U-Shaped POF Sensor for Ethanol/Methanol Determination

Year 2021, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 149 - 156, 28.04.2021

Timuçin Emre Tabaru Şekip Esat Hayber

Abstract

In this study, U-shaped fiber optic sensor tips sensitive to refractive index (RI) change were produced, and its performance analyses were carried out. Three sensor tips were used to measure ethanol/methanol-water mixtures in concentrations from 0% to 16.66%. The ethanol sensor tip was able to detect the RI change of 4×10-4 RIU. Its maximum sensitivity is 7.71 mV/RIU, and its linearity is 0.9985. The methanol sensor tip was able to detect the RI change of 1×10-4 RIU. Its maximum sensitivity is 28.49 mV/RIU, and its linearity is 0.9969. Each sensor tips determine the change of 1.41% concentration in the mixtures. Moreover, the results show that it can provide high precision in the measurement of ethanol/methanol-water mixtures and achieve satisfying stability and repeatability.

Keywords

U-Shaped sensor, Refractive index, Plastic optical fiber, Ethanol/Methanol determination

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Erciyes University Clinical Engineering Research and Application Center and FOSENS Electro Optic Technologies for their supports in the research activities among the staff.

U-Shaped Plastic Optic Fiber Sensor for Ethanol/Methanol Determination

Abstract

Bu çalışmada kırılma indisi (RI) değişimine duyarlı U-Şeklindeki fiber optik sensör uçları üretilmiş ve performans analizleri yapılmıştır. %0 ile %16,66 arasındaki konsantrasyonlarda etanol/metanol-su karışımlarını ölçmek için üç sensör ucu kullanılmıştır. Etanol sensör ucu, 4×10-4 RIU’luk kırılma indisindeki değişimi tespit etmiştir. Etanol sensör ucunun maksimum hassasiyeti 7,71 mV/RIU ve doğrusallığı 0,9985’tir. Metanol sensör ucu ise 1×10-4 RIU’luk kırılma indisindeki değişimi tespit etmiştir. Bu ucun maksimum hassasiyeti 28,49 mV/RIU ve doğrusallığı 0,9969’dur. Her bir sensör ucu, karışımlardaki %1,41 konsantrasyondaki değişikliği belirlemiştir. Ayrıca sonuçlar, sensör uçlarının sadece etanol/metanol-su karışımlarının ölçümünde yüksek kesinlik sağlamakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda tatmin edici kararlılık ve tekrarlanabilirlik sağladığını da göstermektedir.

Keywords

U-Şeklinde sensör, Kırılma indisi, Plastik fiber optik, Etanol/Metanol tayini

References

• Pohorecky, L. A., Brick, J. 1988. Pharmacology of ethanol. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 36(2-3), 335-427.
• DiLoreto, J. T., Siegel, M., Hinchey, D., Valerio, H., Kinzel, K., Lee, S., ... DeJong, W. 2012. Assessment of the Average Price and Ethanol Content of Alcoholic Beverages by Brand—U nited S tates, 2011. Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research, 36(7), 1288-1297.
• Skrzydlewska, E. 2003. Toxicological and metabolic consequences of methanol poisoning. Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 13(4), 277-293.
• Vale, A. 2007. Ethanol. Medicine, 35(11), 615-616.
• Boyaci, I. H., Genis, H. E., Guven, B., Tamer, U., Alper, N. 2012. A novel method for quantification of ethanol and methanol in distilled alcoholic beverages using Raman spectroscopy. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 43(8), 1171-1176.
• Calull, M., Marce, R. M., Borrull, F. 1992. Determination of carboxylic acids, sugars, glycerol and ethanol in wine and grape must by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 590(2), 215-222.
• Gallignani, M., Garrigues, S., & de La Guardia, M. 1993. Direct determination of ethanol in all types of alcoholic beverages by near-infrared derivative spectrometry. Analyst, 118(9), 1167-1173.
• Shkotova, L. V., Soldatkin, A. P., Gonchar, M. V., Schuhmann, W., Dzyadevych, S. V. 2006. Amperometric biosensor for ethanol detection based on alcohol oxidase immobilised within electrochemically deposited Resydrol film. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 26(2-3), 411-414.
• Mitsubayashi, K., Yokoyama, K., Takeuchi, T., Karube, I. 1994. Gas-phase biosensor for ethanol. Analytical Chemistry, 66(20), 3297-3302.
• Urick, V. J., Diehl, J. F., Singley, J. M., Sunderman, C. E., Williams, K. J. 2014. Long-reach analog photonics for military applications. Optics and Photonics News, 25(10), 36-43.
• Gong, H., Yang, X., Ni, K., Zhao, C. L., Dong, X. 2013. An optical fiber curvature sensor based on two peanut-shape structures modal interferometer. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 26(1), 22-24.
• Holmes, C., Gates, J. C., Smith, P. G. 2014. Planarised optical fiber composite using flame hydrolysis deposition demonstrating an integrated FBG anemometer. Optics express, 22(26), 32150-32157.
• Fabian, M., Lewis, E., Newe, T., Lochmann, S., Mueller, I. 2008. Investigation of ethanol and methanol water mixtures in the visible wavelength area using fibre-optic evanescent field absorption sensors based on a u-shaped, a coil-shaped and a meander-shaped probe. In 2008 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (pp. 79-84). IEEE.
• Arif, M. F. H., Asaduzzaman, S., Ahmed, K., & Morshed, M. 2016. High sensitive PCF based chemical sensor for ethanol detection. In 2016 5th International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV) (pp. 6-9). IEEE.
• Liu, D., Kumar, R., Wei, F., Han, W., Mallik, A. K., Yuan, J., ...Yu, C. 2018. High sensitivity optical fiber sensors for simultaneous measurement of methanol and ethanol. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 271, 1-8.
• Novais, S., Ferreira, M. S., & Pinto, J. L. (2018). Determination of thermo-optic coefficient of ethanol-water mixtures with optical fiber tip sensor. Optical Fiber Technology, 45, 276-279.
• Bartlett, R. J., Philip-Chandy, R., Eldridge, P., Merchant, D. F., Morgan, R., & Scully, P. J. (2000). Plastic optical fibre sensors and devices. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 22(5), 431-457.
• Jing, N., Zheng, J., Zhao, X., & Teng, C. (2014). Investigation of a macrobending micro-plastic optical fiber for refractive index sensing. Applied optics, 53(34), 8145-8150.
• Teng, C., Jing, N., Yu, F., & Zheng, J. (2016). Investigation of a macro-bending tapered plastic optical fiber for refractive index sensing. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(20), 7521-7525.
• Xin, G., Peng, K., Gu, Z., Zhao, J., Fan, R., Liu, L., & Xu, X. (2013). Refractive index sensor based on a step index multimode polymer optical fiber with a micro-hole created by a miniature numerical control machine. Chinese Optics Letters, 11(2), 020601.
• De-Jun, F., Mao-Sen, Z., Liu, G., Xi-Lu, L., & Dong-Fang, J. (2014). D-shaped plastic optical fiber sensor for testing refractive index. IEEE Sensors Journal, 14(5), 1673-1676.
• Merchant, D. F., Scully, P. J., & Schmitt, N. F. (1999). Chemical tapering of polymer optical fibre. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 76(1-3), 365-371.
• Jing, N., Zheng, J., Zhao, X., & Teng, C. (2014). Refractive index sensing based on a side-polished macrobending plastic optical fiber. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(5), 2898-2901.
• Saracoglu, O. G., & Hayber, S. E. (2016). Bent fiber sensor for preservative detection in milk. Sensors, 16(12), 2094.
• Fang, Y. L., Wang, C. T., & Chiang, C. C. (2016). A small U-shaped bending-induced interference optical fiber sensor for the measurement of glucose solutions. Sensors, 16(9), 1460.
• Hou, C. H., Chiang, C. C., Hsieh, T. S., Li, Y. L., Tsai, L., & Hsu, C. Y. (2020). Double-knotted U-shaped spiral optical fiber probe for measuring glucose solutions. Optik, 207, 163765.
• Borecki, M. (2006, April). Clad radiation rating in optical polymer fibers. In Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments IV (Vol. 6159, p. 615929). International Society for Optics and Photonics.
• Udd, E., & Spillman Jr, W. B. (Eds.). (2011). Fiber optic sensors: an introduction for engineers and scientists. John Wiley & Sons.
• Özsoy, S., 2009. Fiber Optik. Birsen Yayınevi, İstanbul, 278 s.
• Alemdar, K., Likoglu, S., Fidanboylu, K., & Toker, O. (2013, November). A novel periodic macrobending hetero-core fiber optic sensor embedded in textiles. In 2013 8th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO) (pp. 467-471). IEEE.
• Zawawi, M. A., O’Keeffe, S., & Lewis, E. (2013). Plastic optical fibre sensor for spine bending monitoring with power fluctuation compensation. Sensors, 13(11), 14466-14483.
• da Silveira, C. R., Costa, J. C., RoccoGiraldi, M. T. M., Jorge, P., Lopez Barbero, A. P., & Germano, S. B. (2015). Bent optical fiber taper for refractive index measurements with tunable sensitivity. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 57(4), 921-924.