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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREIGHT REVENUES AND VESSEL DISPOSAL DECISIONS

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 96 - 112, 29.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.363721

Abstract

Ship demolition market helps to balance over
supply in shipping market. Some factors accelerate and some factors slow down
this process. Freight revenues are one of the most important factor that
directly affect this process.
Because even the old and obsolete ships can
survive and carry out their operations profitably in buoyant market with high
freight rates. In this context, this study aims to contribute existing
literature by presenting an econometric analysis of the relationship between
freight revenues and ship disposal decisions. Total tonnage sent to the
demolition and Baltic Dry Index (BDI) variables are chosen, and annual data
between 1985 and 2015 is used in the model. BDI is selected as a representative
of freight revenues due to data constraint. Total tonnage sent to the scrapping
is taken as a result of the decision to send ships to disposal. Correlation and
regression analysis are conducted to determine the econometric relationship
between variables. The results verifies the negative relationship between
freight revenues and vessel disposal decisions. 

Gemi söküm pazarı, denizcilik pazarındaki arz fazlasını dengelemeye yardımcı olur. Bazı faktörler bu süreci hızlandırırken, bazı faktörler ise bu süreci yavaşlatır. Navlun gelirleri, bu süreci doğrudan etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Çünkü yüksek navlunların olduğu hareketli piyasalarda eski ve köhne gemiler bile karlı bir şekilde operasyonlarını yürüterek piyasada kalmayı başarırlar. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışma, navlun gelirleri ile gemiyi söküme gönderme kararları arasındaki ilişkiyi ekonometrik olarak inceleyerek mevcut literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Söküme gönderilen toplam gemi tonajı ve Baltık Kuru Yük Endeksi değişkenleri seçilmiştir ve 1985 ile 2015 arasındaki yıllık veriler modelde kullanılmıştır. Veri kısıtı nedeniyle Baltık Kuru Yük Endeksi navlun gelirlerinin bir temsilcisi olarak seçilmiştir. Söküme gönderilen toplam gemi tonajı ise söküme gönderme kararlarının bir sonucu olarak ele alınmıştır. Korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri değişkenler arasındaki ekonomik ilişkiyi saptamak için kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar navlun gelirleriyle söküme gönderme kararları arasındaki negatif ilişkiyi doğrulamaktadır. 

References

  • Athenian Shipbrokers, S. A. (2016). Monthly Report. Total Demolition Amounts. Retrieved March, 9, 2016.
  • Bloomberg Data Platform, Baltic Dry Index, Accessed 15.08.2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/professional
  • Branch, A. E. and Robarts, M. (2014). Branch's Elements of Shipping. Routledge.
  • Buxton, I. L. (1991). The Market for Ship Demolition. Maritime Policy & Management 18 (2): 105–112.
  • Chang, M. (2014). Principles of Scientific Methods. New York: CRS Press
  • Erol, E. and Dursun, A. (2016). Düzensiz Hat Denizyolu Taşımacılığının Piyasa Yapisi ve Değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 16: 153-170.
  • Evans, J. (1989). Replacement, Obsolescence and Modifications of Ships. Maritime Policy and Management 16(3): 223-231.
  • Geman, H. (2008). Risk Management in Commodity Markets: From Shipping to Agricultures and Energy. UK: Wiley
  • Grammenos, C. (2010). The Handbook of Maritime Economics and Business. Great Britain: MPG Books
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2004). Basic Econometric, (4th Ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Hampton, M.J. (1991). Long and Short Shipping Cycles, (3rd Ed). Cambridge: Cambridge Academy of Transport.
  • IMEAK, Ship Demolition Industry, February 2016
  • Jugović, A., Komadina, N. and Hadžić, A. (2015). Factors Influencing the Formation of Freight Rates on Maritime Shipping Markets. Scientific Journal of Maritime Research 29: 23–29.
  • Karlis, T. and Polemis, D. (2016). Ship Demolition Activity: A Monetary Flow Process Approach. Scientific Journal of Maritime Research 30: 128-132.
  • Koopmans, T. C. (1939). Tanker Freight Rates and Tankship Building: An Analysis of Cyclical Fluctuations. De erven F. Bohn nv.
  • Lin, F. and Sim, N. C. S. (2013). Trade, Income and the Baltic Dry Index. European Economic Review 59: 1-18.
  • Lun, Y. V., Lai, K. H. and Cheng, T. E. (2010). Shipping and Logistics Management. London: Springer.
  • McConville J (1999). Economics of Maritime Transport, Theory and Practice. London: Whiterby.
  • Merikas, A., Merika, A. and Sharma, A. (2015, January). Exploring Price Formation in the Global Ship Demolition Market. In 2015 Annual Meetings.
  • Metaxas , V. (1988). Principles of Maritime Economics. Athens: Papazisis.
  • Mikelis NE. (2007). A Statistical Overview of Ship Recycling. In: International symposium on maritime safety, security and environmental protection, Athens.
  • Mikelis, N. (2013). Ship Recycling Markets and the Impact of the Hong Kong Convention. Paper presented at the International Conference on Ship Recycling, World Maritime University, Malmo, Sweden, April 2013.
  • Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
  • Randers, J. and Göluke, U. (2007). Forecasting Turning Points in Shipping Freight Rates: Lessons from 30 Years of Practical Effort. System Dynamics Review 23(2-3): 253–284.
  • RMT (Review of Maritime Transport 2016), UNCTAD
  • Saraf, M., Stuer-Lauridsen, F., Dyoulgerov, M., Bloch, R., Wingfield, S., & Watkinson, R. (2010). Ship breaking and recycling industry in Bangladesh and Pakistan. The World Bank Washington.
  • Stopford, M. (2009). Maritime Economics, 3rd ed.. London: Routledge.
  • Talley, W. (2012). The Blackwell Companion to the Maritime Economics. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Taylor, A. J. (1974). The Dynamics of Supply And Demand in Shipping. Dynamica 2 (2): 62-71.
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) Statistics, “Demolition Tonnage by Countries”, Accessed 20.06.2017, http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx?sCS_ChosenLang=en
  • World Coal Association, “How is Steel Produced?”, Accessed 10.06.2016), https://www.worldcoal.org/coal/uses-coal/how-steel-produced

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREIGHT REVENUES AND VESSEL DISPOSAL DECISIONS

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 96 - 112, 29.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.363721

Abstract

Gemi söküm pazarı, denizcilik pazarındaki arz fazlasını dengelemeye yardımcı olur. Bazı faktörler bu süreci hızlandırırken, bazı faktörler ise bu süreci yavaşlatır. Navlun gelirleri, bu süreci doğrudan etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Çünkü yüksek navlunların olduğu hareketli piyasalarda eski ve köhne gemiler bile karlı bir şekilde operasyonlarını yürüterek piyasada kalmayı başarırlar. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışma, navlun gelirleri ile gemiyi söküme gönderme kararları arasındaki ilişkiyi ekonometrik olarak inceleyerek mevcut literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Söküme gönderilen toplam gemi tonajı ve Baltık Kuru Yük Endeksi değişkenleri seçilmiştir ve 1985 ile 2015 arasındaki yıllık veriler modelde kullanılmıştır. Veri kısıtı nedeniyle Baltık Kuru Yük Endeksi navlun gelirlerinin bir temsilcisi olarak seçilmiştir. Söküme gönderilen toplam gemi tonajı ise söküme gönderme kararlarının bir sonucu olarak ele alınmıştır. Korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri değişkenler arasındaki ekonomik ilişkiyi saptamak için kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar navlun gelirleriyle söküme gönderme kararları arasındaki negatif ilişkiyi doğrulamaktadır. 



Ship demolition market helps to balance over supply in shipping market. Some factors accelerate and some factors slow down this process. Freight revenues are one of the most important factor that directly affect this process. Because even the old and obsolete ships can survive and carry out their operations profitably in buoyant market with high freight rates. In this context, this study aims to contribute existing literature by presenting an econometric analysis of the relationship between freight revenues and ship disposal decisions. Total tonnage sent to the demolition and Baltic Dry Index (BDI) variables are chosen, and annual data between 1985 and 2015 is used in the model. BDI is selected as a representative of freight revenues due to data constraint. Total tonnage sent to the scrapping is taken as a result of the decision to send ships to disposal. Correlation and regression analysis are conducted to determine the econometric relationship between variables. The results verifies the negative relationship between freight revenues and vessel disposal decisions. 

References

  • Athenian Shipbrokers, S. A. (2016). Monthly Report. Total Demolition Amounts. Retrieved March, 9, 2016.
  • Bloomberg Data Platform, Baltic Dry Index, Accessed 15.08.2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/professional
  • Branch, A. E. and Robarts, M. (2014). Branch's Elements of Shipping. Routledge.
  • Buxton, I. L. (1991). The Market for Ship Demolition. Maritime Policy & Management 18 (2): 105–112.
  • Chang, M. (2014). Principles of Scientific Methods. New York: CRS Press
  • Erol, E. and Dursun, A. (2016). Düzensiz Hat Denizyolu Taşımacılığının Piyasa Yapisi ve Değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 16: 153-170.
  • Evans, J. (1989). Replacement, Obsolescence and Modifications of Ships. Maritime Policy and Management 16(3): 223-231.
  • Geman, H. (2008). Risk Management in Commodity Markets: From Shipping to Agricultures and Energy. UK: Wiley
  • Grammenos, C. (2010). The Handbook of Maritime Economics and Business. Great Britain: MPG Books
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2004). Basic Econometric, (4th Ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Hampton, M.J. (1991). Long and Short Shipping Cycles, (3rd Ed). Cambridge: Cambridge Academy of Transport.
  • IMEAK, Ship Demolition Industry, February 2016
  • Jugović, A., Komadina, N. and Hadžić, A. (2015). Factors Influencing the Formation of Freight Rates on Maritime Shipping Markets. Scientific Journal of Maritime Research 29: 23–29.
  • Karlis, T. and Polemis, D. (2016). Ship Demolition Activity: A Monetary Flow Process Approach. Scientific Journal of Maritime Research 30: 128-132.
  • Koopmans, T. C. (1939). Tanker Freight Rates and Tankship Building: An Analysis of Cyclical Fluctuations. De erven F. Bohn nv.
  • Lin, F. and Sim, N. C. S. (2013). Trade, Income and the Baltic Dry Index. European Economic Review 59: 1-18.
  • Lun, Y. V., Lai, K. H. and Cheng, T. E. (2010). Shipping and Logistics Management. London: Springer.
  • McConville J (1999). Economics of Maritime Transport, Theory and Practice. London: Whiterby.
  • Merikas, A., Merika, A. and Sharma, A. (2015, January). Exploring Price Formation in the Global Ship Demolition Market. In 2015 Annual Meetings.
  • Metaxas , V. (1988). Principles of Maritime Economics. Athens: Papazisis.
  • Mikelis NE. (2007). A Statistical Overview of Ship Recycling. In: International symposium on maritime safety, security and environmental protection, Athens.
  • Mikelis, N. (2013). Ship Recycling Markets and the Impact of the Hong Kong Convention. Paper presented at the International Conference on Ship Recycling, World Maritime University, Malmo, Sweden, April 2013.
  • Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
  • Randers, J. and Göluke, U. (2007). Forecasting Turning Points in Shipping Freight Rates: Lessons from 30 Years of Practical Effort. System Dynamics Review 23(2-3): 253–284.
  • RMT (Review of Maritime Transport 2016), UNCTAD
  • Saraf, M., Stuer-Lauridsen, F., Dyoulgerov, M., Bloch, R., Wingfield, S., & Watkinson, R. (2010). Ship breaking and recycling industry in Bangladesh and Pakistan. The World Bank Washington.
  • Stopford, M. (2009). Maritime Economics, 3rd ed.. London: Routledge.
  • Talley, W. (2012). The Blackwell Companion to the Maritime Economics. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Taylor, A. J. (1974). The Dynamics of Supply And Demand in Shipping. Dynamica 2 (2): 62-71.
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) Statistics, “Demolition Tonnage by Countries”, Accessed 20.06.2017, http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx?sCS_ChosenLang=en
  • World Coal Association, “How is Steel Produced?”, Accessed 10.06.2016), https://www.worldcoal.org/coal/uses-coal/how-steel-produced
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Abdullah Açık 0000-0003-4542-9831

Sadık Özlen Başer

Publication Date December 29, 2017
Acceptance Date January 2, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Açık, A., & Başer, S. Ö. (2017). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREIGHT REVENUES AND VESSEL DISPOSAL DECISIONS. Ekonomi Politika Ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 96-112. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.363721