Abundance and Distribution of Fish in the Zilan Stream (Van/ Turkey) Its Relationship with Some Physicochemical Parameters

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 204 - 216, 27.03.2022

Mustafa Akkuş Mehmet Tahir Huyut

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.997093

Abstract

In the recent decades, river regulation attempts, dams and wastewater discharge have not only influenced the water-quality and physical-habitat-structures of the rivers in a bad way but they have also threatened fish-stocks. The aim of this study is to examine the multi-relationship structure between the fish-species-density living in the Zilan-Stream, the largest stream of Lake-Van, and the physicochemical-parameters in this stream. Fish-density was found out with the records from the 12-stations located on Zilan-Stream. From the stations, water-temperature, habitat-score, pH, conductivity, dissolved-oxygen (DO), phosphate (PO4), nitrate (NO3), turbidity and height values were obtained. The correlation structure of the obtained parameters with fish-density was analyzed by canonical-correspondence-analysis (CCA). CCA axes fully explained the response of fish-density to physicochemical-parameters. As a result of the CCA, it was observed that the species concentrated in environments with less-conductivity and low nitrate/pH levels. Species were hypersensitive to altitude, and were found more intensely at mid/low altitudes. In addition, it was observed that the species concentrated in high-habitat score and oxygen-rich stations. It was observed that the species prefer medium/low temperature more and concentrate in environments with low-solids content. It is expected that the data obtained from this study will contribute to the management of areas to be protected in Zilan-Stream.

Keywords

Zilan Stream, fish density, physicochemical parameters, habitat variables, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)

References

• Adeosun, F. I. (2019). Effects of anthropogenic activities on water quality, and phosphate and nitrates in the sediment of River Ogun at Ijaye, Isabo and Oke-sokori, Ogun State. Int. J. Of Biological and Chemical Sci. 13(3), 1261-1270.
• Carter, M. G., Copp, G. H., Szomlai, V. (2004). Seasonal abundance and microhabitat use of bullhead Cottus gobio and accompanying fish species in the River Avon (Hampshire), and implications for conservation. Aqu. Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecos. 14, 395-412. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.617
• Carvajal-Quintero, J. D., Escobar, F., Alvarado, F., Villa-Navarro, F. A., Jaramillo-Villa, Ú., Maldonado-Ocampo, J. A. (2015). Variation in freshwater fish assemblages along a regional elevation gradient in the northern Andes, Colombia. Ecology and Evolution, 5(13), 2608-2620. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1539
• Dikov, T., Zivkov, M. (2004). Abundance and biomass of fishes in the Veleka River, Bulgaria. Folia Zoologica, 53(1), 81-86.
• Dodkins, I. A. N., Rippey, B., Hale, P. (2005). An application of canonical correspondence analysis for developing ecological quality assessment metrics for river macrophytes. Freshwater Bio. 50, 891-904. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01360.x
• Erös, T., Botta-Dukát, Z., Grossman, G. D. (2003). Assemblage structure and habitat use of fishes in a Central European submontane stream: a patchbased approach. Eco. of Freshwater Fish. 12, 141-150. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0633.2003.00009.x
• Fu, C., Wu, J., Chen, J., Wu, Q., Lei, G. (2003). Freshwater fish biodiversity in the Yangtze River basin of China: patterns, threats and conservation. Biodiversity & Conservation, 12, 1649-1685.
• Gard, R., Flittner, G. A. (1974). Distribution and abundance of fishes in Sagehen Creek, California. J of Wildl. Manage, 38, 347-358.
• Han, C. C., Tew, K. S. Fang, L. S. (2007). Spatial and temporal variations of two cyprinids in a subtropical mountain reserve a result of habitat disturbance. Eco. of Freshwater Fish, 16, 395–403.
• Huyut, M. T., Keskin, S. (2021). The Success of Restricted Ordination Methods in Data Analysis with Variables at Different Scale Levels. Erzincan University, Journal of Science and Technology, 14(1), 215-231.
• Jennings, M. J., Johnson, K., Staggs, M. (1996). Shoreline protection study: a report to the Wisconsin state legislature. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Publication PUBL-RS-921–96, Madison.
• Kerschbaumer, P., Tritthart, M., Keckeis, H. (2020). Abundance, distribution, and habitat use of fishes in a large river (Danube, Austria): mobile, horizontal hydroacoustic surveys vs. a standard fishing method. ICES J. of Marine Sci., 77 (5), 1966-1978. DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa081.
• Korkmaz, A. Ş. (2005). Density and Biomass of Fish in Kadıncık (Çamlıyayla-Mersin) Brook. Journal of Agricultural Sci., 11, 91-97.
• Kramer, D. L. (1987). Dissolved oxygen and fish behavior. Environmental Bio. of fishes, 18(2), 81-92. DOI: 10.1007/BF00002597
• Kumar, S. D., Santhanam, P., Krishnaveni, N., Raju, P., Begum, A., Ahmed, S. U., Perumal, P., Pragnya, M., Dhanalakshmi, B., Kim, M. K. (2020). Baseline assessment of water quality and ecological indicators in Penaeus vannamei farm wastewater along the Southeast coast of India. Marine Poll. Bull., 160, 111579. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111579.
• Lara, E. N., Gonzalez, E.A. (1998). The relationship between reef fish community structure and environmental variables in the southern Mexican Caribbean. J. of Fish Bio., 53, 209-221.
• Makarenkov, V., Legendre, P. (2002) Nonlinear Redundancy Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis Based on Polynomial Regression. Ecology, 83(4), 1146-61.
• Mardia, K. V., Kent, J. T., Bibby, J. M. (1979). Multivariate analysis. Academic Press. London. England.
• Marchetti, M. P., Moyle, P. B. (2001). Effects of flow regime on fish assemblages in a regulated California stream. Ecological Appl., 11(2), 530-539.
• Matthews, W. J. (1998). Patterns in freshwater fish ecology. Rev. in Fish Bio. and Fish, 8, 495-497. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4066-3
• O’Connell, M. T., Cashner, R. C., Schieble, C. S. (2004). Fish assemblage stability over fifty years in the Lake Pontchartrain estuary; comparisons among habitats using canonical correspondence analysis. Estuaries, 27(5), 807-817.
• Oksanen, J. (2004). Multivariate Analysis in Ecology (Lecture notes). Department of Biology. University of Oulu.
• Palacios-Sánchez, S. E., Vega-Cendejas, M. E., Hernández-de-Santillana, J. M., Aguilar-Medrano, R. (2019). Anthropogenic impacts in the nearshore fish community of the Yucatan Coastal Corridor. A comparison of protected and unprotected areas. J. for Nature Cons., 51, 125721.
• Palmer, M. W. (1993). Putting things in even better order: the advantages of canonical correspondence analysis. Ecology, 8(74), 2215-30.
• Pinto, B. C. T., Araujo, F. G., Hughes, R. M. (2006). Effects of landscape and riparian condition on a fish index of biotic integrity in a large southeastern Brazil river. Hydrobiologia, 556, 69-83.
• Pizarro, J., Vergara, P. M., Rodriguez, J. A., Valenzuela, A. M. (2010). Heavy metals in northern Chilean rivers: spatial variation and temporal trends. The J. of Hazardous Materials, 181, 747-754. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.076.
• Plafkin, J. L., Barbour, M. T., Porter, K. D., Gross, S. K., Hughes, R. M. (1989). Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and rivers: Benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. EPA 440-4-89-001
• Qadir, A., Malik, R. N., Ahmad, T., Sabir, A. M., (2009). Patterns and distribution of fish assemblage in Nullah Aik and Nullah Palkhu Sialkot, Pakistan. Bio. Diversity and Cons., 2, 110–124
• Rice, E. W., Baird, R. B., Eaton, A. D. (2017). Standard Methods For The Examination of Water and Wastewater. 23 st Ed. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation; Washington, DC, (USA). P. 1015.
• Saporta, G. (1990). Probabilites. analyses de don&es et statistiques. Editions Technip. Paris, 492-93.
• Sarı, M., Akkuş, M. (2016). Investigation of the effects on freshwater fish of flood control studies in Ilıca and Kömürcü Streams (Erciş-Van). Ege J Fish Aqua Sci, 32(3),127-134.
• Specziar, A., Eros, T. (2020). Development of a fish-based index for the assessment of the ecological status of Lake Balaton in the absence of present day reference condition. Knowl. Manag. of Aqut. Ecosyst, 421, 1-11. DOI: 10.1051/kmae/2020002.
• Şahin, S. K., Zeybek, M. (2016). Distribution of Mollusca fauna in the streams of Tunceli Province (East Anatolia, Turkey) and its relationship with some physicochemical parameters. Turkish J. of Fish. and Aquatic Sci., 16 (1), 187-195.
• Tapia, J., Bertrán, C., Araya, C., Astudillo, M. J., Vargas-Chacoff, L., Carrasco, G., Letelier, L. (2009). Study of the copper, chromium and lead content in mugil cephalus and eleginops maclovinus obtained in the mouths of the maule and mataquito rivers (maule region, chile). J. of the Chil. Chem. Soc., 54 (1), 36-39.
• Ter Braak, C. J. F. (1986). Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecological Society of America, 5(67), 1167-79.
• Ter Braak, C. J. F. (1987). The Analysis of Vegetation-Environment Relationships by Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Vegetatio, 64, 69-77.
• Ter Braak, C. J. F., Prentice, I. C. (1988). A theory of gradient analysis. Adv. Ecol. Res., 18, 271–317.
• Ter Braak, C. J. F., Verdonschot, P. F. (1995). Canonical correspondence analysis and related multivariate methods in aquatic ecology. Aquatic sci., 57, 255-289.
• Ticiani, D., Delariva, R. L. (2020). The biotic condition of dams run-of-the-river in sequence: adaptation of a multimetric index based on the Neotropical fish fauna. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192, 1-15. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08367-2.
• Zucchetta, M., Scapin, L., Franco, A., Franzoi, P. (2020). Uncertainty in developing fish based multi-metric indices. Eco. Indi. 108: 105768. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105768.