Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 155 - 164, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1044500

Abstract

References

  • [1]. R. Kumar, V. Sharma, R.C. and Sharma “Physico-chemical and Microbiological water quality of Asian wetland of Garhwal Himalaya, India”. International Journal of Ecological Science and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 5(3), pp. 64-70, 2018.
  • [2]. W.K Joshua. Groundwater quality assessment: a case study of groundwater from hand-dug wells in Hawul Local Government Area of Borno State”. International Journal of Advance Research, Vol. 3(2), pp. 537-546, 2015.
  • [3]. A.Q. Ibrahim, P.C. Onyenekwe, and I.M. Nwaedozie. “An Efficiency Assessment of Lower Usuma Water Treatment Plant in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria”, Journal of Environmental Science, Vol. 8(12), pp. 46-53, 2014.
  • [4]. A.G. Olufemi, O. Ogheneochuko Utieyin, and O.M. Adebayo. “Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Saline Intrusions in Coastal Aquifers of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria”, Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 2(10), pp. 849-853, 2010.
  • [5]. World Health Organization (2006). “Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality”, 3rd edition, Geneva: Switzerland., 2006.
  • [6]. L.P. Chegbeleh, D.K. Aklika, and B.A. Akurugu. “Hydrochemical Characterization and Suitability Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Saboba and Chereponi Districts, Ghana”, Hydrology, Vol. 7(3), pp. 53-60, 2020.
  • [7]. A. Shea, J. Poon, and S. Williamson. “Microbial risk assessment of drinking water to set health-based performance targets to improve water quality and treatment plant operations”. Water Practice and Technology, Vol. 11(2), pp. 495-502, 2016.
  • [8]. A.S. Al Chalabi. “Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and the Efficiency of the Al-Buradieiah Water Treatment Plant in Basra City”. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol. 19(3), pp. 1057-1065, 2020.
  • [9]. W.K. Joshua. “Assessing Rural Water Quality: comparing improved and unimproved drinking water sources in Hawul LGA”. SNRU Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 13(2), pp. 55-62, 2021.
  • [10]. M. Mustapha, M. Sridhar, and A.O. Coker. “Assessment of water supply system from catchment to consumers as framed in East Nigeria”. Sustainable Environment, Vol. 7(1), pp. 1-14, 2021.
  • [11]. M. Mustapha, M. Sridhar, A.O. Coker, A. Ajayi, and A. Suleiman. “ Risk Assessment from catchment to consumers as framed in water safety plans: A study from Maiduguri water treatment plant, Northeast Nigeria”. Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 10(10), pp. 1373-1390, 2019.
  • [12]. A. Alver. “ Evaluation of conventional drinking water treatment plant efficiency according to water quality index and health risk assessment”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 26(26), pp. 27225-27238, 2019.
  • [13]. B.O. Akinnuli, P.P. Ikubanni, E.A. Fadiji, and O.O. Agboola. “Drinking water quality assessment of a hand dug well using treatment plant installed in Akure, Nigeria”. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 14(15), pp. 5236-5240, 2019.
  • [14]. T. Sisay, A. Bevene, and E. Alemayehu, “Spatiotemporal variability of drinking water quality and the associated health risk in Southwestern towns of Ethiopia”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 189(11), pp. 208-212, 2017.
  • [15]. B. Desye, B. Belete, Z. Asfaw Gebrezgi, and Terefe Reda, T. “Efficiency of Treatment Plant and Drinking Water Quality Assessment from Source to Household, Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia”. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Vol. 201, pp. 1-8, 2021.
  • [16]. M.T. Martins, G. Castillo, and B.J. Dutka. “Evaluation of drinking water treatment plant efficiency in microorganism removal by the coliphage, total coliform and H2S paper strip tests”. Water Science and Technology, Vol. 35(11), pp. 403-407, 1997
  • [17]. United Nations (2020). “Ensuring Available Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for all”. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6 (Accessed 6th November 2021).
  • [18]. E.A. Badr, and A.A. Al-Naeem. “Assessment of Drinking Water Purification Plant Efficiency in Al-Hassa, Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia”. Sustainability, Vol. 13(11), pp. 6122-6129, 2021.
  • [19]. A.S. Hassan, J. Musa Hayatu, and I.U. Mohammed. “An Overview of Water Supply Infrastructural Challenges in Nigeria: A case study of Taraba State”. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 13(1), pp. 46-51, 2016.
  • [20]. E.A. Adams, Y.I. Adams, and C. Koki. “Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Insecurity will exacerbate the toll of COVID-19 on Women and Girls in Low-Income Countries”. Sustainability, Science, Practice and Policy, Vol. 17(1), pp. 86-90, 2021.
  • [21]. H.T. Ishaku, M.A. Hussain, F.M. Dama, A.A. Zemba, and A.A. Peter. “Planning for water in Wukari”. Journal of Water Resources and Protection, Vol. 2(1), pp. 916-922, 2010.
  • [22]. Nigerian Industrial Standard (2007). “Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality”, Abuja – Nigeria. Standard Organization of Nigeria, 2007.
  • [23]. American Public Health Association (1998). “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater”. United States – APHA, 1998.
  • [24]. M. Radojevic, and V.N. Bashkin. “Practical Environmental Analysis”. 2nd Edition, Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2006.
  • [25]. R. Amfo-Out, J.B. Agyenim, and G.B. Nimba-Bumah. “Correlation Analysis of Groundwater Colouration from Mountainous Areas, Ghana”. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, Vol. 67(1), pp. 16-24, 2014.
  • [26]. M.H. Geriesh, B.M.H. Mansour, and H. Farouk. “Assessment of drinking water quality along Port Said Canal treatment plants, Suez Canal corridor, Egypt”. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 12(23), pp. 1-13, 2019.
  • [27]. M. Malakootian, and A. Fatehizadeh. “Colour removal from water by coagulation/caustic soda and lime”. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Vol. 7(3), pp. 267-275, 2010.
  • [28]. B. Ramavandi. “Treatment of water turbidity and bacteria by using a coagulant extracted from Plantago ovata”. Water Resources and Industry, Vol. 6, pp. 36-50, 2014.
  • [29]. S.K. Shukla, N. Al Mushaigri, S. Rashid, H.M. Al Subhi, K. Yoo, and H. Al Sadeq. “Low-cost activated carbon production from organic waste and its utilization for wastewater treatment”. Applied Water Science, Vol. 10(2), pp. 1-9, 2020.
  • [30]. B. Joseph, K. Kaetzl, F. Hensgen, B. Schäfer, and M. Wachendorf. “Sustainability assessment of activated carbon from residual biomass used for micropollutant removal at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant”. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 15(6), pp. 64023, 2020.
  • [31]. W.A. Abel, A. Jimoh, A.S. Abdulkareem, and A. Giwa. “Production of activated carbon from watermelon peel”. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, Vol. 5(2), pp. 66-71, 2014.
  • [32]. K.J. Choi, S-G. Kim, and S-H. Kim. “Removal of antibiotics by coagulation and granular activated carbon filtration”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 151(1), pp. 38-43, 2008.
  • [33]. K. Konieczny, and G. Klomfas. “Using activated carbon to improve natural water treatment by porous membranes”. Desalination, Vol. 147(1), pp. 109-116, 2002. [34]. A.T. Alves, D.J. Lasmar, I.P. de Andrade Miranda, J. da Silva, and J . dos Santos Reis. “The potential of activated carbon in the treatment of water for human consumption, a study of the state of the art and its techniques used for its development”. Advances in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Vol. 12, pp. 143-153, 2021.
  • [35]. J. Jjagwe, P.W. Olupot, E. Menya, and H.M. Kalibbala. “Synthesis and Application of Granular Activated Carbon from Biomass Waste Materials for Water Treatment: A Review”. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, Vol. 6(4), pp. 292-322, 2021.
  • [36]. X. Xing, T. Li, Z. Bi, P. Qi, Z. Li, H. Wang, L. Lyu, Y. Gao, and C. Hu. “Efficiency removal of disinfection by-products precursors and inhibition of bacteria detachment by strong interaction of EPS with coconut shell activated carbon in ozone biofiltration”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 392, pp. 122077.
  • [37]. D.M. Golea, P. Jarvis, B. Jefferson, G. Moore, S. Sutherland, S.A. Parsons, and S.J. Judd. “Influence of granular activated carbon media properties on natural organic matter and disinfection by-products precursor removal from drinking water”. Water Research, Vol. 174, pp. 115613.

Assessing the efficiency of drinking water treatment plant and the impact of broken distribution systems on water quality of Wukari-Ibi plant

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 155 - 164, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1044500

Abstract

Water treatment is essential in the provision of potable drinking water to communities. However, studies have shown that many local conventional drinking water treatment plants in Nigeria are ineffective in removing contaminants. This study evaluated the efficiency of drinking water from Wukari-Ibi plant by assessing water samples before and after treatment and comparing results to national and international drinking water standards. Forty water samples were collected and selected physical and biological parameters were determined according to standard laboratory procedures. The results indicated that after treatment, turbidity (6.74 NTU) and coliform count (17 cfu/100 mL) were still significantly greater than standard guidelines, which suggest that the treatment plant is unable to reduce the concentration of these contaminants to a safe level for consumption. Furthermore, assessing water at consumer taps indicated that broken distribution system is likely serving as a potential pathway for contamination. The plant removal efficiency of colour, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, hardness, and coliform count was computed as 74.7%, 66.57%, 32.58%, 30.11%, and 59.88% respectively. Overall, the removal efficiency was 52.77% which is considered unacceptable for the supply of potable drinking water. The study concludes that cost and poor skilled personnel are the major factors in the inefficient treatment and therefore we suggest a low-cost treatment using activated carbon from locally sourced plants to be incorporated for effective removal of contaminants. There is also a need for government to invest in infrastructure and equipment so as to upgrade the treatment plant.

References

  • [1]. R. Kumar, V. Sharma, R.C. and Sharma “Physico-chemical and Microbiological water quality of Asian wetland of Garhwal Himalaya, India”. International Journal of Ecological Science and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 5(3), pp. 64-70, 2018.
  • [2]. W.K Joshua. Groundwater quality assessment: a case study of groundwater from hand-dug wells in Hawul Local Government Area of Borno State”. International Journal of Advance Research, Vol. 3(2), pp. 537-546, 2015.
  • [3]. A.Q. Ibrahim, P.C. Onyenekwe, and I.M. Nwaedozie. “An Efficiency Assessment of Lower Usuma Water Treatment Plant in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria”, Journal of Environmental Science, Vol. 8(12), pp. 46-53, 2014.
  • [4]. A.G. Olufemi, O. Ogheneochuko Utieyin, and O.M. Adebayo. “Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Saline Intrusions in Coastal Aquifers of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria”, Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 2(10), pp. 849-853, 2010.
  • [5]. World Health Organization (2006). “Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality”, 3rd edition, Geneva: Switzerland., 2006.
  • [6]. L.P. Chegbeleh, D.K. Aklika, and B.A. Akurugu. “Hydrochemical Characterization and Suitability Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Saboba and Chereponi Districts, Ghana”, Hydrology, Vol. 7(3), pp. 53-60, 2020.
  • [7]. A. Shea, J. Poon, and S. Williamson. “Microbial risk assessment of drinking water to set health-based performance targets to improve water quality and treatment plant operations”. Water Practice and Technology, Vol. 11(2), pp. 495-502, 2016.
  • [8]. A.S. Al Chalabi. “Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and the Efficiency of the Al-Buradieiah Water Treatment Plant in Basra City”. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol. 19(3), pp. 1057-1065, 2020.
  • [9]. W.K. Joshua. “Assessing Rural Water Quality: comparing improved and unimproved drinking water sources in Hawul LGA”. SNRU Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 13(2), pp. 55-62, 2021.
  • [10]. M. Mustapha, M. Sridhar, and A.O. Coker. “Assessment of water supply system from catchment to consumers as framed in East Nigeria”. Sustainable Environment, Vol. 7(1), pp. 1-14, 2021.
  • [11]. M. Mustapha, M. Sridhar, A.O. Coker, A. Ajayi, and A. Suleiman. “ Risk Assessment from catchment to consumers as framed in water safety plans: A study from Maiduguri water treatment plant, Northeast Nigeria”. Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 10(10), pp. 1373-1390, 2019.
  • [12]. A. Alver. “ Evaluation of conventional drinking water treatment plant efficiency according to water quality index and health risk assessment”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 26(26), pp. 27225-27238, 2019.
  • [13]. B.O. Akinnuli, P.P. Ikubanni, E.A. Fadiji, and O.O. Agboola. “Drinking water quality assessment of a hand dug well using treatment plant installed in Akure, Nigeria”. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 14(15), pp. 5236-5240, 2019.
  • [14]. T. Sisay, A. Bevene, and E. Alemayehu, “Spatiotemporal variability of drinking water quality and the associated health risk in Southwestern towns of Ethiopia”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 189(11), pp. 208-212, 2017.
  • [15]. B. Desye, B. Belete, Z. Asfaw Gebrezgi, and Terefe Reda, T. “Efficiency of Treatment Plant and Drinking Water Quality Assessment from Source to Household, Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia”. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Vol. 201, pp. 1-8, 2021.
  • [16]. M.T. Martins, G. Castillo, and B.J. Dutka. “Evaluation of drinking water treatment plant efficiency in microorganism removal by the coliphage, total coliform and H2S paper strip tests”. Water Science and Technology, Vol. 35(11), pp. 403-407, 1997
  • [17]. United Nations (2020). “Ensuring Available Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for all”. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6 (Accessed 6th November 2021).
  • [18]. E.A. Badr, and A.A. Al-Naeem. “Assessment of Drinking Water Purification Plant Efficiency in Al-Hassa, Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia”. Sustainability, Vol. 13(11), pp. 6122-6129, 2021.
  • [19]. A.S. Hassan, J. Musa Hayatu, and I.U. Mohammed. “An Overview of Water Supply Infrastructural Challenges in Nigeria: A case study of Taraba State”. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 13(1), pp. 46-51, 2016.
  • [20]. E.A. Adams, Y.I. Adams, and C. Koki. “Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Insecurity will exacerbate the toll of COVID-19 on Women and Girls in Low-Income Countries”. Sustainability, Science, Practice and Policy, Vol. 17(1), pp. 86-90, 2021.
  • [21]. H.T. Ishaku, M.A. Hussain, F.M. Dama, A.A. Zemba, and A.A. Peter. “Planning for water in Wukari”. Journal of Water Resources and Protection, Vol. 2(1), pp. 916-922, 2010.
  • [22]. Nigerian Industrial Standard (2007). “Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality”, Abuja – Nigeria. Standard Organization of Nigeria, 2007.
  • [23]. American Public Health Association (1998). “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater”. United States – APHA, 1998.
  • [24]. M. Radojevic, and V.N. Bashkin. “Practical Environmental Analysis”. 2nd Edition, Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2006.
  • [25]. R. Amfo-Out, J.B. Agyenim, and G.B. Nimba-Bumah. “Correlation Analysis of Groundwater Colouration from Mountainous Areas, Ghana”. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, Vol. 67(1), pp. 16-24, 2014.
  • [26]. M.H. Geriesh, B.M.H. Mansour, and H. Farouk. “Assessment of drinking water quality along Port Said Canal treatment plants, Suez Canal corridor, Egypt”. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 12(23), pp. 1-13, 2019.
  • [27]. M. Malakootian, and A. Fatehizadeh. “Colour removal from water by coagulation/caustic soda and lime”. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Vol. 7(3), pp. 267-275, 2010.
  • [28]. B. Ramavandi. “Treatment of water turbidity and bacteria by using a coagulant extracted from Plantago ovata”. Water Resources and Industry, Vol. 6, pp. 36-50, 2014.
  • [29]. S.K. Shukla, N. Al Mushaigri, S. Rashid, H.M. Al Subhi, K. Yoo, and H. Al Sadeq. “Low-cost activated carbon production from organic waste and its utilization for wastewater treatment”. Applied Water Science, Vol. 10(2), pp. 1-9, 2020.
  • [30]. B. Joseph, K. Kaetzl, F. Hensgen, B. Schäfer, and M. Wachendorf. “Sustainability assessment of activated carbon from residual biomass used for micropollutant removal at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant”. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 15(6), pp. 64023, 2020.
  • [31]. W.A. Abel, A. Jimoh, A.S. Abdulkareem, and A. Giwa. “Production of activated carbon from watermelon peel”. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, Vol. 5(2), pp. 66-71, 2014.
  • [32]. K.J. Choi, S-G. Kim, and S-H. Kim. “Removal of antibiotics by coagulation and granular activated carbon filtration”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 151(1), pp. 38-43, 2008.
  • [33]. K. Konieczny, and G. Klomfas. “Using activated carbon to improve natural water treatment by porous membranes”. Desalination, Vol. 147(1), pp. 109-116, 2002. [34]. A.T. Alves, D.J. Lasmar, I.P. de Andrade Miranda, J. da Silva, and J . dos Santos Reis. “The potential of activated carbon in the treatment of water for human consumption, a study of the state of the art and its techniques used for its development”. Advances in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Vol. 12, pp. 143-153, 2021.
  • [35]. J. Jjagwe, P.W. Olupot, E. Menya, and H.M. Kalibbala. “Synthesis and Application of Granular Activated Carbon from Biomass Waste Materials for Water Treatment: A Review”. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, Vol. 6(4), pp. 292-322, 2021.
  • [36]. X. Xing, T. Li, Z. Bi, P. Qi, Z. Li, H. Wang, L. Lyu, Y. Gao, and C. Hu. “Efficiency removal of disinfection by-products precursors and inhibition of bacteria detachment by strong interaction of EPS with coconut shell activated carbon in ozone biofiltration”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 392, pp. 122077.
  • [37]. D.M. Golea, P. Jarvis, B. Jefferson, G. Moore, S. Sutherland, S.A. Parsons, and S.J. Judd. “Influence of granular activated carbon media properties on natural organic matter and disinfection by-products precursor removal from drinking water”. Water Research, Vol. 174, pp. 115613.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Water Resources and Water Structures
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Samaila Ezekiel This is me 0000-0002-0740-2964

Williams Joshua 0000-0002-5135-8681

Abel Gin Williams This is me 0000-0001-5791-4282

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date December 28, 2021
Acceptance Date April 10, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ezekiel, S., Joshua, W., & Gin Williams, A. (2022). Assessing the efficiency of drinking water treatment plant and the impact of broken distribution systems on water quality of Wukari-Ibi plant. Environmental Research and Technology, 5(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1044500
AMA Ezekiel S, Joshua W, Gin Williams A. Assessing the efficiency of drinking water treatment plant and the impact of broken distribution systems on water quality of Wukari-Ibi plant. ERT. June 2022;5(2):155-164. doi:10.35208/ert.1044500
Chicago Ezekiel, Samaila, Williams Joshua, and Abel Gin Williams. “Assessing the Efficiency of Drinking Water Treatment Plant and the Impact of Broken Distribution Systems on Water Quality of Wukari-Ibi Plant”. Environmental Research and Technology 5, no. 2 (June 2022): 155-64. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1044500.
EndNote Ezekiel S, Joshua W, Gin Williams A (June 1, 2022) Assessing the efficiency of drinking water treatment plant and the impact of broken distribution systems on water quality of Wukari-Ibi plant. Environmental Research and Technology 5 2 155–164.
IEEE S. Ezekiel, W. Joshua, and A. Gin Williams, “Assessing the efficiency of drinking water treatment plant and the impact of broken distribution systems on water quality of Wukari-Ibi plant”, ERT, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 155–164, 2022, doi: 10.35208/ert.1044500.
ISNAD Ezekiel, Samaila et al. “Assessing the Efficiency of Drinking Water Treatment Plant and the Impact of Broken Distribution Systems on Water Quality of Wukari-Ibi Plant”. Environmental Research and Technology 5/2 (June 2022), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1044500.
JAMA Ezekiel S, Joshua W, Gin Williams A. Assessing the efficiency of drinking water treatment plant and the impact of broken distribution systems on water quality of Wukari-Ibi plant. ERT. 2022;5:155–164.
MLA Ezekiel, Samaila et al. “Assessing the Efficiency of Drinking Water Treatment Plant and the Impact of Broken Distribution Systems on Water Quality of Wukari-Ibi Plant”. Environmental Research and Technology, vol. 5, no. 2, 2022, pp. 155-64, doi:10.35208/ert.1044500.
Vancouver Ezekiel S, Joshua W, Gin Williams A. Assessing the efficiency of drinking water treatment plant and the impact of broken distribution systems on water quality of Wukari-Ibi plant. ERT. 2022;5(2):155-64.