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İLKÖĞRETİM ÖĞRENCİLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ZORBALIK KARŞITI PROGRAM UYGULAMASI: OKULU ZORBALIKTAN ARINDIRMA PROGRAMI

Year 2007, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 207 - 227, 14.01.2013

Hülya Kartal Asude Bilgin

Abstract

Günümüzde artık pek çok ilköğretim öğrencisi için okul güvenli bir yer değildir. Öyle ki, çocukların bir kısmı günlerini zorbalardan korkarak geçirirler. Bu çocuklar kantin, tuvalet veya oyun bahçesine gitmekten korkarlar çünkü orada zorbalar tarafından (daha önce – önceden) rahatsız edilmişlerdir. Zorbalık güçlerdeki dengesizlikle ortaya çıkan bir tür saldırgan davranıştır. Zorbalıkta baskın kişi(ler) kasıtlı olarak ve tekrarlı biçimde daha az baskın olan kişiye zarar verir(ler). Bu saldırgan davranış, fiziksel olarak (örneğin; tekmeleme, vurma) veya sözel olarak (örneğin; isim takma) gerçekleşebilir. Doğrudan veya dolaylı olabilir. Zorbalığın en önemli uzun dönemli etkisi şiddet ve gücün yanlış kullanımıdır. İlköğretimdeki zorbalık davranışı ile ilerleyen yıllarda ortaya çıkan suçluluk arasında yüksek bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Ancak erken dönemde yapılacak zorbalığı önleyici veya zorbalık karşıtı programlarla bu olumsuz etkiler en aza indirilebilir veya ortadan kaldırılabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da bir zorbalık karşıtı program uygulamasının ilköğretim öğrencileri üzerindeki etkiliğinin belirlenmesidir. Zorbalığın türü ve sıklığına, zorbalığa karşı yaptıklarına ve okul iklimine yönelik öğrenci görüşlerinde ön ve son testler arasında ortaya çıkan anlamlı ve olumlu değişiklikler kısa süreli ve sadece öğrenciye odaklanmış bir çalışmanın bile olumlu sonuçlar ortaya koyduğunu göstermektedir. Bu durum gelecek çalışmalar için umut verici olarak kabul edilebilir.

Keywords

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References

  • Anderson, C.A. & Bushman, B.J. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science, 295(5564): 2377-2379.
  • Behar, D., J. Hunt, A. Ricciuti, D. Stoff, and B. Vitiello. (1990). Subtyping aggression in children and adolescents. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 2: 189-192. http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/2/2/189 (10.03.2007 tarihinde erişilmiştir)
  • Beran, N.T. & Tutty, L. (2002). An Evaluation of the Dare to Care: Bully Proofing Your School Program, Final Report.. http://www.ucalgary.ca/resolve/files/dare_to_care.pdf (08.02.2006 tarihinde erişilmiştir )
  • Bernstesin, J.Y. & Watson, M.W. (1997). Children who are targets of bullying, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(4): 483-498.
  • Bidwell, N.M. (1997). The Nature and Prevalence of Bullying in Elementary Schools SSTA Research Centre Report.
  • Boulton, M. & Underwood, K. (1992). Bully/victim problems among middle school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62:73-87.
  • Byrne, B. (1994). Bullies and victims in a school setting with reference to some Dublin schools. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 15(4):574-586.
  • Buchanan, P. & Winzer, M. (2001). Bullying in schools: Children’s voices. International Journal of Special Education, 16(1): 67-79.
  • Carney, J.V. (2000). Bullied to Death: Perceptions of Peer Abuse and Suicidal Behaviour During Adolescence. School Psychology International, 21(2): 213-223.
  • Carney, A.G. & Merrell, K. W. (2001). Bullying in schools: Perspectives on understanding and preventing an international problem. School Psychology International, 22:364-382.
  • Connor, D.F. (1998). Over categorical aggression in referred children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 67(1):66-73.
  • Craig, W.M. & Pepler, D.J. (1997). Observations of bullying and victimization in the school yard. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 13:41-59.
  • Donaldson, E.L. (1999). A comparative study of educational policies and effective school-based strategies to reduce violence in schools: Canada, Finland and Scotland. In G. Malicky, B. Shapiro & K. Mazurek (Eds.) Building foundations for safe and caring schools: Research on disruptive behaviour and violence (pp. 199-220) Edmonton: Duval House.
  • Düzgün, E., Alibeyoğlu, M.C. ve Orhan, F. (2006). “Şiddete Karşı Farkındalık” Öğretim Programının Etkiliği ve Öğrenci Görüşleri. Bildiri Özeti. I. Şiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuğa Yönelik Şiddet ve Alınabilecek Tedbirler Sempozyumu, 28 - 31 Mart 2006, İstanbul.
  • Eslea, M. & Rees, J. (2001). What age are children most likely to be bullied at school? Agressive Behavior, 27(6):419-429.
  • Garrity, C., Jens, K., Porter, W., Sager, N. & Short-Camilli, C. et al. (2000). Bully- Proofing Your Elementary School, (2d ed.) . Longmont, Colorado: Sopris West.
  • Glover, D., Gough, G., Johnson, M. & Cartwright, N. (2000). Bullying in 25 secondary schools: Incidence, impact and intervention. Educational Research, 42(2):141-156
  • Griffin, R.S. & Gross, A.M. (2004). Childhood bullying: Current findings and future directions for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9: 379-400.
  • Hazler, R.J., Hoover, J.H. & Oliver, R. (1991). Student perceptions of victimization by bullies in school. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 29:143-150.
  • Merrell, J. (2001). Social support for victims of domestic violence, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 39(11):30-35.
  • Jarrett, O.S. (2001). Play during recess and the effect of recess on classroom behavior. Play, Policy & Practice Connections, 6 (1):11-17.
  • Juvonen, J., Graham, S. & Schuster, M.A. (2003). Bullying Among Young Adolescents: The Strong, the Weak and the Troubled, Pediatrics, 112(6): 1231-1237.
  • Kapcı, E.G. (2004). İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Zorbalığa Maruz Kalma Türünün ve Sıklığının Depresyon, Kaygı ve Benlik Saygısıyla İlişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 37(1):1-13.
  • Kepenekçi, Y. & Çınkır, Ş. (2006). Bullying among Turkish high school students. Child Abuse & Neglect. 30(2):193-204.
  • Marano, H.E. (1995). Big bad bully. Psychology Today, 28(5):50-68.
  • Olweus, D. (1987). Schoolyard bullying - Grounds for intervention. School Safety, Fall:4-11.
  • Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among school children : Basic facts and effects of a school based intervenyion program. In Pepler, D. & Rubin, K. (Eds.), The Development and Treatment of Child Agression (pp.411-448). Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
  • Olweus, D. (1992) Bullying among schoolchildren: intervention and prevention. In Peters, R. D. V., McMahon, R. J. & Quinsey, V. L. (eds) Aggression and Violence Throughout the Life Span. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, pp. 100–125.
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school – What we know and what we can do. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Olweus, D. (1994). Annotation: Bullying at school - Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(7): 1171-1190.
  • Olweus, D. (1999). In P. K. Smith, Y. Morita, J. Junger-Tas, D. Olweus, R. Catalano, & p. Slee (Eds.), The nature of school bullying: A cross national perspective (pp. 28-48). London: Routledge.
  • O’Moore, A.M. & Hillery, B. (1989). Bullying in Dublin schools. Irish Journal of Psychology, 10(3):426-441.
  • Pepler, D.J., Craig, W.M., Ziegler, S. & Charach, A. (1994). An evaluation of an anti-bullying intervention in Toronto schools. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 132(2):95-110.
  • Perry, D.G., Kusel, S.J. & Perry, L.C. (1988). Victims of peer agression. Developmental Psychology, 24(6):807-814.
  • Pişkin, M. (2006). Akran zorbalığı olgusunun ilköğretim öğrencileri arasındaki yaygınlığının incelenmesi. I. Şiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuğa Yönelik Şiddet ve Alınabilecek Tedbirler Sempozyumu, 28-31 Mart 2006, İstanbul.
  • Price, J. M., & Dodge, K. A. (1989). Reactive and proactive aggression in childhood: Relations to peer status and social context dimensions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17:455-471.
  • Rebecca S. Griffin, R.S. & Gross, A.M. (2004). Childhood bullying: Current empirical findings and future directions for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(4):379-400.
  • Rigby, K. (1997). Attitudes and beliefs about bullying among Australian school children. Irish Journal of Psychology, 18(2):202-220.
  • Roberts, M. (1988). Schoolyard menace. Psychology Today, 17(2):54-56.
  • Smith, P.K. (1991). The silent nigtmare: Bullying and victimization in school peer groups. The Psychologist, 4:243-248.
  • Smith, P.K., Madsen, K. & Moody, J. (1999). What causes the age decline in reports of being bullied at school? Towards a developmental analysis of risks of being bullied. Educational Research, 41(3):267-285.
  • Stevens, V., de Bourdeaudhuij, I, & Van Oost, P. (2000). Bullying in Flemish schools: an evaluation of anti-bullying interventions in primary and secondary schools. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70:195–210.
  • Uysal, A. (2006). Şiddet Karşıtı Programlı Eğitimin Öğrencilerin Çatışma Çözüm, Şiddete Eğilim ve Şiddet Davranışlarına Yansıması. Bildiri Özeti. I. Şiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuğa Yönelik Şiddet ve Alınabilecek Tedbirler Sempozyumu, 28 - 31 Mart 2006, İstanbul.
  • Withney, I. & Smith, P.K. (1993). A survey of the nature and extent of bullying injunior/middle and secondary schools. Educational Research, 35(1):3-25.
  • Yıldırım, S. (2001). Zorbalık, Aile Ortamı ve Popülarite Arasındaki İlişkiler. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara.
  • Zindi, F. (1994). Bullying at boarding school: a Zimbabwe study. Research in Education, 51:23-32.

Year 2007, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 207 - 227, 14.01.2013

Hülya Kartal Asude Bilgin

Abstract

Keywords

Bullying in elementary school anti-bullying program

References

  • Anderson, C.A. & Bushman, B.J. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science, 295(5564): 2377-2379.
  • Behar, D., J. Hunt, A. Ricciuti, D. Stoff, and B. Vitiello. (1990). Subtyping aggression in children and adolescents. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 2: 189-192. http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/2/2/189 (10.03.2007 tarihinde erişilmiştir)
  • Beran, N.T. & Tutty, L. (2002). An Evaluation of the Dare to Care: Bully Proofing Your School Program, Final Report.. http://www.ucalgary.ca/resolve/files/dare_to_care.pdf (08.02.2006 tarihinde erişilmiştir )
  • Bernstesin, J.Y. & Watson, M.W. (1997). Children who are targets of bullying, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(4): 483-498.
  • Bidwell, N.M. (1997). The Nature and Prevalence of Bullying in Elementary Schools SSTA Research Centre Report.
  • Boulton, M. & Underwood, K. (1992). Bully/victim problems among middle school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62:73-87.
  • Byrne, B. (1994). Bullies and victims in a school setting with reference to some Dublin schools. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 15(4):574-586.
  • Buchanan, P. & Winzer, M. (2001). Bullying in schools: Children’s voices. International Journal of Special Education, 16(1): 67-79.
  • Carney, J.V. (2000). Bullied to Death: Perceptions of Peer Abuse and Suicidal Behaviour During Adolescence. School Psychology International, 21(2): 213-223.
  • Carney, A.G. & Merrell, K. W. (2001). Bullying in schools: Perspectives on understanding and preventing an international problem. School Psychology International, 22:364-382.
  • Connor, D.F. (1998). Over categorical aggression in referred children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 67(1):66-73.
  • Craig, W.M. & Pepler, D.J. (1997). Observations of bullying and victimization in the school yard. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 13:41-59.
  • Donaldson, E.L. (1999). A comparative study of educational policies and effective school-based strategies to reduce violence in schools: Canada, Finland and Scotland. In G. Malicky, B. Shapiro & K. Mazurek (Eds.) Building foundations for safe and caring schools: Research on disruptive behaviour and violence (pp. 199-220) Edmonton: Duval House.
  • Düzgün, E., Alibeyoğlu, M.C. ve Orhan, F. (2006). “Şiddete Karşı Farkındalık” Öğretim Programının Etkiliği ve Öğrenci Görüşleri. Bildiri Özeti. I. Şiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuğa Yönelik Şiddet ve Alınabilecek Tedbirler Sempozyumu, 28 - 31 Mart 2006, İstanbul.
  • Eslea, M. & Rees, J. (2001). What age are children most likely to be bullied at school? Agressive Behavior, 27(6):419-429.
  • Garrity, C., Jens, K., Porter, W., Sager, N. & Short-Camilli, C. et al. (2000). Bully- Proofing Your Elementary School, (2d ed.) . Longmont, Colorado: Sopris West.
  • Glover, D., Gough, G., Johnson, M. & Cartwright, N. (2000). Bullying in 25 secondary schools: Incidence, impact and intervention. Educational Research, 42(2):141-156
  • Griffin, R.S. & Gross, A.M. (2004). Childhood bullying: Current findings and future directions for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9: 379-400.
  • Hazler, R.J., Hoover, J.H. & Oliver, R. (1991). Student perceptions of victimization by bullies in school. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 29:143-150.
  • Merrell, J. (2001). Social support for victims of domestic violence, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 39(11):30-35.
  • Jarrett, O.S. (2001). Play during recess and the effect of recess on classroom behavior. Play, Policy & Practice Connections, 6 (1):11-17.
  • Juvonen, J., Graham, S. & Schuster, M.A. (2003). Bullying Among Young Adolescents: The Strong, the Weak and the Troubled, Pediatrics, 112(6): 1231-1237.
  • Kapcı, E.G. (2004). İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Zorbalığa Maruz Kalma Türünün ve Sıklığının Depresyon, Kaygı ve Benlik Saygısıyla İlişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 37(1):1-13.
  • Kepenekçi, Y. & Çınkır, Ş. (2006). Bullying among Turkish high school students. Child Abuse & Neglect. 30(2):193-204.
  • Marano, H.E. (1995). Big bad bully. Psychology Today, 28(5):50-68.
  • Olweus, D. (1987). Schoolyard bullying - Grounds for intervention. School Safety, Fall:4-11.
  • Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among school children : Basic facts and effects of a school based intervenyion program. In Pepler, D. & Rubin, K. (Eds.), The Development and Treatment of Child Agression (pp.411-448). Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
  • Olweus, D. (1992) Bullying among schoolchildren: intervention and prevention. In Peters, R. D. V., McMahon, R. J. & Quinsey, V. L. (eds) Aggression and Violence Throughout the Life Span. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, pp. 100–125.
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school – What we know and what we can do. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Olweus, D. (1994). Annotation: Bullying at school - Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(7): 1171-1190.
  • Olweus, D. (1999). In P. K. Smith, Y. Morita, J. Junger-Tas, D. Olweus, R. Catalano, & p. Slee (Eds.), The nature of school bullying: A cross national perspective (pp. 28-48). London: Routledge.
  • O’Moore, A.M. & Hillery, B. (1989). Bullying in Dublin schools. Irish Journal of Psychology, 10(3):426-441.
  • Pepler, D.J., Craig, W.M., Ziegler, S. & Charach, A. (1994). An evaluation of an anti-bullying intervention in Toronto schools. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 132(2):95-110.
  • Perry, D.G., Kusel, S.J. & Perry, L.C. (1988). Victims of peer agression. Developmental Psychology, 24(6):807-814.
  • Pişkin, M. (2006). Akran zorbalığı olgusunun ilköğretim öğrencileri arasındaki yaygınlığının incelenmesi. I. Şiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuğa Yönelik Şiddet ve Alınabilecek Tedbirler Sempozyumu, 28-31 Mart 2006, İstanbul.
  • Price, J. M., & Dodge, K. A. (1989). Reactive and proactive aggression in childhood: Relations to peer status and social context dimensions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17:455-471.
  • Rebecca S. Griffin, R.S. & Gross, A.M. (2004). Childhood bullying: Current empirical findings and future directions for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(4):379-400.
  • Rigby, K. (1997). Attitudes and beliefs about bullying among Australian school children. Irish Journal of Psychology, 18(2):202-220.
  • Roberts, M. (1988). Schoolyard menace. Psychology Today, 17(2):54-56.
  • Smith, P.K. (1991). The silent nigtmare: Bullying and victimization in school peer groups. The Psychologist, 4:243-248.
  • Smith, P.K., Madsen, K. & Moody, J. (1999). What causes the age decline in reports of being bullied at school? Towards a developmental analysis of risks of being bullied. Educational Research, 41(3):267-285.
  • Stevens, V., de Bourdeaudhuij, I, & Van Oost, P. (2000). Bullying in Flemish schools: an evaluation of anti-bullying interventions in primary and secondary schools. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70:195–210.
  • Uysal, A. (2006). Şiddet Karşıtı Programlı Eğitimin Öğrencilerin Çatışma Çözüm, Şiddete Eğilim ve Şiddet Davranışlarına Yansıması. Bildiri Özeti. I. Şiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuğa Yönelik Şiddet ve Alınabilecek Tedbirler Sempozyumu, 28 - 31 Mart 2006, İstanbul.
  • Withney, I. & Smith, P.K. (1993). A survey of the nature and extent of bullying injunior/middle and secondary schools. Educational Research, 35(1):3-25.
  • Yıldırım, S. (2001). Zorbalık, Aile Ortamı ve Popülarite Arasındaki İlişkiler. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara.
  • Zindi, F. (1994). Bullying at boarding school: a Zimbabwe study. Research in Education, 51:23-32.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Hülya Kartal

Asude Bilgin

Publication Date January 14, 2013
Submission Date December 15, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kartal, H., & Bilgin, A. (2013). İLKÖĞRETİM ÖĞRENCİLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ZORBALIK KARŞITI PROGRAM UYGULAMASI: OKULU ZORBALIKTAN ARINDIRMA PROGRAMI. Eğitimde Kuram Ve Uygulama, 3(2), 207-227.