Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 1304-7280 2667-5498 Erciyes University 10.32707/ercivet.1773370 Veterinary Medicine Veteriner Hekimlik Köpeklerde Parvoviral Enteritisin Serum ve Fekal Zonulin Seviyeleri Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması Investigation of the Effect of Canine Parvoviral Enteritis on Serum and Faecal Zonulin Levels https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4609-3542 Bali Batuhan ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-5164 Karaca Bekdik İlknur ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ 04 29 2026 23 1 1 12 08 28 2025 01 02 2026 Copyright © 2004, Journal of The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Erciyes University 2004 Journal of The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Erciyes University

Bu çalışmada, parvoviral enteritis tanısı konulan köpeklerde, tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrasında serum ve fekal zonulin seviyelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Eğitim, Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi, İç Hastalıklar Kliniği’ne sahipleri tarafından teşhis ve tedavi amacıyla getirilen, 2-6 aylık yaşta, farklı ırk ve cinsiyetteki, hızlı test kiti ile parvoviral enterit olduğu belirlenen 16 adet köpekten toplanan serum ve gaita örnekleri kullanıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen köpeklere 7 gün boyunca semptomatik destek tedavi uygulandı. Köpeklerden tedavi başlangıcında ve tedavi bittikten sonraki gün hematolojik ve serum zonulin analizleri için kan ile fekal zonulin analizi için gaita örnekleri alındı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen parvoviral enteritisli köpeklerde ortalama serum zonulin düzeyleri tedavi öncesi 7.06±0.46 ng/ml iken, tedavi sonrası 6.76±0.52 ng/ml; ortalama fekal zonulin düzeyleri ise tedavi öncesi 7.60±0.44 ng/ml iken, tedavi sonrası 7.12±0.41 ng/ml olarak belirlendi. Hem fekal hem de serum zonulin düzeyleri tedavi sonrasında tedavi öncesine göre daha düşük olsa da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark belirlenmedi (P>0.05). Sonuç olarak insanlarda bağırsak geçirgenliğinde biyobelirteç olan zonulinin fekal ve serum düzeylerinin parvoviral enteritisli köpeklerde yedi günlük tedavi sonrası azaldığı, ancak bu azalmanın istatistiksel olarak önemli olmadığı bulundu. Bu nedenle, parvoviral enteritisli köpeklerde zonulin düzeylerinin hastalığın şiddeti, prognozu ve tedaviye yanıt ile ilişkisini daha doğru değerlendirebilmek için daha geniş örneklem gruplarıyla, sağlıklı kontrollerin ve çalışma sırasında ölen hayvanların verilerinin de dahil edildiği, farklı klinik evreleri kapsayan, uzun süreli takip içeren çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu düşünüldü.

This study aimed to determine serum and faecal zonulin levels before and after treatment in dogs diagnosed with parvoviral enteritis. For this purpose, serum and stool samples collected from 16 dogs of 2-6 months of age, of different breeds and sexes, which were brought to Erciyes University Veterinary Faculty Education, Research and Application Hospital, Internal Diseases Clinic for diagnosis and treatment, and which were diagnosed with parvoviral enteritis using a rapid test kit. The dogs included in the study were given symptomatic supportive treatment for 7 days. Blood samples for hematologic and serum zonulin analysis were collected from the dogs before and after treatment. Faeces samples for faecal zonulin analysis were also collected before and after treatment. In the dogs, mean serum zonulin levels were 7.06±0.46 ng/ml before treatment and 6.76±0.52 ng/ml after treatment while mean faecal zonulin levels were 7.60±0.44 ng/ml before treatment and 7.12±0.41 ng/ml after treatment. Although both faecal and serum zonulin levels were lower after treatment than before treatment, no statistically significant difference was determined (P>0.05). In conclusion, faecal and serum levels of zonulin, a biomarker of intestinal permeability in humans, decreased after seven days of treatment in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. However, this decrease was not statistically significant. Therefore, further research with larger sample groups is needed to more accurately evaluate the relationship between zonulin levels and disease severity, prognosis, and response to treatment in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Such studies should include data from healthy controls and from animals that died during the study. They should also cover different clinical stages and include long-term follow-up.

 Köpek parvoviral enteritis zonulin Dog parvoviral enteritis zonulin Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi TYL-2024-13230 Caviglia GP, Tucci A, Pellicano R. Clinical response and changes of cytokines and zonulin levels in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome treated with Bifidobacterium longum ES1 for 8 or 12 weeks: A preliminary report. J Clin Med 2020; 9(8): 2353. Chelakkot C, Ghim J, Ryu SH. Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50: 1-9. Çöllü EM, Özalp T, Erdoğan S, Ural K, Erdoğan H. Investigation of zonulin levels in dogs infected with canine distemper virus. Bozok Vet Sci 2024; 5(2): 55-61. Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. Canine parvovirus: A review of epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, with emphasis on type 2c. Vet Microbiol 2012; 155(1): 1-12. Dinesh N, Slovak JE, Kogan C, Kopper JJ. Preliminary evaluation of serum zonulin in canine chronic enteropathies. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63(9): 679-85. Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC. (eds) Ettinger’s Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Sixth Edition. WB Saunders Company 2005; pp. 1298-307. Fasano A, Shea-Donohue T. Mechanisms of disease: The role of intestinal barrier function in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 2(9): 416-22. Fasano A, Uzzau S, Fiore C, Margaretten K. The enterotoxic effect of zonula occludens toxin on rabbit small intestine involves the paracellular pathway. Gastroenterol 1997; 112(3): 839-46. Fasano A. Intestinal permeability and its regulation by zonulin: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10(10): 1096-100. Fasano A. Regulation of intercellular tight junctions by zonula occludens toxin and its eukaryotic analogue zonulin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 915: 214-22. Fasano A. Zonulin and its regulation of intestinal barrier function: The biological door to inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Physiol Rev 2011; 91: 151-75. Ford J, McEndaffer L, Renshaw R, Molesan A, Kelly K. Parvovirus infection is associated with myocarditis and myocardial fibrosis in young dogs. Vet Pathol 2017; 54(6): 964-71. Goddard A, Leisewitz AL. Canine parvovirus. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40(6): 1041-53. Kalli I, Leontides LS, Mylonakis ME. Factors affecting the occurrence, duration of hospitalization and final outcome in canine parvovirus infection. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89(2): 174-8. Markovich JE, Stucker KM, Carr AH. Effects of canine parvovirus strain variations on diagnostic test results and clinical management of enteritis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 241(1): 66-72. Mylonakis ME, Kalli I, Rallis TS. Canine parvoviral enteritis: An update on the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Vet Med (Auckl) 2016; 7: 91-100. Odueko FD. Literature review on canine parvoviral enteritis variants in Nigeria. J Dairy Vet Anim Res 2020; 9(1): 26-32. Özkurşun F. Parvoviral Enteritisli Köpeklerde Serum Zonulin Seviyesinin Belirlenmesi ve Klinik Öneminin Değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek lisans tezi, Balıkesir Üniv Sağ Bil Enst, Balıkesir 2024; ss. 30-40. Prittie J. Canine parvoviral enteritis: A review of diagnosis, management, and prevention. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2004; 14(3): 167-76. Rossi G, Gavazza A, Vincenzetti S. Clinicopathological and fecal proteome evaluations in 16 dogs presenting chronic diarrhea associated with lymphangiectasia. Vet Sci 2021; 8(10): 242-50. Stander N, Wagner WM, Goddard A, Kirberger RM. Ultrasonographic appearance of canine parvoviral enteritis in puppies. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51(5): 69-74. Sturgeon C, Fasano A. Zonulin, a regulator of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions, and its involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4(4): e1251384. Şardağ D. Köpeklerde Gastroenteritise Neden Olan Bazı Enfeksiyöz ve Non Enfeksiyöz Hastalıklarda Serum ve Fekal Zonulin Seviyelerinin Tespiti. Doktora tezi, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniv Sağ Bil Enst, Aydın 2022; ss. 52-3. Şen T. İshalli Köpeklerde Gastrointestinal Biyobelirteçlerin Araştırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniv Sağ Bil Enst, Aydın 2021; ss. 31-2. Tripathi A, Lammers KM, Goldblum S. Identification of human zonulin, a physiological modulator of tight junctions, as prehaptoglobin-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106: 16799-804. Unterer S, Busch K, Leipig M, Hermanns W, Wolf G, Straubinger RK, Mueller RS, Hartmann K. Endoscopically visualized lesions, histologic findings, and bacterial invasion in the gastrointestinal mucosa of dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28(1): 52-8. Wang W, Uzzau S, Goldblum SE, Fasano A. Human zonulin, a potential modulator of intestinal tight junctions. J Cell Sci 2000; 113: 4435-40. Zhou H, Cui K, Su X. Overview of recent advances in canine parvovirus research: Current status and future perspectives. Microorganisms 2024; 13(1): 47-55.