The toxic effects of Perilla frutescens essential oils in combination with CO2-enriched modified atmospheres on the life stages of Dermestes maculatus Degeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Abstract

Fumigation with essential oils from plants is a popular, safe, and environment friendly alternative tool for pest control in stored products. To provide a range of choices and to reduce costs in a variety of contexts, more plant-derived pest management control agents from local plant species should be identified and more effective fumigant methods must be developed. This paper describes the toxic effects of the essential oils from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (Lamiaceae) as a fumigant, either alone or in combination with CO₂-enriched modified atmospheres, for the control of Dermestes maculatus Degeer. The essential oils showed strong fumigant activities against this pest. After six hours of fumigation with the essential oils at a concentration of 0.10 μL/L, mortalities for each life stage was 73.0% (adult), 61.2% (larva), 39.6% (pupa) and 55.4% (egg). Furthermore, the effects were enhanced when CO₂ levels were increased. At an essential oil concentration of 0.08 μL/L in the treatment group with 60% CO₂, mortality rate for all life stages was 100%. We propose that CO₂ concentration plays a direct role during joint fumigation, as atmospheres with high CO₂ levels cause the permanent opening of insect spiracles, thereby increasing the uptake of plant essential oils.

Keywords

• Perilla frutescens, Dermestes maculatus, pest control, fumigation, CO2

CO2 bakımından zenginleştirilerek değiştirilmiş atmosfer gazları ile kombine edilmiş Perilla frutescens uçucu yağlarının Dermestes maculatus Degeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)’ un biyolojik dönemleri üzerine toksik etkileri

Öz

Depolanmış ürün zararlılarının mücadelesinde bitkilerden elde edilen uçucu yağlar ile fumigasyon popüler, güvenli ve çevre dostu alternatif bir yöntemdir. Geniş bağlamda çeşitliliği arttırmak ve maliyetleri azaltmak için yerel bitki türlerinden bitki kökenli zararlı kontrolünde kullanılabilecek daha fazla maddeler tanımlanmalı ve daha etkili fumigasyon metotları geliştirilmelidir. Bu çalışma, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (Lamiaceae)'dan elde edilen uçucu yağların, fumigant olarak, tek başına ya da CO₂ bakımından zenginleştirilerek değiştirilmiş atmosferler ile birlikte kullanımının, Dermestes maculatus Degeer. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)’a karşı toksik etkisini açıklamaktadır. Uçucu yağlar bu zararlıya karşı kuvvetli fumigant etki göstermiştir. Uçucu yağın 0.10 μL/L konsantrasyonunda altı saatlik fumigasyondan sonra yaşam dönemlerinin yüzde ölüm oranları %73 (ergin), % 61.2 (larva), % 39.6 (pupa) ve %55.4 (yumurta) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, CO₂ seviyesi arttığında fumigant etki de artmıştır. %60 CO₂ içeren ortamda uçucu yağın 0.08 μL/L konsantrasyon uygulaması  tüm yaşam dönemlerinde %100 ölüme neden olmuştur. Yüksek CO₂ konsantrasyonu böcek stigmalarının sürekli açık kalmasına, dolayısıyla bitki uçucu yağlarının alımının artmasına neden olduğu için ortak fumigasyonda CO₂ konsantrasyonunun uçucu yağın fumigant etkisinde önemli bir rol aldığını düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Perilla frutescens, Dermes tesmaculatus, zararlı yönetimi, fumigasyon, CO2

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