Türkiye ve Ermenistan İlişkilerinde Çatışma Çözümü ve Uzlaşma Yaklaşımları, Yeni Öncelikler ve Çatışmanın Yönetilmesi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 73, 53 - 70, 31.05.2023

Ebru Çoban Öztürk

Öz

Türkiye ve Ermenistan arasındaki ilişkiler sıcak çatışma veya toprak bölüşümü boyutlarını içermeyen ve aktif olmayan bir çatışma türü olarak uluslararası literatürde farklı bir yerdedir. İkili ilişkilerde 1915’ten kalan geçmişe ilişkin sorunlar ve bu sorunlara eklemlenmiş Ermeni diaspora etkeni mevcuttur. Diaspora ikili ilişkilerde Ermenistan açısından aktif rol oynamakta, hâlihazırda zor bir mesele olan bölgesel barış inşasını güçleştirmektedir. Çatışma çözümleri literatüründe yer alan araçsal uzlaşma yöntemiyle Türkiye ve Ermenistan arasındaki dondurulmuş ilişkilerin uzun vadede olumlu bir seyre çevrilmesi zor ama mümkündür. Mevcut haliyle Türkiye ve Ermenistan arasındaki ilişkilere Liberal barış önerileri ve çatışma çözümleri uygulamak güçken son dönemde Azerbaycan’ın Dağlık Karabağ meselesinde Türkiye’nin aktif olarak yer almasıyla ve görüşmelerde Azerbaycan ile olan sorunların öncelikli olarak halledilmesi gerekliliğinin vurgulanmasıyla beraber durum giderek karmaşık bir hal almıştır. Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan arasındaki sıcak çatışmalarda toprak paylaşımı gibi öncelikli bir konunun varlığı ve bölgesel güçlerin olaya dâhil olması bölgenin realist siyasi karakteristiğini artırmıştır. Bu nedenlerle Türkiye ve Ermenistan arasındaki ilişkilerdeki çatışma boyutu giderek derinleşmiştir. Çalışmada Türkiye Ermenistan ilişkilerindeki çatışma çözümü ve uzlaşma yaklaşımları, çatışma çözümlerindeki realist ve liberal politikalar ve çatışma çözümü yerine çatışmanın yönetilmesi gibi realist paradigmalar tartışılacak ve diasporanın çatışma çözümlerindeki yeri incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çatışma çözümü, uzlaşma, çatışmanın yönetilmesi, Realizm, Liberalizm, Türkiye, Ermenistan, Azerbaycan

Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation Approaches in Turkey-Armenia Relations, New Priorities and Conflict Management

Öz

The relations between Turkey and Armenia are in a different place in the international literature as an inactive conflict that does not include the dimensions of hot conflicts or territorial division. In bilateral relations, there are problems related to the past from 1915 and the Armenian diaspora factor added to these problems. Diaspora plays an active role for Armenia in bilateral relations and complicates regional peacebuilding, which is currently a difficult issue. It is difficult but possible to turn the frozen relations between Turkey and Armenia into a positive course in the long run with the instrumental reconciliation method in the conflict resolution literature. While it is difficult to implement Liberal peace proposals and conflict resolutions in the relations between Turkey and Armenia in the current circumstances, the situation has become increasingly complicated after Turkey's active involvement in the Nagorno-Karabakh issue of Azerbaijan and the acceptance of the solution of the problems with Azerbaijan as a priority. The existence of a priority issue such as territorial division in the hot conflicts between Azerbaijan and Armenia and the involvement of regional powers have increased the realist political characteristics of the region. For these reasons, the conflict dimension in the relations between Turkey and Armenia has gradually deepened. In the study, conflict resolution and reconciliation approaches in Turkey-Armenia relations, realist and liberal policies in conflict resolution, and realist paradigms such as conflict management instead of conflict resolution will be discussed and the place of diaspora in conflict resolution will be examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Conflict resolution, reconciliation, conflict management, Realism, Liberalism, Armenia, Azerbaijan

Kaynakça

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