhra (Gujrat) Regional Station of Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner.
• Singh S and Singh AK, (2005). Genetic variability in jamun (Syzygium cumini) in Gujrat, Progress. Hortic., 37:44-48.
• Srivastava KK and Singh HK, (2000). Floral biology of bael (Aegle marmelos) cultivars. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 70(11):797-798.
• Uniyal S and Misra KK, (2013). Study on the kinetics and causes of fruit drop in bael (Aegle marmelos Correa). Ann. Agri. Bio. Res., 18(2):214-218. Wani IA, Sheikh FA and Bhat MY, (2015). Genetic diversity among indigenous pomegranate (Punica granatum) accessions collected from Kashmir valley. Int. J. Current Sci. Res., 1(4): 53-66.