Research Article
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Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence as Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 559 - 566, 15.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.559

Abstract

In this study it is aimed to analyze the smartphone addiction, fear of missing out (FoMO), and perceived social and academic competence that predict social media addiction on high school students. Study group consists of 296 (136 females and  160 males) high school students studying in Anatolian High Schools and Vocational High School in Mersin during the 2017-2018 academic year. Simple random sampling was used. In the study, descriptive survey method was used. As data collection tools, Personal Information Form, Social Media Addiction Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMO), Perceived Competence Scale developed by Ozer et al. were used. In analyses of data, regression was used. According to stepwise regression analysis, smartphone addiction (β = .34), fear of missing out (β = .26) and perceived academic competence (β = -.12) predict social media addiction level on high school students. As the result of the study, smartphone addiction, fear of missing out, and perceived academic competence predict social media addiction on high school students. When the smartphone addiction level and fear of missing out decrease, and also perceived academic competence improve, students’ smartphone addiction levels reduce.


References

  • American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Alabi, O. F. (2013). A survey of Facebook addiction level among selected Nigerian university undergraduates. New Media and Mass Communication, 10, 70–80.
  • Andreassen, C. S., Tosheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook book addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517.
  • Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252–262. doi: 10.1037/adb0000160
  • Banyai, F., Zsila, A., Kiraly, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M., … Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PLOS ONE, 12(1), e0169839. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169839
  • Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 156–162.
  • Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., Wolfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252–266.
  • Gokler, M. E., Aydin, R., Unal, E., & Metintas, S. (2016). Sosyal ortamlarda gelismeleri kacirma korkusu olceginin Turkce surumunun gecerlilik ve guvenilirliginin degerlendirilmesi [Determining validity and reliability of Turkish version of Fear of Missing out Scale]. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(Suppl.1), 53–59.
  • Griffiths, M. D. (1995). Technological addictions. Clinical Psychology Forum, 76, 14–19.
  • Griffiths, M. D. (2000). Does Internet and computer “addiction” exist? Some case study evidence. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 3(2), 211–218.
  • Griffiths, M. D. (2005). A “components” model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191–197.
  • Griffiths, M. D., Pontes, H. M., & Kuss, D. J. (2016). Online addictions: Conceptualizations, debates, and controversies. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 3(2), 151-164.
  • Griffiths, M., & Kuss, D. J. (2017). Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health, 35(3), 49–52.
  • Griffiths, M., Kuss, D. J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Social networking addiction: An overview of preliminary findings. In K. Rosenberg & L. Feder (Eds.), Behavioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence, and Treatment (119–141.). New York, NY: Elsevier.
  • Harter, S. (2012). Self-perception profile for adolescents: Manual and questionnaires. Retrieved from https://portfolio.du.edu/SusanHarter/page/44210
  • Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). To excel or not to excel: Strong evidence on the adverse effect of smartphone addiction on academic performance. Computers & Education, 98, 81–89. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.007
  • Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. (2013). Online experience in social media: Two paths to feeling close and connected. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1990005
  • Hosgor, H., Koc-Tutuncu, S., Gunduz-Hosgor, D., & Tandogan, O. (2017). Universite ogrencileri arasinda sosyal medyadaki gelismeleri kacirma korkusu yayginliginin farkli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [Examination in terms of different variables of prevalence of fear of missing out among college students]. Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(17), 213–223.
  • Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68.
  • Kemp, S. (2018). Digital in 2018: World's internet users pass the 4 billion mark. Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/blog/2018/01/global-digital-report-2018.
  • Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction - A review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3528–3552.
  • Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 1-17.
  • Kwon, M., Lee, J., Won, W., Park, J., Min, J., Hahn, … Kim, D. (2013). Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLOS ONE, 8(2), 1-7.
  • Lenhart, A., Purcell, K., Smith, A., & Zickuhr, K. (2010). Social media & mobile Internet use among teens and young adults. Retrieved from http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Social-Media-and-Young-Adults.aspx
  • Masur, P. K., Reinecke, L., Ziegele, M., & Quiring, O. (2001). The interplay of intrinsic need satisfaction and Facebook specific motives in explaining addictive behavior on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 376–386.
  • McCay-Peet, L., & Quan-Haase, A. (2016). What is social media and what questions can social media research help us answer? In L. Sloan, & A. Quan-Haase (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods (pp. 13–26). London, UK: SAGE.
  • McCormick, C. M., Kuo, S. I-C., & Masten, A. S. (2011). Developmental tasks across the lifespan. In K. L. Fingerman, C. A. Berg, J. Smith, & T. C. Antonucci (Eds.), Handbook of lifespan development (pp. 117–140). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Merelle, S. Y. M., Kleiboer, A. M., Schotanus, M., Cluitmans, T. L. M., Waardenburg, C. M., Kramer, D. van de Mheen, D., & van Rooij, A. J. (2017). Which health-related problems are associated with problematic video-gaming or social media use in adolescents? A large-scale cross-sectional study. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 14(1), 11–19.
  • Mingle, J., Adams, M., & Adjei, E. A. (2016). A comparative analysis of social media usage and academic performance in public and private senior high schools. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(7), 13–22.
  • Mohammadi, S., Valinejadi, A., Saman, J. A., Karimpour, H., Kaivanfar, M., Safaeipour, M., Mohammadi, A., & Kawyannejad, R. (2018). Assessment of addiction to internet, smartphone and social networks among students of medical sciences: A cross sectional study. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 15(4), 1-8.
  • Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M., & Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 51–60.
  • Ozer, A., Genctanirim Kurt, D., Kizildag, S., Demirtas Zorbaz, S., Arici, F., Acar, T., & Ergene, T. (2016). Ergenler icin yeterlik algisi olceginin (YAO) gelistirilmesi [Developing perceived competence scale (PCS) for adolescents]. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 7(1), 237–250.
  • Park, W. K. (2005). Mobile phone addiction. In R. Ling, & P. Pedersen (Eds.), Mobile Communications: Re-negotiation of the Social Sphere (pp. 253–272). London, UK: Springer.
  • Pelling, E., & White, K. M. (2009). The theory of planned behaviour applied to young people’s use of social networking Web sites. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12(6), 755–759.
  • Petry, N. M. (2016). Introduction to behavioral addictions. In N. M. Petry (Ed.), Behavioral Addictions DSM-5 and Beyond (pp. 1–7). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848.
  • Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., Ryan, R. M., & Rigby, C. S. (2009). Having to versus wanting to play: Background and consequences of harmonious versus obsessive engagement in video games. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12(5), 485–492.
  • Reinecke, L., Vorderer, P., & Knop, K. (2014). Entertainment 2.0? The role of intrinsic and extrinsic need satisfaction for the enjoyment of Facebook use. Journal of Communication, 64(3), 417–438.
  • Salehan, M., & Negahban, A. (2013). Social networking on smartphones: When mobile phones become addictive. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2632–2639.
  • Satici, B., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A., & Eraslan, C. B. (2014). Social competence and psychological vulnerability as predictors of Facebook addiction. Studia Psychologica, 56(4), 301–308.
  • Savci, M., Ercengiz, M., & Aysan, F. (2018). Turkish adaptation of the Social Media Disorder Scale in adolescents. Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi, 55(3), 248–255.
  • Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(12), 1270–1279.
  • Sofiah, S., Omar, S. Z., Bolong, J., & Osman, M. N. (2011). Facebook addiction among female university students. Revista De Administratie Publica Si Politici Sociale, 2(7), 95–109.
  • Subrahmanyam, K., & Smahel, D. (2011). Digital youth: The role of media in development. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Sata, M., Celik, I., Erturk, Z., & Tas, E. U. (2016). Akilli telefon bagimliligi olcegi’nin (ATBO) Turk lise ogrencileri icin uyarlama calismasi [The study of adapting Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) for Turkish high school students]. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 7(1), 156–169.
  • Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann, W. B. (1995). Self-liking and self-competence as dimensions of global self-esteem: Initial validation of a measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(2), 322–342.
  • Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann, W. B. (2001). Two-dimensional self-esteem: Theory and measurement. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(5), 653–673.
  • Tas, I. (2017). Ergenler icin Sosyal Medya Bagimliligi Olcegi Kisa Formunun (SMBO-KF) gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi [The study of validity and reliability of the Social Media Addiction Scale Short Form for adolescents]. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 4(1), 27–40.
  • van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The social media disorder scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 478–487. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.038
  • Vanden Abeele, M., & van Rooij, T. (2016). Fear of missing out (FOMO) as a predictor of problematic social media use among teenagers. International Conference on Behavioral Addictions, Abstracts. Presented at the International Conference on Behavioral Addictions.
  • Wilson, K., Fornasier, S., & White, K. M. (2010). Psychological predictors of young adults’ use of social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(2), 173–177.
Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 559 - 566, 15.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.559

Abstract

References

  • American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Alabi, O. F. (2013). A survey of Facebook addiction level among selected Nigerian university undergraduates. New Media and Mass Communication, 10, 70–80.
  • Andreassen, C. S., Tosheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook book addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517.
  • Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252–262. doi: 10.1037/adb0000160
  • Banyai, F., Zsila, A., Kiraly, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M., … Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PLOS ONE, 12(1), e0169839. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169839
  • Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 156–162.
  • Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., Wolfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252–266.
  • Gokler, M. E., Aydin, R., Unal, E., & Metintas, S. (2016). Sosyal ortamlarda gelismeleri kacirma korkusu olceginin Turkce surumunun gecerlilik ve guvenilirliginin degerlendirilmesi [Determining validity and reliability of Turkish version of Fear of Missing out Scale]. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(Suppl.1), 53–59.
  • Griffiths, M. D. (1995). Technological addictions. Clinical Psychology Forum, 76, 14–19.
  • Griffiths, M. D. (2000). Does Internet and computer “addiction” exist? Some case study evidence. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 3(2), 211–218.
  • Griffiths, M. D. (2005). A “components” model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191–197.
  • Griffiths, M. D., Pontes, H. M., & Kuss, D. J. (2016). Online addictions: Conceptualizations, debates, and controversies. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 3(2), 151-164.
  • Griffiths, M., & Kuss, D. J. (2017). Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health, 35(3), 49–52.
  • Griffiths, M., Kuss, D. J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Social networking addiction: An overview of preliminary findings. In K. Rosenberg & L. Feder (Eds.), Behavioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence, and Treatment (119–141.). New York, NY: Elsevier.
  • Harter, S. (2012). Self-perception profile for adolescents: Manual and questionnaires. Retrieved from https://portfolio.du.edu/SusanHarter/page/44210
  • Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). To excel or not to excel: Strong evidence on the adverse effect of smartphone addiction on academic performance. Computers & Education, 98, 81–89. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.007
  • Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. (2013). Online experience in social media: Two paths to feeling close and connected. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1990005
  • Hosgor, H., Koc-Tutuncu, S., Gunduz-Hosgor, D., & Tandogan, O. (2017). Universite ogrencileri arasinda sosyal medyadaki gelismeleri kacirma korkusu yayginliginin farkli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [Examination in terms of different variables of prevalence of fear of missing out among college students]. Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(17), 213–223.
  • Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68.
  • Kemp, S. (2018). Digital in 2018: World's internet users pass the 4 billion mark. Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/blog/2018/01/global-digital-report-2018.
  • Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction - A review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3528–3552.
  • Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 1-17.
  • Kwon, M., Lee, J., Won, W., Park, J., Min, J., Hahn, … Kim, D. (2013). Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLOS ONE, 8(2), 1-7.
  • Lenhart, A., Purcell, K., Smith, A., & Zickuhr, K. (2010). Social media & mobile Internet use among teens and young adults. Retrieved from http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Social-Media-and-Young-Adults.aspx
  • Masur, P. K., Reinecke, L., Ziegele, M., & Quiring, O. (2001). The interplay of intrinsic need satisfaction and Facebook specific motives in explaining addictive behavior on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 376–386.
  • McCay-Peet, L., & Quan-Haase, A. (2016). What is social media and what questions can social media research help us answer? In L. Sloan, & A. Quan-Haase (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods (pp. 13–26). London, UK: SAGE.
  • McCormick, C. M., Kuo, S. I-C., & Masten, A. S. (2011). Developmental tasks across the lifespan. In K. L. Fingerman, C. A. Berg, J. Smith, & T. C. Antonucci (Eds.), Handbook of lifespan development (pp. 117–140). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Merelle, S. Y. M., Kleiboer, A. M., Schotanus, M., Cluitmans, T. L. M., Waardenburg, C. M., Kramer, D. van de Mheen, D., & van Rooij, A. J. (2017). Which health-related problems are associated with problematic video-gaming or social media use in adolescents? A large-scale cross-sectional study. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 14(1), 11–19.
  • Mingle, J., Adams, M., & Adjei, E. A. (2016). A comparative analysis of social media usage and academic performance in public and private senior high schools. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(7), 13–22.
  • Mohammadi, S., Valinejadi, A., Saman, J. A., Karimpour, H., Kaivanfar, M., Safaeipour, M., Mohammadi, A., & Kawyannejad, R. (2018). Assessment of addiction to internet, smartphone and social networks among students of medical sciences: A cross sectional study. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 15(4), 1-8.
  • Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M., & Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 51–60.
  • Ozer, A., Genctanirim Kurt, D., Kizildag, S., Demirtas Zorbaz, S., Arici, F., Acar, T., & Ergene, T. (2016). Ergenler icin yeterlik algisi olceginin (YAO) gelistirilmesi [Developing perceived competence scale (PCS) for adolescents]. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 7(1), 237–250.
  • Park, W. K. (2005). Mobile phone addiction. In R. Ling, & P. Pedersen (Eds.), Mobile Communications: Re-negotiation of the Social Sphere (pp. 253–272). London, UK: Springer.
  • Pelling, E., & White, K. M. (2009). The theory of planned behaviour applied to young people’s use of social networking Web sites. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12(6), 755–759.
  • Petry, N. M. (2016). Introduction to behavioral addictions. In N. M. Petry (Ed.), Behavioral Addictions DSM-5 and Beyond (pp. 1–7). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848.
  • Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., Ryan, R. M., & Rigby, C. S. (2009). Having to versus wanting to play: Background and consequences of harmonious versus obsessive engagement in video games. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12(5), 485–492.
  • Reinecke, L., Vorderer, P., & Knop, K. (2014). Entertainment 2.0? The role of intrinsic and extrinsic need satisfaction for the enjoyment of Facebook use. Journal of Communication, 64(3), 417–438.
  • Salehan, M., & Negahban, A. (2013). Social networking on smartphones: When mobile phones become addictive. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2632–2639.
  • Satici, B., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A., & Eraslan, C. B. (2014). Social competence and psychological vulnerability as predictors of Facebook addiction. Studia Psychologica, 56(4), 301–308.
  • Savci, M., Ercengiz, M., & Aysan, F. (2018). Turkish adaptation of the Social Media Disorder Scale in adolescents. Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi, 55(3), 248–255.
  • Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(12), 1270–1279.
  • Sofiah, S., Omar, S. Z., Bolong, J., & Osman, M. N. (2011). Facebook addiction among female university students. Revista De Administratie Publica Si Politici Sociale, 2(7), 95–109.
  • Subrahmanyam, K., & Smahel, D. (2011). Digital youth: The role of media in development. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Sata, M., Celik, I., Erturk, Z., & Tas, E. U. (2016). Akilli telefon bagimliligi olcegi’nin (ATBO) Turk lise ogrencileri icin uyarlama calismasi [The study of adapting Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) for Turkish high school students]. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 7(1), 156–169.
  • Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann, W. B. (1995). Self-liking and self-competence as dimensions of global self-esteem: Initial validation of a measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(2), 322–342.
  • Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann, W. B. (2001). Two-dimensional self-esteem: Theory and measurement. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(5), 653–673.
  • Tas, I. (2017). Ergenler icin Sosyal Medya Bagimliligi Olcegi Kisa Formunun (SMBO-KF) gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi [The study of validity and reliability of the Social Media Addiction Scale Short Form for adolescents]. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 4(1), 27–40.
  • van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The social media disorder scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 478–487. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.038
  • Vanden Abeele, M., & van Rooij, T. (2016). Fear of missing out (FOMO) as a predictor of problematic social media use among teenagers. International Conference on Behavioral Addictions, Abstracts. Presented at the International Conference on Behavioral Addictions.
  • Wilson, K., Fornasier, S., & White, K. M. (2010). Psychological predictors of young adults’ use of social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(2), 173–177.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aygul Tunc-aksan This is me

Sinem Evin Akbay This is me

Publication Date April 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tunc-aksan, A., & Akbay, S. E. (2019). Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence as Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 559-566. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.559
AMA Tunc-aksan A, Akbay SE. Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence as Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents. eujer. April 2019;8(2):559-566. doi:10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.559
Chicago Tunc-aksan, Aygul, and Sinem Evin Akbay. “Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence As Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents”. European Journal of Educational Research 8, no. 2 (April 2019): 559-66. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.559.
EndNote Tunc-aksan A, Akbay SE (April 1, 2019) Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence as Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents. European Journal of Educational Research 8 2 559–566.
IEEE A. Tunc-aksan and S. E. Akbay, “Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence as Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents”, eujer, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 559–566, 2019, doi: 10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.559.
ISNAD Tunc-aksan, Aygul - Akbay, Sinem Evin. “Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence As Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents”. European Journal of Educational Research 8/2 (April 2019), 559-566. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.559.
JAMA Tunc-aksan A, Akbay SE. Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence as Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents. eujer. 2019;8:559–566.
MLA Tunc-aksan, Aygul and Sinem Evin Akbay. “Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence As Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents”. European Journal of Educational Research, vol. 8, no. 2, 2019, pp. 559-66, doi:10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.559.
Vancouver Tunc-aksan A, Akbay SE. Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence as Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents. eujer. 2019;8(2):559-66.