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DEVELOPMENT OF FATHER INVOLVEMENT SCALE (FIS)

Year 2014, Volume: 13 Issue: 49, 104 - 123, 10.09.2014
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.23977

Abstract

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to develop a scale which determines father involvement of fathers having children aged between 3 and 6. The participants of the study were 350 fathers who had preschool children. Participating fathers at the age of 36.4 (SD=4.9). In the first stage after reviewing the scales that evaluated father involvement in our country and abroad, some of the items of the scale developed in present study were collected directly or by changing, and some of the items were developed by the researchers. Thus, an item pool consisting of 79 items was generated. All of the items in this item pool were investigated, then similar expressions were eliminated and ambiguous expressions were excluded. Also the remaining items arranged in sentences and study was continued on a total of 48 items. For the purpose of identifying intelligibility of the items, these 48 items applied to seven fathers as a pilot study. As a result of that application, it was seen that there was no vague item and 48 items were used to analyze. According to the results of the principal axis factoring analysis with direct oblimin rotation, 11 items were excluded from the scale. The final version of the scale consisted of 37 items. Three dimensions emerged as a result of factor analysis named as Arbitrary Occupation (AO), Attention and Closeness (AC), and Primary Care (PC), considering the items in these dimensions. According to the results of reliability analyses, Cronbach's alpha values were found as .89 for Arbitrary Occupation (AO), .83 for Primary Care (PC), .85 for Attention and Closeness (AC) and .92 for total score of the scale. According to the results of the validity and reliability analyses it was established that father involvement scale developed in this study has sufficient level of psychometric properties.
Key Words: Father involvement, father-child relationship, father involvement scale

References

  • Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and Loss (Vol: 1), U.S.A. Tavistock Institute of Human Relation.
  • Brown, G. L., McBride, G. A., Shin, N., & Bost, K. K. (2007). Parenting predictors of fatherchild attachment security: interactive effects of father involvement and fathering quality. Fathering, 5 (3), 197-219.
  • Buckley, C. K., & Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J. (2010). Father involvement and coparenting behavior: parents’ nontraditional beliefs and family earner status as moderators. Personal Relationships, 17, 413-431.
  • Bulanda, R. E. (2004). Paternal involvement with children: the influence of gender ideologies. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66 (1), 40-45.
  • Cabrera, N., Fitzgerald, H. E., Bradley, R. H., & Roggman, L. (2007). Modeling the dynamics of paternal influences on children over the life course. Applied Development Science, 11 (4), 185-189.
  • Castillo, J., Welch, G., & Sarver, C. (2010). Fathering: the relationship between fathers’ residence, fathers’ sociodemographic characteristics, and father involvement. Matern Child Health Journal.
  • Coley, R. L., & Morris, J. E. (2002). Comparing father and mother reports of father involvement among low-income minority families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 982-99
  • Day, R. D., & Lamb, M. E. (2004). Conceptualizing and measuring father involvement: pathways, problems, and progress. R. D. Day., & M. E. Lamb, (Eds.), Conceptualizing and Measuring Father Involvement içinde (1-15), New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Downer, J., Campos, R., McWayne, C., & Gartner, T. (2008). Father involvement and children’s early learning: a critical review of published empirical work from the past 15 years. Marriage & Family Review, 43 (1/2), 67-108.
  • Easterbrooks, M. A., & Goldberg, W. A. (1984). Toddler development in the family: impact of father involvement and parenting characteristic. Child Development, 55, 740-752. Evans, C. (1997). Turkish fathers’ attitudes to and involvement in their fathering role: a low socio-economic sample. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Feldman, R. (2000). Parents’ convergence on sharing and marital satisfaction, father involvement, and parent–child relationship at the transition to parenthood. Infant Mental Health Journal, 21 (3), 176–191.
  • Gaertner, B. M., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., & Greving, K. A. (2007). Parental childrearing attitudes as correlates of father involvement during infancy. J Marriage Fam., 69 (4), 962-97
  • Güngörmüş, O. (1992). Babanın Çocuğun Zekası, Akademik Başarısı ve Benlik Kavramı Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi. Gürşimşek, I., Kefi, S., & Girgin, G. (2007). Okul öncesi eğitime babaların katılım düzeyi ile ilişkili değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 181- 191.
  • Hawkins A. J., Bradford, K. P., Palkovitz, R., Christiansen, S. L., Day, R. D., & Call, V. R. A. (2002). The inventory of father involvement: a pilot study of a new measure of father involvement. The Journal of Men’s Studies,10 (2), 183-196.
  • Hawkins, A. J., Lovejoy, K. R., Holmes, E. K., Blanchard, V. L., & Fawcett, E. (2008). Increasing fathers’ involvement in child care with a couple-focused intervention during the transition to parenthood. Family Relations, 57, 49–59.
  • Head-Reeves, D. M. (2010). Paternal involvement among African-American fathers in twoparent families: influences in early child development. Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi, University of North Carolina.
  • Ishii-Kuntz, M., Makino, K., Kato, K., & Tsuchiya, M. (2004). Japanese fathers of preschoolers and their involvement in child care. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 779-79
  • Jacobs, J. N., & Kelley, M. L. (2006). Predictors of paternal involvement in childcare in dualearner families with young children. Fathering, 4 (1), 23-47.
  • Karabulut Demir, E. ve Şendil, G. (2008). Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği (ETÖ). Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11 (21), 15-25.
  • Kuruçırak, Ş. (2010). 4-12 aylık bebeği olan babaların, babalık rolü algısı ile bebek bakımına katılımı arasındaki ilişk. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi.
  • Marsiglio, W. (1991). Paternal engagement activities with minor children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53 (4), 973-986.
  • Masciadrelli, B. P., Pleck, J. H., & Stueve, J. L. (2006). Fathers' role model perceptions: themes and linkages with involvement. Men and Masculinities, 9 (1), 23-34.
  • McBride, B. A., Schoppe, S. J., & Rane, T. R. (2002). Child characteristics, parenting stress, and parental involvement: fathers versus mothers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 998–1011.
  • Mehall, K. G., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., & Gaertner, B. M. (2009). Examining the relations of infant temperament and couples’ marital satisfaction to mother and father involvement: a longitudinal study. Fathering, 7 (1), 23-48.
  • Meteyer, K., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (2010). Father involvement among working-class, dual earner couples. Fathering, 8 (3), 379-403.
  • Öğüt, Ü. (1998). Father involvement with respect to the age and gender of preschool children and the employment status of the mother in a sample of upper and middle socioeconomic status Turkish father. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Palkovitz, R. (2002). Involved fathering and child development: Advancing our understanding of good fathering. C. Tamis-LaMonda, & N. Cabrerra (Eds.), Handbook of Father Involvement içinde (119–140), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Paquette, D., Bolte, C., Turcotte, G., Dubeau, D., & Bouchard, C. (2000). A new typology of fathering: defining and associated variables. Infant & Child Development, 9 (4), 2132
  • Parke, R. D. (2000). ‘Father Involvement: A Developmental Psychological Perspective. Marriage & Family Review, 29 (2/3), 43-58.
  • Paulson, J. F., Dauber, S. E., & Leiferman, J. A. (2010). Parental depression, relationship quality, and nonresident father involvement with their infants. Journal of Family Issues 20 (10), 1–22.
  • Pekkarakaş, E. (2010). 3-6 yaş çocukların babalarının çocuk yetiştirme tutumları ile eğitime katılım düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
  • Pleck, J. H. (2010). Paternal involvement: revised conceptualization and theoretical linkages with child outcomes. M. E. Lamb, (Ed.), The Role Of The Father In Child Development içinde (5th ed.) (58-93), Canada: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Tamis-Le Monda, C., & Cabrera, N. (2002). Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Father Involvement: An Introduction. C. Tamis-LaMonda, & N. Cabrerra (Eds.), Handbook of Father Involvement içinde (xi-xviii), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Ünlü, Ş. (2010). Being fathered and being a father: examination of the general pattern of Turkish fathers’ and their own fathers’ involvement level for children between the ages of 0- Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Williams, D. T. (2009). Predictors of paternal commitment and paternal involvement among low-income African American fathers. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Mississippi State University.

BABA KATILIM ÖLÇEĞİ'NİN (BAKÖ) GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Year 2014, Volume: 13 Issue: 49, 104 - 123, 10.09.2014
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.23977

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 3-6 yaş aralığında çocuğu olan babaların baba katılımını değerlendiren bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını okul öncesi çocuğu olan 350 baba oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 36.4'tür (SS=4.9). Bu çalışmada geliştirilen ölçeğin maddeleri ilk aşamada, ülkemizde ve yurtdışında baba katılımını ölçen ölçüm araçlarının gözden geçirilmesinin ardından, maddelerin bazıları doğrudan ya da değiştirilerek alınmış, bazıları da araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş, böylece 79 maddelik bir havuz oluşturulmuştur. Bu madde havuzunun bütün maddeleri incelenmiş, ardından benzer ifadeler elenmiş, belirsiz olan ifadeler çıkartılmış, geriye kalan maddeler de cümleler şeklinde düzenlenerek toplam 48 madde üzerinden çalışmaya devam edilmiştir. Maddelerin anlaşılabilirliğini tespit etmek amacıyla bu 48 madde yedi babaya pilot çalışma olarak uygulanmıştır. Bu uygulama sonucunda anlaşılmayan madde olmadığı görülmüş ve 48 madde ile analizler yapılmıştır. Geçerlik çalışmaları kapsamında yapılan ana eksen boyutlandırma yöntemi ve oblik rotasyon sonucunda 11 madde ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Bu şekilde ölçek 37 madde ile son halini almıştır. Faktör analizi sonucunda ortaya çıkan üç boyut, içerdikleri maddeler dikkate alınarak Keyfi Meşguliyet (KM), İlgi ve Yakınlık (İY) ve Temel Bakım (TB) olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Yapılan güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayıları, Keyfi Meşguliyet boyutu için .89; Temel Bakım boyutu için .83; İlgi ve Yakınlık boyutu için .85 ve BAKÖ Toplam puanı için .92 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri sonuçlarına göre, bu çalışma ile oluşturulan Baba Katılım Ölçeği'nin (BAKÖ) yeterli düzeyde psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Baba katılımı, baba-çocuk ilişkisi, baba katılım ölçeği

References

  • Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and Loss (Vol: 1), U.S.A. Tavistock Institute of Human Relation.
  • Brown, G. L., McBride, G. A., Shin, N., & Bost, K. K. (2007). Parenting predictors of fatherchild attachment security: interactive effects of father involvement and fathering quality. Fathering, 5 (3), 197-219.
  • Buckley, C. K., & Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J. (2010). Father involvement and coparenting behavior: parents’ nontraditional beliefs and family earner status as moderators. Personal Relationships, 17, 413-431.
  • Bulanda, R. E. (2004). Paternal involvement with children: the influence of gender ideologies. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66 (1), 40-45.
  • Cabrera, N., Fitzgerald, H. E., Bradley, R. H., & Roggman, L. (2007). Modeling the dynamics of paternal influences on children over the life course. Applied Development Science, 11 (4), 185-189.
  • Castillo, J., Welch, G., & Sarver, C. (2010). Fathering: the relationship between fathers’ residence, fathers’ sociodemographic characteristics, and father involvement. Matern Child Health Journal.
  • Coley, R. L., & Morris, J. E. (2002). Comparing father and mother reports of father involvement among low-income minority families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 982-99
  • Day, R. D., & Lamb, M. E. (2004). Conceptualizing and measuring father involvement: pathways, problems, and progress. R. D. Day., & M. E. Lamb, (Eds.), Conceptualizing and Measuring Father Involvement içinde (1-15), New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Downer, J., Campos, R., McWayne, C., & Gartner, T. (2008). Father involvement and children’s early learning: a critical review of published empirical work from the past 15 years. Marriage & Family Review, 43 (1/2), 67-108.
  • Easterbrooks, M. A., & Goldberg, W. A. (1984). Toddler development in the family: impact of father involvement and parenting characteristic. Child Development, 55, 740-752. Evans, C. (1997). Turkish fathers’ attitudes to and involvement in their fathering role: a low socio-economic sample. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Feldman, R. (2000). Parents’ convergence on sharing and marital satisfaction, father involvement, and parent–child relationship at the transition to parenthood. Infant Mental Health Journal, 21 (3), 176–191.
  • Gaertner, B. M., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., & Greving, K. A. (2007). Parental childrearing attitudes as correlates of father involvement during infancy. J Marriage Fam., 69 (4), 962-97
  • Güngörmüş, O. (1992). Babanın Çocuğun Zekası, Akademik Başarısı ve Benlik Kavramı Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi. Gürşimşek, I., Kefi, S., & Girgin, G. (2007). Okul öncesi eğitime babaların katılım düzeyi ile ilişkili değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 181- 191.
  • Hawkins A. J., Bradford, K. P., Palkovitz, R., Christiansen, S. L., Day, R. D., & Call, V. R. A. (2002). The inventory of father involvement: a pilot study of a new measure of father involvement. The Journal of Men’s Studies,10 (2), 183-196.
  • Hawkins, A. J., Lovejoy, K. R., Holmes, E. K., Blanchard, V. L., & Fawcett, E. (2008). Increasing fathers’ involvement in child care with a couple-focused intervention during the transition to parenthood. Family Relations, 57, 49–59.
  • Head-Reeves, D. M. (2010). Paternal involvement among African-American fathers in twoparent families: influences in early child development. Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi, University of North Carolina.
  • Ishii-Kuntz, M., Makino, K., Kato, K., & Tsuchiya, M. (2004). Japanese fathers of preschoolers and their involvement in child care. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 779-79
  • Jacobs, J. N., & Kelley, M. L. (2006). Predictors of paternal involvement in childcare in dualearner families with young children. Fathering, 4 (1), 23-47.
  • Karabulut Demir, E. ve Şendil, G. (2008). Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği (ETÖ). Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11 (21), 15-25.
  • Kuruçırak, Ş. (2010). 4-12 aylık bebeği olan babaların, babalık rolü algısı ile bebek bakımına katılımı arasındaki ilişk. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi.
  • Marsiglio, W. (1991). Paternal engagement activities with minor children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53 (4), 973-986.
  • Masciadrelli, B. P., Pleck, J. H., & Stueve, J. L. (2006). Fathers' role model perceptions: themes and linkages with involvement. Men and Masculinities, 9 (1), 23-34.
  • McBride, B. A., Schoppe, S. J., & Rane, T. R. (2002). Child characteristics, parenting stress, and parental involvement: fathers versus mothers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 998–1011.
  • Mehall, K. G., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., & Gaertner, B. M. (2009). Examining the relations of infant temperament and couples’ marital satisfaction to mother and father involvement: a longitudinal study. Fathering, 7 (1), 23-48.
  • Meteyer, K., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (2010). Father involvement among working-class, dual earner couples. Fathering, 8 (3), 379-403.
  • Öğüt, Ü. (1998). Father involvement with respect to the age and gender of preschool children and the employment status of the mother in a sample of upper and middle socioeconomic status Turkish father. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Palkovitz, R. (2002). Involved fathering and child development: Advancing our understanding of good fathering. C. Tamis-LaMonda, & N. Cabrerra (Eds.), Handbook of Father Involvement içinde (119–140), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Paquette, D., Bolte, C., Turcotte, G., Dubeau, D., & Bouchard, C. (2000). A new typology of fathering: defining and associated variables. Infant & Child Development, 9 (4), 2132
  • Parke, R. D. (2000). ‘Father Involvement: A Developmental Psychological Perspective. Marriage & Family Review, 29 (2/3), 43-58.
  • Paulson, J. F., Dauber, S. E., & Leiferman, J. A. (2010). Parental depression, relationship quality, and nonresident father involvement with their infants. Journal of Family Issues 20 (10), 1–22.
  • Pekkarakaş, E. (2010). 3-6 yaş çocukların babalarının çocuk yetiştirme tutumları ile eğitime katılım düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
  • Pleck, J. H. (2010). Paternal involvement: revised conceptualization and theoretical linkages with child outcomes. M. E. Lamb, (Ed.), The Role Of The Father In Child Development içinde (5th ed.) (58-93), Canada: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Tamis-Le Monda, C., & Cabrera, N. (2002). Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Father Involvement: An Introduction. C. Tamis-LaMonda, & N. Cabrerra (Eds.), Handbook of Father Involvement içinde (xi-xviii), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Ünlü, Ş. (2010). Being fathered and being a father: examination of the general pattern of Turkish fathers’ and their own fathers’ involvement level for children between the ages of 0- Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Williams, D. T. (2009). Predictors of paternal commitment and paternal involvement among low-income African American fathers. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Mississippi State University.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hilal Sımsıkı

Gül Şendil This is me

Publication Date September 10, 2014
Submission Date September 10, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 13 Issue: 49

Cite

APA Sımsıkı, H., & Şendil, G. (2014). BABA KATILIM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN (BAKÖ) GELİŞTİRİLMESİ. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(49), 104-123. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.23977

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Emine AHMETOĞLU
https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2018..-368784

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Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

ESBD Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu tarafından tescil edilmiştir. Marka No:2011/119849.