A Research on the Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Milk and Dairy Products for Sale in Diyarbakir by ELISA

Year 2019, , 479 - 488, 24.03.2019

Ömer Faruk Yeşil , Abdulkerim Hatipoğlu , Abdunnasır Yıldız , Aydın Vural , Mehmet Emin Erkan

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.498862

Cited By: 3

Abstract

In this study, the contamination levels of Aflatoxin M₁ of
248 sterilized/UHT milk, Beyaz Cheese, Cecil Cheese, Cokelek, Cream Cheese, Lor
Cheese, Van Otlu (herbed) Cheese, Van Otlu Lavash Cheese and butter samples from
randomly selected market and supermarkets from Diyarbakir province center were
determined by ELISA method. The average AFM₁ contamination value of
the cheese and butter samples investigated was 133.51 ng/kg; while the minimum
and maximum values were 50 and 595.31 ng/kg, respectively. On the other hand,
the average AFM₁ value of 13 sterilized milk samples was 52.59 ng/kg;
minimum and maximum values were determined as 25.97 and 80.0 ng/kg,
respectively. In the study, the AFM₁ results of 34 samples (13.7%)
of sterilized milk, Cecil Cheese, Cokelek, Cream Cheese, Lor Cheese, Van Otlu Cheese,
Van Otlu Lavash Cheese and butter samples were exceeded the limits set by the
European Commission for AFM₁ (50 and 250 ng/kg). The results of the
analysis show that the milk and dairy products those were offered for
consumption in Diyarbakir had a limited potential for consumers in terms of AFM₁. 

Keywords

ELISA, AFM1, cheese, butter, milk

Diyarbakır’da Tüketime Sunulan Süt ve Ürünlerinde Aflatoksin M1 düzeylerinin ELISA ile Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Bu çalışmada,
Diyarbakır il merkezinde bulunan toplu ve perakende satış noktalarında tüketime
arz edilen 248 adet sterilize/UHT süt, Beyaz Peynir, Çeçil Peyniri, Çökelek,
Krem Peynir, Lor Peyniri, Van Otlu Peyniri, Van Otlu Lavaş Peyniri ve tereyağı örneğinin
Aflatoksin M₁ (AFM₁) bulaşma düzeyi ELISA yöntemi
kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmaya konu olan peynir ve tereyağı
örneklerinin ortalama AFM₁ kontaminasyonu 133.51 ng/kg; minimum ve maksimum değerleri ise 50 ve
595.31 ng/kg olarak ortaya konmuştur. Diğer taraftan 13 adet sterilize süt
örneğinin ortalama AFM₁ değeri 52.59 ng/kg; minimum ve maksimum
değerleri ise 25.97 ve 80.0 ng/kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada sterilize
süt, Çeçil Peyniri, Çökelek, Krem peynir, Lor Peyniri, Van Otlu Peyniri, Van
Otlu Lavaş Peyniri ve tereyağı olmak üzere toplam 34 (% 13.7) örnek Avrupa
Komisyonu’ nda AFM₁ için belirtilen limitleri (50 ve 250 ng/kg)
aşmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, Diyarbakır’da tüketime sunulan süt ve ürünlerinin
AFM₁ yönünden sınırlı da olsa tüketiciler için potansiyel bir risk
taşıdığını göstermektedir.  Bu nedenle çiğ
süt/peynir/tereyağı üretiminin kaynağı olan süt hayvanlarının yem depolama
alanları hem sıcaklık hem de nem açısından kontrol altında tutulmalıdır. Diğer
taraftan sürdürülebilir modern süt üretim çiftlikleri kurulmalıdır. Ayrıca yem
üreten işletme sahibi ve personelin, üretimleri sırasında uygulanması gereken
hijyen ve sanitasyon kuralları açısından eğitilmeleri büyük önem arz
etmektedir. 

Keywords

ELISA, AFM1, peynir, tereyağı, süt

References

• Akdemir, C., Altintas., A., 2004. Investigation of aflatoxin-M1 presence and levels in milk processed in Ankara by HPLC. The Journal of Ankara Univ. Vet. Fac., 51:175-179.
• Aksoy, A., Atmaca, E., Yazici, F., Guvenc, D., Gul, O., Dervisoglu, M., 2016. Comparative Analysis of Aflatoxin M1 in Marketed Butter by ELISA and HPLC. The Journal of Kafkas Univ.Vet.Fac., 22(4):619-621.
• Alkan, Y., Gonulalan, Z., 2006. A study on aflatoxin M1 moisture and acidity values in Beyaz cheeses offered for sale in Amasya. Journal of Health Sciences, 15 (2), 91-98.
• Anonim, 2010. European Commission (EC) Regulation: Commission Regulation No. 165/2010 of 26 February 2010 Amending Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffsAs Regards Aflatoxins, Official Journal European Union L 50/8.
• Aydemir Atasever, M., Adiguzel, G., Atasever, M., Ozturan, K., 2010a. Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Some Cheese Types Consumed in Erzurum, Turkey. The Journal of Kafkas Univ.Vet.Fac., 16(Suppl-A):87-91.
• Aydemir Atasever, M., Atasever, M., Ozturan, K., Urcar, S., 2010b. Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Level in Butter Samples Consumed in Erzurum, Turkey. The Journal of Kafkas Univ.Vet.Fac., 16(Suppl-A):159-162.
• Bakirci, I, 2001. A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products produced in Van province of Turkey. Food Control, 12(1):47-51.
• Barrios, M.J., Gualda, M.J., Cabanas, J.M., Medina, L.M., Jordano, R., 1996. Occurence of aflatoxin M1 in cheeses from the South of Spain. Journal of Food Protection, 59, 898- 900.
• Blanco, J.L., Dominguez, L., Gomez-Lucia, E., Garayzabal J.F.F., Goyache, J., Suarez, G., 1988. Behaviour of aflatoxin during manufacture, ripening and storage of Manchego type cheese. Journal of Food Science, 53, 1373-1376.
• Cassel E.K., Campbell B., Draper M., Epperson, B., 2001. Aflatoxins, Hazards in Grain / Aflatoxicosis and Livestock. FS 907.
• Cathey, C.G., Huang, Z.G., Sarr, A.B., Clement, B.A., Philips, T.D., 1994. Development and Evaluation of a Minicolumn Assay for the Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 77 (5): 1223-1231.
• Creppy, E.E., 2002. Update of survey, regulation and toxic effect of mycotoxins in Europe, Toxicology Letters, Review, 127, 19–28.
• Celik, T.H., , Sarimehmetoglu, B., Kuplulu, O., 2005. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurised milk, Veterinarski Arhiv, 75 (1): 57-65.
• Cetin, T., Gursoy, A., Deveci, O., Sezgin, E., 2005. Determination of aflatoxin M1 contents of Kashar cheese presented for sale in Ankara market. Food Techology, 9: 93-95.
• DeWaat, J., C., Van Zadelhat, Eldelbrook, A., 1974. Aflatoksin Alimenta, 13:35-43.
• Dincel, A., Demli, F., Durlu-Ozkaya, F., Alatan, F., Uzun, R., Subası, S.A., 2012. Analysis of aflatoxin M1 in various cheese samples by HPLC. Journal of Turkish Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 69(2): 89-96.
• Dincoglu, A.H., Gonulalan, Z., Kok, H., 2012. Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Cheese Sold in Izmit Region by Elisa. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, NWSA -Veterinary Sciences, 3B0019, 7(1): 1-6.
• Durakovic, L., Mrkonjic-Fuka, M., Skelin, A., Durakovic, S., Redzepovic, S., 2012. Incidence of aflatoxin M1 in milk used fort he production of Istrian cheese. The 47th Croatian and 7th International Symposium on Agriculture, Opatija, Crotia, 679-683.
• El Nimr, A.A., Eissa, H.A., El-Abd, M.M., Mehrız, A.A., Abbas, H.M., Bayoumi, H.M., 2010. Water Activity, Color Characteristics and Sensory Properties of Egyptian Gouda Cheese during Ripening, Journal of American Science, 6 (10), 447-453.
• Elzupir, A.O., Elhussein, A.M., 2010. Determination of aflatoxin M1 in dairy cattle milk in Khartoum State, Sudan. Food Control, 21:945–946.
• Erkan, M.E., Vural, A., Guran, H.Ş., 2009. Diyarbakır Örgü Peynirinde Aflatoksibn M1 ile Verotoksin 1 ve 2 Varlığının Araştırılması. The Journal of Dicle Univ. Vet.Fac., 1(1):19-25.
• Fallah, A.A., Jafari, T., Fallah, A., Rahnama, M., 2009. Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in Iranian White and cream cheese. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47:1872-1875.
• Fallah, A.A., 2010. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized and UHT milk marketed in central part of Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48:998-991.
• Filazi, A., Ince, S., Temamogulları, F., 2010. Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in cheeses produced by dairy ewe’ s milk in Urfa city, Turkey. The Journal of Ankara Univ. Vet. Fac., 57:197-199.
• Galvano, F., Galofaro, V., Galvano, G., 1996. Occurrence and stability of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products: a world wide review. Journal of Food Protection, 10,1079- 1090.
• Gunsen, U., Buyukyoruk, I., 2003. Determination of bacteriological quality and AFM1 levels of fresh Kashar cheese supplied from the market. Turk Journal Vet. Animal Science 2: 821-825.
• Gurses , M., Erdogan, A., Cetin, B., 2004. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Some Cheese Types Sold in Enzurum, Turkey. Turk J. Vet. Anim Sci., 28, 527-530.
• Hatipoglu, A., Yesil, O.F., Vural, A., Erkan, M. E., Yildiz, A., 2016. Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Orgu Cheese Produced by Traditional Methods in Diyarbakır by ELISA. 23rd National Biology Congress, 5-9 September, Gaziantep, 103.
• Hazer, A., 2011. The Investigations of Prevalence and Amount of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milks Obtained from Denizli and Aydın. Adnan Menderes University Institute of Health Sciences Department of Food Hygiene, M.Sc. Thesis, 57p.
• Iqbal, S.Z., Asi, M.R., 2013. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products from Punjab, Pakistan. Food Control, 30(1):235-239.
• Isleyici, O., Morul, F., Sancak, Y.C., 2012. Investigation of aflatoxin M1 level in UHT sterilized cow milk presented in Van. Yuzuncu Yıl University The Journal of Veterinary Faculty, 23(2): 6569.
• Karadal, F., Ertas Onmaz, N., Hizlisoy, H., Yildirim, Y., Al, S., Gonulalan, Z., 2018. Aflatoxin M1 Levels In Raw Sheep, Goat And Cow Milks In Niğde Province. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 11(2): 119-125.
• Kamkar, A., 2008. Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk samples by ELISA. J. Vet.Res., 63(2):7-12.
• Kirecci, E., Savasci, M., Ayyildiz, A., 2007. Determination of the presence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and cheese products consumed in Sarıkamış. Turkish Journal of Infection, 21(2):93-96.
• Kok, Z., 2006. Investigation of Aflatoxin Presence in Milk and Dairy Products Produced in Aydın and Its Environs. Adnan Menderes University Institue of Health Sciences, M.Sc. Thesis, 48-49.
• Kogustun, F., 2013. Investigation of Aflatoxin M1 Presence in Fresh Kashar and Melting Cheese Samples Presented in Aydın and Izmir by ELISA. Adnan
• Menderes Univ. Institute of Health Sciences Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, M.Sc. Thesis, 45p.
• Malissiova, E., Tsakalof, A., Arvanitoyannis, I.S., Katsafliaka, A., Katsioulis, A., Tserkezou, P., Koureasa, M., Govarise, A., Hadjichristodoulou, C., 2013. Monitoring Aflatoxin M1 levels in ewe's and goat's milk in Thessaly, Greece; potential risk factors under organic and conventional production schemes. Food Contr., 34: 241-248.
• Mohajeri, F.A., Ghalebib, S.R. Rezaeianc, M., Gheisarid, H.R., Azade, H.K., Zolfagharid, A., Fallah, A.A., 2013. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in white and Lighvan cheese marketed in Rafsanjan, Iran. Food Control, 33(2), 525-527.
• Ozdemir, M., 2007. Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in goat milk consumed in Kilis province. Ankara Univ The Journal of Veterinary Faculty, 54:99-103.
• Ozturk, B., Celik, F., Celik, Y., Kabaran, S., Ziver, T., 2014. To Determine the Occurence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in Samples of Cyprus Traditional Cheese (Halloumi): A Cross-Sectional Study. Kafkas Universtiy The Journal of Veterinary Faculty, 20 (5), 773-778.
• Pitter, A., 1998. Natural Occurrence Of Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds an Updated Review. Revue de Medicine Veterinaire, 149, 479-492.
• Rahimi, E., Bonyadian, M., Rafei, M., Kazemeini, H.R., 2010. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk of five dairy species in Ahvaz, Iran. Food Chem Toxicol. 48(1):129-131.
• Sarimehmetoglu, B., Kuplulu, O., Celik, T.H., 2004. Detection of aflatoxin M1 in cheese samples by ELISA. Food Control. 15, 45-49.
• Tavakoli, H.R., Riazipour, M., Kamkar, A., Shaldehi, H.R., Nejad, A.S.M., 2012. Occurrence of aflatoxin M-1 in Beyaz cheese samples from Tehran, Iran. Food Control, 23, 293-295.
• Torkar, K.G., Vengust, A., 2008. The presence of yeasts, moulds and aflatoxin M1 in raw milk and cheese in Slovenia. Food Control, 19(6):570–577.
• Unusan, N., 2006. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk in Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44:1897-1900.
• Unal, R. N., Besler, H. T., 2008. The Importance of Milk in the Diet. Ministry of Health Publication No: 727, Klasmat Press, First Edition, 37p.
• Yurt, B., Ulucay, B., 2016. Determination of Some Chemical Properties and Aflatoxin M1 of Raw Cow Milk Produced on Igdır and Region. International Conference on Natural Science and Engineering (ICNASE’16), March 19-20, Kilis, p3624-3635.