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SIĞIRLARDA DOĞAL THEILERIA ANNULATA ENFEKSİYONLARINDA MONOSİT NİTRİK OKSİT DÜZEYLERİ

Year 2006, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 116 - 122, 01.06.2006

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Kayseri’nin tropikal theileriosis yönünden enzootik stabiliteye sahip Yeşilhisar ve İncesu yörelerinde Theileria annulata (T.annulata) ile doğal enfekte sığırlarda, enfeksiyon ile monosit nitrik oksit (NO) düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmış olup bu konuda Türkiye’de yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Theileriosis sezonunda, theileriosis şüpheli sığırlardan kan örnekleri alınmış ve kene taşıdığı belirlenen sığırlar üzerindeki keneler toplanmıştır. Negatif kontrol amacıyla Erciyes Üniversitesi Çiftliğindeki sağlıklı sığırlardan kan alınmıştır. T.annulata enfeksiyonu mikroskobik bakı (MB), İndirekt Floresan Antikor Testi (IFAT) ve moleküler metotlarla [Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Reverse Line Blotting (RLB)] araştırılmıştır. Toplanan kenelerin türleri teşhis edilmiş ve T.annulata enfeksiyonu yönünden incelenmişlerdir. Kan örneklerinden lökositler izole edilmiş ve NO düzeyinin göstergesi olan nitrit konsantrasyonu kolorimetrik olarak belirlenmiştir. T.annulata prevalansı, mikroskobik bakı ile %53,33, IFAT ile %60,00, RLB ile %50,00 olarak belirlenmiş, belirlenen prevalans değerleri arasında istatistiksel açıdan önemli fark olmadığı (p>0.05) saptanmıştır. Hayvanların %31,6’sında ergin kene bulunmuştur. Toplanan keneler, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, H.a.excavatum, H.marginatum marginatum ve H.detritum detritum olarak teşhis edilmiş ve bunlardan sadece H.a.anatolicum kenelerinde %20 oranında T.annulata enfeksiyonu saptanmıştır. Nitrik oksit düzeyleri değerlendirildiğinde; akut tropikal theileriosis’li ve agoni halindeki hayvanlarda subklinik ve sağlıklı hayvanlara oranla istatistiki önemde yüksek (p<0.001) bulunmuştur. Hematokrit düzeyi (PCV), hastalık saptanamamış, subklinik enfekte, akut hasta, agoni halindeki hayvanlarda ve kontrol grubu sığırlarda değerlendirildiğinde akut tropikal theileriosis’li ve agoni halindeki hayvanlarda subklinik ve sağlıklı hayvanlara oranla düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Akut tropikal theileriosis’li ve agoni halindeki hayvanların PCV seviyeleri arasındaki farklılığın da istatistiksel açıdan önemli olduğu görülmüştür (p<0.001). Çalışma sonunda sığırların doğal T.annulata enfeksiyonlarında monositlerin NO düzeyinin arttığı gösterilmiştir

References

  • Uilenberg G. Theilerial species of domestic livestock. Advances in the Control of Theileriosis, In: Irvin AD, Cunningham MP and Young AS, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, London 1981, pp 4–37.
  • Norval RAI, Perry BD, Young AS. The Epidemiology Theileriosis in Africa. Academic Press, London 1992, pp 379- 403.
  • Gharbi M, Sassi L, Dorchies P, et al. Infection of calves with Theileria annulata in Tunisia: Economic analysis and evaluation of the potential benefit of vaccination. Vet Parasitol 2006, 137: 231-241.
  • Sayın F, Dinçer Ş, Karaer Z, et al. Tick borne diseases in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 1997, 29: 53.
  • Sayın F, Dinçer Ş, Karaer Z, et al. Studies on the Epidemiology of Tropical Theileriosis (Theileria annulata Infection) in Cattle in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2003, 35: 521- 539.
  • Dumanlı N, Aktas M, Cetinkaya B, et al. Prevalence and distribution of tropical theileriosis in eastern Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2005, 133: 369-370.
  • Vatansever Z, Iça A, Deniz A, et al. Ankara yöresinde sığırlarda kene kaynaklı protozoon enfeksiyonlarının yayılışının Reverse Line Blotting (RLB) ve Indirekt Floresan Antikor testi (IFAT) ile saptanması. XIII. Ulusal Para- zitoloji Kongresi, Konya 8-12 Eylül 2003, s 194.
  • Aktas M, Altay K, Dumanlı N. A molecular survey of bovine Theileria parasites among apparently healthy cattle and with a note on the distribution of ticks in eastern Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2006, 138: 179- 185.
  • Inci A, Çakmak A, Çam Y, ve ark. Kayseri yöre- sinde tropical theileriosis’e bağlı ekonomik kayıplar. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 2002, 26: 156-160.
  • İnci A, Atasever A, Çam Y, ve ark. Kayseri Yö- resinde Sığırlarda Tropikal Theiloriosis’in Epi- demiyolojisi Üzerine Araştırmalar. DPT Proje- si Final Raporu 2003, s 347.
  • Robinson PM. Theileriosis annulata and its transmission a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 1982, 14: 3-12.
  • Sayın F, Karaer Z, Dinçer Ş, et al. A comparison of susceptibilities to infection of four species of Hyalomma ticks with Theileria annulata. Vet Parasitol 2003, 113: 115- 121.
  • Brown CGD. Control of tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection of cattle). Parassitologia 1990, 32: 23- 31.
  • Ahmed, JS, Mehlhorn H. Review: the cellular basis of the immunity to and immunopathogenesis of tropical theileriosis. Parasitol Res 1999, 85: 539-549.
  • Pipano E, Shkap V. Vaccination against tropical theileriosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2000, 916: 484- 500.
  • Preston PM, Jackson LA, Sutherland IA, et al. Theileria annulata: The exprestion of two novel macroschizont antigens on the surface of infected mononuclear cells differs during in vitro attenuation of a virulent cell line. Exp Parasitol 1998, 89: 228- 240.
  • Preston PM, Hall FR, Glass EJ, et al. Innate and adaptive immune responses co-operate to protect cattle against Theileria annulata. Parasitology Today 1999, 15: 267-274.
  • Preston PM, Jackson LA, Sutherland IA, et al. Theileria annulata: Attenuation of a schizont- infected cell line by prolonged in vitro culture is not caused by the preferential growth of particular host cell types. Exp Parasitol 2001, 98: 188- 205.
  • Campbell JDM, Spooner RL. Macrophages behaving badly: infected cells and subversion of immune responses to Theleria annulata. Parasitology Today 1999, 15: 10-16.
  • Visser AE, Abraham A, Sakyi LJ, et al. Nitric Oxide inhibits establishment of macroschizont- infected cell lines and is produced by macrophages of calves undergoing bovine Tropical Theileriosis or East Coast Fever. Parasite Immunol 1995, 17: 91-102.
  • Richardson JO, Forsyth LMG, Brown CGD, et al. Nitric oxide causes the macroschizonts of Theileria annulata to disappear and host cells to become apoptotic. Vet Res Commun 1998, 22: 31- 45.
  • Gubbels JM, de Vos AP, van der Weide M, et al. Simultaneous detection of bovine Theileria and Babesia species by reverse line blot hybri- dization. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37: 1782– 1789.
  • Georges K, Loria GR, Riili S, et al. Detection of haemoparasites in cattle by Reverse Line Blot hybridisation with a note on the distribution of ticks in Sicily. Vet Parasitol 2001, 99: 273- 286.
  • Estrade-Pena A, Bouttaur A, Camicas JL, et al. Ticks of domestic animals in the Mediterranean region. A guide to identification of species, 2004, p 131.
  • Walker AR, McKellar SB, Bell LJ, et al. Rapid quantitative assessment of Theileria annulata. Trop Anim Health Prod 1979, 11: 21- 26.
  • İnci A, Çakmak A, İça A, ve ark. Kayseri Yöre- sinde Tropikal Theileriosis’in İstatiksel Analizi. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 2002, 26: 38- 41.

Monocyte Nitric Oxide Levels in Natural Theileria annulata Infections in Cattle

Year 2006, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 116 - 122, 01.06.2006

Abstract

This study was performed to determine the monocyte nitric oxide (NO) levels in naturally infected cattle with Theileria annulata (T.annulata) in Yeşilhisar and İncesu districts of Kayseri where the disease is enzootic. This is the first field study investigate the NO levels in monocytes of cattle naturally infected with T. annulata in Turkey. Blood samples and ticks were collected from the animals which were suspected of theileriosis. Blood samples were also collected from the cattle on Erciyes University Farm as negative control. Theileria annulata infection was determined by microscopical examination (ME), Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique (IFAT) and molecular (PCR, RLB) examinations. Ticks collected from the animals were identified and examined for the T. annulata infection. Leukocytes were isolated by buffy-coat method and nitrite levels as indicator of NO were determined with a colorimetric method using Griess reagent. The prevalence of T. annulata was 53.33% by ME, 60.00% by IFAT and 50.00% by RLB, and no statistically significant difference was found among these methods (p>0.05). Adult ticks were observed in 31.6% of the animals included in the study, and they were identified as Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, H. m. marginatum, H. d. detritum, H. a. excavatum. Only 20% of H. a. anatolicum were found to be naturally infected with T. annulata. The NO levels in animals with acutely and severely infected were significantly higher (p<0.001) than the subclinically infected and control animals. When packet cell volume (PCV) levels were determined in uninfected, subclinically infected, acutely infected, severely infected (agony) and control animals, The PCV in acutely and severely infected animals were significantly lower (p<0.001) than the subclinically infected and control animals. Furthermore, with respect to PCV, the difference between acutely and severely infected animals was also significant (p<0.001). The results of this study to ınvestigate that infected macrophages with T. annulata result in the induction of NO production compared to uninfected cells

References

  • Uilenberg G. Theilerial species of domestic livestock. Advances in the Control of Theileriosis, In: Irvin AD, Cunningham MP and Young AS, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, London 1981, pp 4–37.
  • Norval RAI, Perry BD, Young AS. The Epidemiology Theileriosis in Africa. Academic Press, London 1992, pp 379- 403.
  • Gharbi M, Sassi L, Dorchies P, et al. Infection of calves with Theileria annulata in Tunisia: Economic analysis and evaluation of the potential benefit of vaccination. Vet Parasitol 2006, 137: 231-241.
  • Sayın F, Dinçer Ş, Karaer Z, et al. Tick borne diseases in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 1997, 29: 53.
  • Sayın F, Dinçer Ş, Karaer Z, et al. Studies on the Epidemiology of Tropical Theileriosis (Theileria annulata Infection) in Cattle in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2003, 35: 521- 539.
  • Dumanlı N, Aktas M, Cetinkaya B, et al. Prevalence and distribution of tropical theileriosis in eastern Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2005, 133: 369-370.
  • Vatansever Z, Iça A, Deniz A, et al. Ankara yöresinde sığırlarda kene kaynaklı protozoon enfeksiyonlarının yayılışının Reverse Line Blotting (RLB) ve Indirekt Floresan Antikor testi (IFAT) ile saptanması. XIII. Ulusal Para- zitoloji Kongresi, Konya 8-12 Eylül 2003, s 194.
  • Aktas M, Altay K, Dumanlı N. A molecular survey of bovine Theileria parasites among apparently healthy cattle and with a note on the distribution of ticks in eastern Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2006, 138: 179- 185.
  • Inci A, Çakmak A, Çam Y, ve ark. Kayseri yöre- sinde tropical theileriosis’e bağlı ekonomik kayıplar. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 2002, 26: 156-160.
  • İnci A, Atasever A, Çam Y, ve ark. Kayseri Yö- resinde Sığırlarda Tropikal Theiloriosis’in Epi- demiyolojisi Üzerine Araştırmalar. DPT Proje- si Final Raporu 2003, s 347.
  • Robinson PM. Theileriosis annulata and its transmission a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 1982, 14: 3-12.
  • Sayın F, Karaer Z, Dinçer Ş, et al. A comparison of susceptibilities to infection of four species of Hyalomma ticks with Theileria annulata. Vet Parasitol 2003, 113: 115- 121.
  • Brown CGD. Control of tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection of cattle). Parassitologia 1990, 32: 23- 31.
  • Ahmed, JS, Mehlhorn H. Review: the cellular basis of the immunity to and immunopathogenesis of tropical theileriosis. Parasitol Res 1999, 85: 539-549.
  • Pipano E, Shkap V. Vaccination against tropical theileriosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2000, 916: 484- 500.
  • Preston PM, Jackson LA, Sutherland IA, et al. Theileria annulata: The exprestion of two novel macroschizont antigens on the surface of infected mononuclear cells differs during in vitro attenuation of a virulent cell line. Exp Parasitol 1998, 89: 228- 240.
  • Preston PM, Hall FR, Glass EJ, et al. Innate and adaptive immune responses co-operate to protect cattle against Theileria annulata. Parasitology Today 1999, 15: 267-274.
  • Preston PM, Jackson LA, Sutherland IA, et al. Theileria annulata: Attenuation of a schizont- infected cell line by prolonged in vitro culture is not caused by the preferential growth of particular host cell types. Exp Parasitol 2001, 98: 188- 205.
  • Campbell JDM, Spooner RL. Macrophages behaving badly: infected cells and subversion of immune responses to Theleria annulata. Parasitology Today 1999, 15: 10-16.
  • Visser AE, Abraham A, Sakyi LJ, et al. Nitric Oxide inhibits establishment of macroschizont- infected cell lines and is produced by macrophages of calves undergoing bovine Tropical Theileriosis or East Coast Fever. Parasite Immunol 1995, 17: 91-102.
  • Richardson JO, Forsyth LMG, Brown CGD, et al. Nitric oxide causes the macroschizonts of Theileria annulata to disappear and host cells to become apoptotic. Vet Res Commun 1998, 22: 31- 45.
  • Gubbels JM, de Vos AP, van der Weide M, et al. Simultaneous detection of bovine Theileria and Babesia species by reverse line blot hybri- dization. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37: 1782– 1789.
  • Georges K, Loria GR, Riili S, et al. Detection of haemoparasites in cattle by Reverse Line Blot hybridisation with a note on the distribution of ticks in Sicily. Vet Parasitol 2001, 99: 273- 286.
  • Estrade-Pena A, Bouttaur A, Camicas JL, et al. Ticks of domestic animals in the Mediterranean region. A guide to identification of species, 2004, p 131.
  • Walker AR, McKellar SB, Bell LJ, et al. Rapid quantitative assessment of Theileria annulata. Trop Anim Health Prod 1979, 11: 21- 26.
  • İnci A, Çakmak A, İça A, ve ark. Kayseri Yöre- sinde Tropikal Theileriosis’in İstatiksel Analizi. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 2002, 26: 38- 41.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA53SP69UR
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Berrin Ayerdem This is me

Abdullah İnci This is me

Fatma Uyanık This is me

Anıl İça This is me

Ayşe Çakmak This is me

Alparslan Yıldırım This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2006
Submission Date June 1, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ayerdem, B., İnci, A., Uyanık, F., İça, A., et al. (2006). SIĞIRLARDA DOĞAL THEILERIA ANNULATA ENFEKSİYONLARINDA MONOSİT NİTRİK OKSİT DÜZEYLERİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 116-122.
AMA Ayerdem B, İnci A, Uyanık F, İça A, Çakmak A, Yıldırım A. SIĞIRLARDA DOĞAL THEILERIA ANNULATA ENFEKSİYONLARINDA MONOSİT NİTRİK OKSİT DÜZEYLERİ. JHS. June 2006;15(2):116-122.
Chicago Ayerdem, Berrin, Abdullah İnci, Fatma Uyanık, Anıl İça, Ayşe Çakmak, and Alparslan Yıldırım. “SIĞIRLARDA DOĞAL THEILERIA ANNULATA ENFEKSİYONLARINDA MONOSİT NİTRİK OKSİT DÜZEYLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15, no. 2 (June 2006): 116-22.
EndNote Ayerdem B, İnci A, Uyanık F, İça A, Çakmak A, Yıldırım A (June 1, 2006) SIĞIRLARDA DOĞAL THEILERIA ANNULATA ENFEKSİYONLARINDA MONOSİT NİTRİK OKSİT DÜZEYLERİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15 2 116–122.
IEEE B. Ayerdem, A. İnci, F. Uyanık, A. İça, A. Çakmak, and A. Yıldırım, “SIĞIRLARDA DOĞAL THEILERIA ANNULATA ENFEKSİYONLARINDA MONOSİT NİTRİK OKSİT DÜZEYLERİ”, JHS, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 116–122, 2006.
ISNAD Ayerdem, Berrin et al. “SIĞIRLARDA DOĞAL THEILERIA ANNULATA ENFEKSİYONLARINDA MONOSİT NİTRİK OKSİT DÜZEYLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15/2 (June 2006), 116-122.
JAMA Ayerdem B, İnci A, Uyanık F, İça A, Çakmak A, Yıldırım A. SIĞIRLARDA DOĞAL THEILERIA ANNULATA ENFEKSİYONLARINDA MONOSİT NİTRİK OKSİT DÜZEYLERİ. JHS. 2006;15:116–122.
MLA Ayerdem, Berrin et al. “SIĞIRLARDA DOĞAL THEILERIA ANNULATA ENFEKSİYONLARINDA MONOSİT NİTRİK OKSİT DÜZEYLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, 2006, pp. 116-22.
Vancouver Ayerdem B, İnci A, Uyanık F, İça A, Çakmak A, Yıldırım A. SIĞIRLARDA DOĞAL THEILERIA ANNULATA ENFEKSİYONLARINDA MONOSİT NİTRİK OKSİT DÜZEYLERİ. JHS. 2006;15(2):116-22.