Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology 2149-4584 Erzincan Binali Yildirim University 10.18185/erzifbed.637570 Engineering Mühendislik Bir Çalışma Ortamında Bulunan Trafo Etrafındaki Oldukça Düşük Frekanslı Manyetik Alanların Ölçümü ve Risk Değerlendirilmesi Measurement and Risk Assessment of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields around Transformers in a Working Place https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1309-9391 Özden Semih MİLLİ SAVUNMA ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6003-6556 Sırav Aral Bahriye GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-7981 Canseven Kurşun Ayşe Gülnihal GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ Seyhan Nesrin 08 31 2020 13 2 857 867 10 24 2019 08 30 2020 Copyright © 2008, Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology 2008 Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology

Transformatörler, aşırıdüşük frekanslı (ELF) manyetik alanlara (MF'ler) maruz kalınan en yaygın kaynaktürü olarak karşılaşılmaktadır. Transformatör, elektromanyetik indüksiyonyoluyla iki veya daha fazla devre arasında elektrik enerjisini aktaran elektriklibir cihazdır. Günümüzde oldukça düşük frekanslı elektromanyetik (EM) alanlarınsağlık üzerindeki etkileri sıkça tartışılmıştır, ancak işçiler / çalışanlariçin çeşitli transformatörler etrafında yapılan birkaç ölçüm çalışması vardır.Bu çalışmada, Ankara'da bulunan bir işyerinde trafo ve pano sahası etrafındakiEM alanları ölçülmüş ve standartlar açısından değerlendirilmiştir. İnsanlarınUluslararası Kanser Araştırmaları Ajansı (IARC) kanser limitleri üzerindekiELF-MF'lere maruz kaldığı görülmüştür. Birçok insan çalışma saatleri içindeyorulma, immünolojik şikâyetler, baş dönmesi, bazı kanser vakaları gibi sağlık şikâyetleriolduğunu da bildirmiştir. Bu şekilde sistemlerin bulunduğu alanlarda insanlariçin güvenli mesafeler veya alanlar oluşturulmalı, maruz kalınan alanları enaza indirmek için önlemler alınmalıdır.

Transformers presentthe most common source of exposure to excessive extremely low frequency (ELF)magnetic fields (MFs). Atransformeris anelectrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuitsthroughelectromagnetic induction.Nowadays the effects ofextremely low frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields on health have beendiscussed frequently but there is few measurement studies performed aroundvarious transformers for workers. In thisstudy, the leakage fields around transformers and enclosures site were measured in Ankara and evaluatedin terms of standards. It has been observed that people were exposed to ELF-MFsabove International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) cancer limits. Manypeople reported health complaints such as being tired in most working hours,immunological complaints, dizziness, some cancer cases are also observed there.In these systems areas safe distances or areas for people should be realizedand precautions should therefore betaken to minimize the fields exposed

 Transformers Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields General Public Workers Exposure Limits Transformatör oldukça düşük frekans manyetik alan halk sağlığı çalışanlar maruziyet limitleri Gazi University Research Foundation 31 / 2002-07 Ahlbom, A., Day, N., Feychting, M., Roman, E., Skinner, J., Dockerty, J., Linet, M., McBride, M., Michaelis, J., Olsen, J. H., Tynes, T., Verkasalo, P. K. (2000). A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer, 83(5), 692-698. doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1376 Canseven, A. G., Coskun, S., & Seyhan, N. (2008). Effects of various extremely low frequency magnetic fields on the free radical processes, natural antioxidant system and respiratory burst system activities in the heart and liver tissues. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 45(5), 326-331. Canseven, A. G., Seyhan, N., Mirshahidi, S., & Imir, T. (2006). Suppression of natural killer cell activity on Candida stellatoidea by a 50 Hz magnetic field. Electromagn Biol Med, 25(2), 79-85. doi:10.1080/15368370600697453 Greenland, S., Sheppard, A. R., Kaune, W. T., Poole, C., & Kelsh, M. A. (2000). A pooled analysis of magnetic fields, wire codes, and childhood leukemia. Childhood Leukemia-EMF Study Group. Epidemiology, 11(6), 624-634. Guler, G., Turkozer, Z., Ozgur, E., & Seyhan, N. (2009). Antioxidants alleviate electric field-induced effects on lung tissue based on assays of heme oxygenase-1, protein carbonyl content, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and hydroxyproline. Sci Total Environ, 407(4), 1326-1332. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.050 Hardell, L., & Sage, C. (2008). Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed Pharmacother, 62(2), 104-109. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2007.12.004 Hareuveny, R., Kandel, S., Yitzhak, N. M., Kheifets, L., & Mezei, G. (2011). Exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields in apartment buildings with indoor transformer stations in Israel. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 21(4), 365-371. doi:10.1038/jes.2010.20 IARC. (2002). Non-ionizing radiation, Part 1: static and extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 80, 1-395. ICNIRP. (1998). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). . Health Phys, 74(4), 494-522. ICNIRP. (2009). ICNIRP statement on the "Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)". Health Phys, 97(3), 257-258. doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181aff9db Ilonen, K., Markkanen, A., Mezei, G., & Juutilainen, J. (2008). Indoor transformer stations as predictors of residential ELF magnetic field exposure. Bioelectromagnetics, 29(3), 213-218. doi:10.1002/bem.20385 Kandel, S., Hareuveny, R., Yitzhak, N. M., & Ruppin, R. (2013). Magnetic field measurements near stand-alone transformer stations. Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 157(4), 619-622. doi:10.1093/rpd/nct170 Kheifets, L., Ahlbom, A., Crespi, C. M., Draper, G., Hagihara, J., Lowenthal, R. M., . . . Wunsch Filho, V. (2010). Pooled analysis of recent studies on magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer, 103(7), 1128-1135. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605838 Kheifets, L., & Shimkhada, R. (2005). Childhood leukemia and EMF: review of the epidemiologic evidence. Bioelectromagnetics, 7, 51-59. doi:10.1002/bem.20139 Li, C. Y., Sung, F. C., Chen, F. L., Lee, P. C., Silva, M., & Mezei, G. (2007). Extremely-low-frequency magnetic field exposure of children at schools near high voltage transmission lines. Science of the Total Environment, 376(1-3), 151-159. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.058 Maluckov, B. S., Tasic, V., Alagic, S., Mladenovic, S., Pejkovic, J. T., Radovic, M. K., & Maluckov, C. A. (2014). Measurement of Extremely Low Frequent Magnetic Induction in Residential Buildings. International Journal of Environmental Research, 8(3), 583-590. Ozgur, E. (2006). Variation in Mobile Phone Radiation with Voices of Different Frequencies and Strengths, Effects on Tissue Hydroxyproline Level. (MSc), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. Roosli, M., Jenni, D., Kheifets, L., & Mezei, G. (2011). Extremely low frequency magnetic field measurements in buildings with transformer stations in Switzerland. Sci Total Environ, 409(18), 3364-3369. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.041 Schuz, J., Grigat, J. P., Stormer, B., Rippin, G., Brinkmann, K., & Michaelis, J. (2000). Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 39(4), 233-240. doi:DOI 10.1007/s004110000068 Seyhan, N., Canseven, A. G., & Guler, G. (2006). Animal Studies on the Effect of SMF and ELF EMF, in Bioelectromagnetics: Current Concepts (S. A. A. M. M. (USA) Ed.). Netherlands: Springer Press. Sirav, B., & Seyhan, N. (2009a). Blood-brain barrier disruption by continuous-wave radio frequency radiation. Electromagn Biol Med, 28(2), 215-222. Sirav, B., & Seyhan, N. (2009b). Radio frequency radiation (RFR) from TV and radio transmitters at a pilot region in Turkey. Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 136(2), 114-117. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncp152 Sirav, B., Sezgin, G., & Seyhan, N. (2014). Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields of transformers and possible biological and health effects. Electromagn Biol Med, 33(4), 302-306. doi:10.3109/15368378.2013.834447 Sirav, B., Tuysuz, M. Z., Canseven, A. G., & Seyhan, N. (2010). Evaluation of non ionizing radiation around the dielectric heaters and sealers: a case report. Electromagn Biol Med, 29(4), 144-153. doi:10.3109/07435800.2010.505149 Szabo, J., Janossy, G., & Thuroczy, G. (2007). Survey of residential 50 Hz EMF exposure from transformer stations. Bioelectromagnetics, 28(1), 48-52. doi:10.1002/bem.20264 Thuroczy, G., Janossy, G., Nagy, N., Bakos, J., Szabo, J., & Mezei, G. (2008). Exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field in apartment buildings with built-in transformer stations in Hungary. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 131(4), 469-473. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn199 Tomruk, A., Guler, G., & Dincel, A. S. (2010). The influence of 1800 MHz GSM-like signals on hepatic oxidative DNA and lipid damage in nonpregnant, pregnant, and newly born rabbits. Cell Biochem Biophys, 56(1), 39-47. doi:10.1007/s12013-009-9068-1 Tuysuz, M. Z. (2007). Determination of Mobile Phone Exposure Based RF Dosimetry by using FDTD Methods. (MSc ), Gazi University, Ankara, TURKEY.