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Gender Roles and Personality Predictors of Life Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Analysis

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 484 - 493, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.1377713

Abstract

COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has had significant effects on societies, even though its effects have largely diminished. The psychological state of individuals who cannot leave their homes for long periods during the lockdown practices implemented in many countries is a special situation that needs to be examined. Women and men who stay together at home for long periods may experience conflict with other people. The extent to which this situation is related to the personality traits and gender roles of individuals is a subject of research. For this reason, this study investigates the predictive power of personality traits and gender roles on life satisfaction during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study group consists of 571 participants (Female: 327, 42.73%; Male: 244, 57.27%) selected from Türkiye and Georgia, aged between 18 and 50 (Meanage: 21.89, df: 4.09). The results show that adopting feminine and masculine gender roles in both cultures contributes to an increase in individuals' life satisfaction levels, while having neurotic personality traits causes individuals' life satisfaction levels to decrease. However, in Georgia, being extraverted, conscientious, emotionally stable, and exhibiting the characteristics of feminine and masculine gender roles were seen as predictors of life satisfaction, while in Türkiye, being emotionally stable and adopting the feminine gender role were determined as variables that increased life satisfaction. The results obtained were discussed in line with the literature.

References

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COVID-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Yaşam Doyumunun Yordayıcıları olarak Cinsiyet Rolleri ve Kişilik: Kültürlerarası Bir Analiz

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 484 - 493, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.1377713

Abstract

COVID-19, etkileri büyük ölçüde azalmış olsa da toplumlar üzerinde önemli etkiler bırakan küresel bir salgındır. Birçok ülkede gerçekleştirilen kapanma uygulamaları döneminde evlerinden uzunca süre çıkamayan bireylerin psikolojik durumları ise incelenmesi gereken özel bir durumdur. Ev içerisinde uzun süreler birlikte kalan kadın ve erkekler karşılarındaki kişilerle çatışma yaşayabilmektedir. Bu durumun bireylerin sahip olduğu kişilik özellikleri ve cinsiyet rolleri ile ne derece ilişkili olduğu araştırma konusudur. Bu sebeple bu çalışma, COVID-19 salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan eve kapanma döneminde kişilik özellikleri ve cinsiyet rollerinin yaşam doyumu üzerindeki yordayıcı gücü araştırmaktadır. Çalışma grubu Türkiye ve Gürcistan'dan seçilen, yaşları 18 ile 50 arasında (OrtYaş:21,89, Ss:4,09) 571 katılımcıdan (Kadın:327, %42,73; Erkek: 244, %57,27) oluşmaktadır. Sonuçlar, her iki kültürde kadınsı ve erkeksi cinsiyet rollerini benimsemiş olmanın bireylerin yaşam doyumu düzeylerinin artışına katkı sunduğunu, nevrotik kişilik özelliklerine sahip olmanın ise bireylerin yaşam doyumu düzeylerinin azalmasına sebep olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte Gürcistan’da dışadönüklük, sorumluluk, duygusal açıdan dengeli olma, kadınsı ve erkeksi cinsiyet rollerinin özelliklerini gösterme yaşam doyumunun yordayıcılarından olarak görülmekteyken Türkiye’de duygusal açıdan dengeli olma ve kadınsı cinsiyet rolünü benimseme yaşam doyumunda artış sağlayan değişkenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar literatür doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır.

References

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  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 1537–1545 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Ali, I. (2018). Personality traits, individual innovativeness and satisfaction with life. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.11.002
  • Altunan, B., Unal, A., Bingöl, A., Dilek, F., & Girgin, D. (2021). Coping with stress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic by Turkish people with multiple sclerosis: The relationship between perceived stress and quality of life. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 53, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2021.103039
  • Aschwanden, D., Strickhouser, J. E., Sesker, A. A., Lee, J. H., Luchetti, M., Stephan, Y., … Terracciano, A. (2020). Psychological and behavioural responses to coronavirus disease 2019: The role of personality. European Journal of Personality. 35(1), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2281
  • Aydin Ozkan, S., & Kucukkelepce, D. S. (2019). Do university students' personality traits affect their attitudes towards gender roles?. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 55(4), 562-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12375
  • Basım, H. N., Çetin, F., & Tabak, A. (2009). The relationship between Big Five Personality Characteristics and conflict resolution. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24(63), 20–34.
  • Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 42, 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036215
  • Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 729–750. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.729
  • Best, D. L., & Foster, D. J. (2004). Gender and culture. Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology, 51–63.
  • Burani, K., & Nelson, B. D. (2020). Gender differences in anxiety: The mediating role of sensitivity to unpredictable threat. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 153, 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.001
  • Caci, B., Miceli, S., Scrima, F. & Cardaci, M. (2020) Neuroticism and Fear of COVID-19. The Interplay between boredom, fantasy engagement, and perceived control over time. Frontiers in Psychology, 1-10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.574393
  • Carvalho, L. F., Pianowski, G., & Gonçalves, A. P. (2020). Personality differences and COVID-19: are extroversion and conscientiousness personality traits associated with engagement with containment measures? Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 42(2), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2020-0029
  • Ciocca, G., Zauri, S., Limoncin, E., Mollaioli, D., Lenzi, A., & Jannini, E. A. (2018). 606 are masculinity and femininity correlated with attachment styles? A pilot study with Bem Sex Role Inventory and Attachment Style Questionnaire. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(3), 355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.513
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2002). Research methods in education. Routledge.
  • Costa, P. & McCrae, R. R. (2002). Personality in adulthood: A Five-Factor Theory perspective. Management Information Systems Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203428412
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsem, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Eagly, A. H., & Chrvala, C. (1986). Sex differences in conformity: Status and gender role interpretations. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 10(3), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1986.tb00747.x
  • Ercan, E. U., & Uçar, S. (2021). Gender roles, personality traits and expectations of women and men towards marriage. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 16(1), 7-20.
  • Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Junior and Adult). Kent, UK: Hodder & Stoughton.
  • Field, A. (2013) Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics: And sex and drugs and rock “n” roll, 4th Edition, Sage, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi.
  • Foa, R.S., Fabian, M & Gilbert, S. (2022) Subjective well-being during the 2020–21 global coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from high frequency time series data. Plos One, 17(2), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263570
  • Hezel, D. M., Rapp, A. M., Wheaton, M. G., Kayser, R. R., Rose, S. V., Messner, G. R., ... & Simpson, H. B. (2022). Resilience predicts positive mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Yorkers with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 150, 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.040
  • Iashvili. M. (2020). Mental Health and Covid-19 Adolescents: The role of individual and social factors. (Unpublished master's thesis). Tbilisi State University, Georgia.
  • Joshanloo, M. (2018). Gender differences in the predictors of life satisfaction across 150 nations. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 312–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.043
  • Kang, S. M., Shaver, P. R., Sue, S., Min, K.-H., & Jing, H. (2003). Culture-specific patterns in the prediction of life satisfaction: roles of emotion, relationship quality, and self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(12), 1596–1608. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203255986
  • Kavtaradze, S. (2020). The relationship between personality and COVID-19 related anxiety. (Unpublished Bachelor’s Thesis). Tbilisi State University, Georgia
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There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychological Counseling and Guidance (Other)
Journal Section Online First
Authors

Evren Erzen 0000-0001-9726-2688

Khatuna Martskvishvili 0000-0003-2611-3655

Muhammet Ali Karaduman 0000-0001-6089-223X

Nato Laghıdze 0000-0002-5837-8917

Early Pub Date September 28, 2024
Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date October 24, 2023
Acceptance Date September 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 26 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Erzen, E., Martskvishvili, K., Karaduman, M. A., Laghıdze, N. (2024). Gender Roles and Personality Predictors of Life Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(3), 484-493. https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.1377713