Sütçü sığırlarda sola abomasum deplasmanı için risk faktörleri ve metabolik indikatörler
Year 2015,
Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 63 - 69, 01.06.2015
Ismail Sen
Thomas Wittek
Hasan Guzelbektes
Abstract
Sığırlarda sola abomazum deplasman vakaları çoğunlukla
doğum sonrası görülmektedir. Sola abomazum deplasmanlarının
insidansı çiftliklere göre farklılık gösterebilir. Laktasyonun
ilk haftasında görülen abomazum deplasmanı vakaları
genellikle kuru dönemin iyi yönetilememesinden kaynaklanabilir.
Fakat daha geç dönemlerde görülen abomazum deplasman
vakaları ise kuru dönem ve/veya doğumu takiben ilk
2 ile 4 haftalık dönemde ki sığırların yönetimi ile ilgili olabilir.
Bu derleme sığırlarda abomasum deplasmanları ile ilgili
çeşitli risk faktörlerini, metabolik indikatörlerini ve önlenmesini
içermektedir.
References
- Bauman DE, Currie WB, 1980. Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation: A review of mechanisms involving homeostasis and homeorhesis. J Dairy Sci, 63, 1514-1529.
- Bertics SJ, Grummer RR, Cadorniga-Valino C, Stoddard EE, 1992. Effect of prepartum dry matter intake on liver triglyceride concentration and early lactation. J Dairy Sci, 75, 1914-1922.
- Buehler M, Steiner A, Meylan M, Portier Cj, Mevissen M, 2008. In vitro effects of bethanechol on smooth muscle preparations from abomasal fundus, corpus, and antrum of dairy cows. Res Vet Sci, 84, 444-451.
- Cameron REB, Dijk PB, Herdt TH, et al., 1998. Dry cow diet, management, and energy balance as risk factors for displaced abomasum in high producing dairy herds. J Dairy Sci, 81,132-139
- Chapinal N, Carson ME, Leblanc SJ, Leslie KE, Godden S, Capel M, Santos JEP, Overton MW, Duffield TF, 2012. The association of serum metabolites in the transition period with milk production and early-lactation reproductive performance. J Dairy Sci, 95, 1301-1309
- Constable PD, Miller GY, Hoffsis GF, Hull BL, Rings DM, 1991. Risk factors for abomasal volvulus and left abomasal displacement in cattle. Am J Vet Res, 53, 1184.
- Constable PD, Miller GY, Hoffsis GF, Hull BL, Rings DM, 1992. Risk factors for abomasal volvolus and left abomasal displacement in cattle. Am J Vet Res, 53, 1184-1192.
- Constable PD, Nouri M, Sen I, Baird AN, Wittek T, 2012. Evidenced based use of prokinetic drugs for abomasal disorders in calves and cows. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 28, 51-70.
- Correa MT, Curtis CR, Erb HN, Scarlett JM, Smith RD, 1990. An ecological analysis of risk factors for postpartum disorders of Holstein-Friesian cows from thirty-two New York farms. J Dairy Sci, 73, 1515-1524.
- Dawson LJ, Aalseth EP, Rice LE, Adams GD, 1992. Influence of fiber form in a complete mixed ration on incidence of left displacement abomasum in postpartum dairy cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 200, 1989-1992.
- Doll K, Sickinger M, Seeger T, 2009. New aspects in the pathogenesis of abomasal displacement. Vet J, 181, 90-96.
- Duffield TF, Kelton DF, Leslie KE, Lissemore KD, Lumsden JH, 1997. Use of test day milk fat and milk protein to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle in Ontario. Can Vet J, 38, 713-718.
- Dyk PB, 1995. The association of prepartum non-esterified fatty acids and body condition with peripartum health problems on 95 Michigan Dairy Farms. M.S. Thesis, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, USA.
- Geishauser T, Leslie KE, Duffıeld TF, 2000. Metabolic aspects in the etiology of displaced abomasum. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 16, 255-265.
- Geishauser T, Shoukri M, Kelton D, Leslie K, 1998. Analysis of survivorship after displaced abomasum in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 81, 2346-2353.
- Goff JP, Horst, RL, 1997. Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders. J Dairy Sci, 80, 1260-1268.
- Grohn YT, Eicker SW, Ducrocq V, Hertl JA, 1998. Effect of diseases on the culling of Holstein dairy cows in New York State. J Dairy Sci, 81, 966-978.
- Grummer RR, Mashek DG, Hayirli A, 2004. Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 20, 447-470.
- Guard C, 1996. Diseases of the alimentary tract, in: Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ed: Smith BP, second edition, Mosby, St Louis, USA, pp: 868-884.
- Guzelbektes H, Sen I, Ok M, Constable PD, Boydak M, Coskun A, 2010. Association of serum amyloid-a, haptoglobin, and albumin concentrations with liver fat percentage in lactating dairy cows with abomasal displacement. J Vet Int Med, 24, 213-219.
- Hayirli A, Grummer RR, Nordheim EV, Crump PM, 2002. Animal and dietary factors affecting feed intake during the prefresh transition period in Holsteins. J Dairy Sci, 85, 3430-3443.
- Herdt TH, 2000. Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 16, 215-230. Hirvonen J, Pyorala S, 1998. Acute-phase response in dairy cows with surgically treated in the transition period. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 20, 447-470.
- Janovick NA, Boisclair YR, Drackley JK. 2011. Prepartum dietary energy intake affects metabolism and health during the periparturient period in primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci, 94, 1385-400.
- Jones RS, 1962. The position of the bovine abomasum: An abattoir survey. Vet Rec, 74, 159-163.
- Lagerlof N, 1929. Investigations of the topography of the abdominal organs in cattle, and some clinical observations and remarks in connection with the subject. Scand Vet, 19, 253-365.
- Leblanc SJ, 2010. Monitoring metabolic health of dairy cattle in the transition period. J Reprod Dev, 56, 29-35. Leblanc SJ, Leslie KE, Duffield TF, 2005. Metabolic predictors of displaced abomasum in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 88, 159- 170.
- Lyons NA, Cooke JS, Wilson S, Van Winden SC, Gordon PJ, Wathes DC, 2014. Relationships between metabolite and IGF1 concentrations with fertility and production outcomes following left abomasal displacement. Vet Rec, 174, 657.
- Madison JB, Troutt HF, 1988. Effects of hypocalcemia on abomasal motility. ResVet Sci, 44, 264-266.
- Mahoney CB, Hansen LB, Young CW, Marx GD, Reneau JK, 1986. Health care of Holsteins selected for large or small body size. J Dairy Sci, 69, 3131-3139.
- Martin SW, Kirby KL, Curtis RA, 1978. A study of the role of genetic factors in the etiology of left abomasal displacement. Can J Comp Med, 42, 511-518.
- Massey CD, Wang C, Donovan GA, Beede DK, 1993. Hypocalcemia at parturition as a risk factor for left displaced abomasum in dairy cows. JAVMA 203, 852-853.
- Mcguire MA, Vicini JL, Bauman DE, Veenhuizen JJ, 1992. Insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in ruminants and their nutritional regulation. J Anim Sci, 70, 2901-2910.
- Mecitoglu Z, Demir G, Senturk S, Uzabaci E, Darici R, 2012. Milk protein/fat ratio on day 7 postpartum as a predictor of left displacement of abomasum. Vet Rec, 171, 197.
- Michel A, Mevissen M, Burkhardt D, Steiner A, 2003. In vitro effects of cisaprid, metaclopromide and bethanechol on smooth muscle preparations from abomasal antrum and duodenum of dairy cows. J Vet Pharmacol Therap, 26, 413- 420.
- Niederberger MD, Hirsbrunner G, Steiner A, Brechbühl M, Meylan M, 2010. In vitro effects of bethanechol on abomasal and duodenal smooth muscle preparations from dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum and from healthy dairy cows. Vet J, 184, 88-94.
- Oetzel GR, 2004. Monitoring and testing dairy herds for metabolic disease. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 20, 651-674.
- Ospina PA, Nydam DV, Stokol T, Overton TR, 2010. Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydoxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level. J Dairy Sci, 93, 3595-3601.
- Pfannkuche H, 2007. I like to move it: Enteric nervous system and gut motility. Production diseases in farm animals, 13th International Conference, Proceedings, Leipzig, Germany, pp: 310-321.
- Radostits OM, Gay CC, Hinchcliff, KW, Constable PD, 2007. Diseases of the Alimentary Tract Veterinary Medicine, tenth edition, Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA, pp: 189-375.
- Raizman EA, Santos JEP, 2002. The effect of left displaced abomasum corrected by toggle-pin suture on lactation, reproduction, and health of Holstein Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci, 85, 1157-1164.
- Rasmussen LK, Nielsen BL, Pryce JE, Mottram TT, Veerkamp RF, 1999. Risk factors associated with the incidence of ketosis in dairy cows. Anim Sci, 68, 379-386.
- Rehage J, Qualmann K, Meier C et al., 1996. Post-surgical convalescence of dairy cows with left abomasal displacement in relation to fatty liver, Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde, 138, 361-368.
- Rukkwamsuk T, Kruip TA, Wensing T, 1999. Relationship between overfeeding and overconditioning in the dry period and the problems of high producing dairy cows during the postparturient period. Vet Q, 21, 71-77.
- Sack WO, Svendsen P, 1970. Size and position of the abomasum in ten cows fed high-roughage or high-concentrate rations. Am J Vet Res, 31, 1539-1543.
- Sarashina T, Ichijo S, Takahashi J, Osame S, 1990. Origin of abomasum gas in the cows with displaced abomasum. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi, 52, 371-378.
- Seifi HA, Leblanc SJ, Leslie KE, Duffield TF, 2011. Metabolic predictors of post-partum disease and culling risk in dairy cattle. Vet J, 188, 216-220.
- Sen I, Ok M, Coskun A, 2006. The level of the serum ionised calcium, aspartate aminotransferase, insulin, glucose, betahydroxybutyrate concentration and blood gas parameters in cows with left displacement of abomasum. Polish J Vet Sci, 9, 227-232.
- Sen I, Ok M, Turgut K, Birdane FM, Guzelbektas H, 2002. Role of gastrin in the aetiology of abomasal displacement in dairy cows. Vet Rec, 151, 26-27.
- Sendag S, Seeger T, Wehrend A, 2005. Sonographische untersuchungen über die lageänderungen des labmagens bei kühen im peripartalen zeitraum. Dtsch Tierärztl Wschr, 112, 351-354
- Serbester U, Çınar M, Hayırlı A, 2012. Sütçü ineklerde negatif enerji dengesi ve metabolik indikatörleri. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 705-711.
- Shaver RD, 1997. Nutritional risk factors in the etiology of left displaced abomasum in dairy cows: A Review. J Dairy Sci, 80, 2449-2453.
- Sickinger M, Leiser R, Failing K, Doll K, 2008. Evaluation of differences between breeds for substance p, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neurofilament 200 in the abomasal wall of cattle. Am J Vet Res, 69, 1247-1253.
- Stengarde L, Holtenius K, Traven M, Hultgren J, Niskanen R, Emanuelson U, 2010. Blood profiles in dairy cows with displaced abomasum. J Dairy Sci, 93, 4691-4699.
- Stengarde L, Pehrson BG, 2002. Effects of management, feeding, and treatment on clinical and biochemical variables in cattle with displaced abomasum. Am J Vet Res, 63, 137- 142.
- Stengardea LJ, Hultgrenc M, Travena K, Holtenius K, Emanuelson U, 2012. Risk factors for displaced abomasum or ketosis in Swedish dairy herds. Prev Vet Med, 103, 280- 286.
- Stober M, Saratsis P, 1974. Vergleichende messungen am rumpf von schwarzbunten kühen mit und ohne linksseitige labmagenverlagerung. Dtsch Tierarztl Wschr, 81, 564- 565.
- Swett WW, Graves RR, Miller FW, 1928. Comparison of confirmation, anatomy, and skeletal structure pf a highly specialized dairy cow and a highly specialized beef cow. J Agric Res, 37, 685-717.
- Swett WW, Matthews CA, Miller FW, Graves RR, 1937b. Variations Recorded İn The Study of The Confirmation An Anatomy Of 593 Dairy Cows Having Records Of Production. Us Department of Agriculture, Division Of Dairy Cattle Breeding, Feeding, and Management Investigations, Bureau of Dairy Industry, Washington, BDIM-589 Revised, USA, pp: 1-23.
- Swett WW, Miller FW, Graves RR, Black WH, Creech GT, 1937a. Comparative confirmation, anatomy, and udder characteristics of cows of certain beef and dairy breeds. J Agric Res, 55, 239-287.
- Taylor VJ, Cheng Z, Pushpakumara PG, Beever DE, Wathes DC, 2004. Relationships between the plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor in dairy cows and their fertility and milk yield. Vet Rec, 155, 583-588.
- van Winden SC, Kuiper R, 2003. Left Displacement of the abomasum in dairy cattle: recent developments in epidemiological and etiological aspects. Vet Res, 34, 47-56.
- Wallace CE, 1975. Left abomasal displacement - A retrospective study of 315 cases. Bov Pract, 10, 50-58.
- Wathes DC, Bourne N, Cheng Z, Mann GE, Taylor VJ, Coffey MP, 2007. Multiple correlation analyses of metabolic and endocrine profiles with fertility in primiparous and multiparous cows. J Dairy Sci, 90, 1310-1325.
- Wittek T, Constable PD, Morin DE, 2005. Ultrasonographic assessment of change in abomasal position during gestation and early lactation in Holstein-Friesian cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 227, 1469-1475.
- Wittek T, Fürll M, Constable PD, 2004. Prevalence of endotoxemia in healthy postparturient dairy cows and cows with abomasal volvulus or left displaced abomasum. J Vet Intern Med, 18, 574-580.
- Wittek T, Schreiber K, Furll M, Constable PD, 2005. Use of the D-xylose absorption test to measure abomasal emptying rate in healthy lactating Holstein-Friesian cows and in cows with left displaced abomasum or abomasal volvulus. J Vet Intern Med, 19, 905-913.
- Wittek T, Sen I, Constable PD, 2007. Changes in abdominal dimensions during late gestation and early lactation in Holstein Friesian heifers and cows and their relationship to left displaced abomasum. Vet Rec, 161, 155-161.
- Wittek T, Tischer K, Gieseler T, Furll M, Constable PD, 2008. Effect of preoperative administration of erythromycin or flunixin meglumine on postoperative abomasal emptying rate in dairy cows undergoing surgical correction of left displacement of the abomasum. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 232, 418-423.
Metabolic indicators and risk factors of left displaced abomasum in dairy cattle
Year 2015,
Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 63 - 69, 01.06.2015
Ismail Sen
Thomas Wittek
Hasan Guzelbektes
Abstract
Left displaced abomasum (LDA) is generally a disorder of
post-partum cows. The prevalence of LDA varies widely
among the affected farms. If LDA occurs after calving (within
first week of lactation), this condition show to problems with
dry cow management. But, if LDA occur later on it may be
due to dry cow and/or fresh cow management. This review
considers various risk factors, metabolic indicators, and prevention
of displacement of the abomasum in cattle.
References
- Bauman DE, Currie WB, 1980. Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation: A review of mechanisms involving homeostasis and homeorhesis. J Dairy Sci, 63, 1514-1529.
- Bertics SJ, Grummer RR, Cadorniga-Valino C, Stoddard EE, 1992. Effect of prepartum dry matter intake on liver triglyceride concentration and early lactation. J Dairy Sci, 75, 1914-1922.
- Buehler M, Steiner A, Meylan M, Portier Cj, Mevissen M, 2008. In vitro effects of bethanechol on smooth muscle preparations from abomasal fundus, corpus, and antrum of dairy cows. Res Vet Sci, 84, 444-451.
- Cameron REB, Dijk PB, Herdt TH, et al., 1998. Dry cow diet, management, and energy balance as risk factors for displaced abomasum in high producing dairy herds. J Dairy Sci, 81,132-139
- Chapinal N, Carson ME, Leblanc SJ, Leslie KE, Godden S, Capel M, Santos JEP, Overton MW, Duffield TF, 2012. The association of serum metabolites in the transition period with milk production and early-lactation reproductive performance. J Dairy Sci, 95, 1301-1309
- Constable PD, Miller GY, Hoffsis GF, Hull BL, Rings DM, 1991. Risk factors for abomasal volvulus and left abomasal displacement in cattle. Am J Vet Res, 53, 1184.
- Constable PD, Miller GY, Hoffsis GF, Hull BL, Rings DM, 1992. Risk factors for abomasal volvolus and left abomasal displacement in cattle. Am J Vet Res, 53, 1184-1192.
- Constable PD, Nouri M, Sen I, Baird AN, Wittek T, 2012. Evidenced based use of prokinetic drugs for abomasal disorders in calves and cows. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 28, 51-70.
- Correa MT, Curtis CR, Erb HN, Scarlett JM, Smith RD, 1990. An ecological analysis of risk factors for postpartum disorders of Holstein-Friesian cows from thirty-two New York farms. J Dairy Sci, 73, 1515-1524.
- Dawson LJ, Aalseth EP, Rice LE, Adams GD, 1992. Influence of fiber form in a complete mixed ration on incidence of left displacement abomasum in postpartum dairy cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 200, 1989-1992.
- Doll K, Sickinger M, Seeger T, 2009. New aspects in the pathogenesis of abomasal displacement. Vet J, 181, 90-96.
- Duffield TF, Kelton DF, Leslie KE, Lissemore KD, Lumsden JH, 1997. Use of test day milk fat and milk protein to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle in Ontario. Can Vet J, 38, 713-718.
- Dyk PB, 1995. The association of prepartum non-esterified fatty acids and body condition with peripartum health problems on 95 Michigan Dairy Farms. M.S. Thesis, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, USA.
- Geishauser T, Leslie KE, Duffıeld TF, 2000. Metabolic aspects in the etiology of displaced abomasum. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 16, 255-265.
- Geishauser T, Shoukri M, Kelton D, Leslie K, 1998. Analysis of survivorship after displaced abomasum in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 81, 2346-2353.
- Goff JP, Horst, RL, 1997. Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders. J Dairy Sci, 80, 1260-1268.
- Grohn YT, Eicker SW, Ducrocq V, Hertl JA, 1998. Effect of diseases on the culling of Holstein dairy cows in New York State. J Dairy Sci, 81, 966-978.
- Grummer RR, Mashek DG, Hayirli A, 2004. Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 20, 447-470.
- Guard C, 1996. Diseases of the alimentary tract, in: Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ed: Smith BP, second edition, Mosby, St Louis, USA, pp: 868-884.
- Guzelbektes H, Sen I, Ok M, Constable PD, Boydak M, Coskun A, 2010. Association of serum amyloid-a, haptoglobin, and albumin concentrations with liver fat percentage in lactating dairy cows with abomasal displacement. J Vet Int Med, 24, 213-219.
- Hayirli A, Grummer RR, Nordheim EV, Crump PM, 2002. Animal and dietary factors affecting feed intake during the prefresh transition period in Holsteins. J Dairy Sci, 85, 3430-3443.
- Herdt TH, 2000. Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 16, 215-230. Hirvonen J, Pyorala S, 1998. Acute-phase response in dairy cows with surgically treated in the transition period. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 20, 447-470.
- Janovick NA, Boisclair YR, Drackley JK. 2011. Prepartum dietary energy intake affects metabolism and health during the periparturient period in primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci, 94, 1385-400.
- Jones RS, 1962. The position of the bovine abomasum: An abattoir survey. Vet Rec, 74, 159-163.
- Lagerlof N, 1929. Investigations of the topography of the abdominal organs in cattle, and some clinical observations and remarks in connection with the subject. Scand Vet, 19, 253-365.
- Leblanc SJ, 2010. Monitoring metabolic health of dairy cattle in the transition period. J Reprod Dev, 56, 29-35. Leblanc SJ, Leslie KE, Duffield TF, 2005. Metabolic predictors of displaced abomasum in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 88, 159- 170.
- Lyons NA, Cooke JS, Wilson S, Van Winden SC, Gordon PJ, Wathes DC, 2014. Relationships between metabolite and IGF1 concentrations with fertility and production outcomes following left abomasal displacement. Vet Rec, 174, 657.
- Madison JB, Troutt HF, 1988. Effects of hypocalcemia on abomasal motility. ResVet Sci, 44, 264-266.
- Mahoney CB, Hansen LB, Young CW, Marx GD, Reneau JK, 1986. Health care of Holsteins selected for large or small body size. J Dairy Sci, 69, 3131-3139.
- Martin SW, Kirby KL, Curtis RA, 1978. A study of the role of genetic factors in the etiology of left abomasal displacement. Can J Comp Med, 42, 511-518.
- Massey CD, Wang C, Donovan GA, Beede DK, 1993. Hypocalcemia at parturition as a risk factor for left displaced abomasum in dairy cows. JAVMA 203, 852-853.
- Mcguire MA, Vicini JL, Bauman DE, Veenhuizen JJ, 1992. Insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in ruminants and their nutritional regulation. J Anim Sci, 70, 2901-2910.
- Mecitoglu Z, Demir G, Senturk S, Uzabaci E, Darici R, 2012. Milk protein/fat ratio on day 7 postpartum as a predictor of left displacement of abomasum. Vet Rec, 171, 197.
- Michel A, Mevissen M, Burkhardt D, Steiner A, 2003. In vitro effects of cisaprid, metaclopromide and bethanechol on smooth muscle preparations from abomasal antrum and duodenum of dairy cows. J Vet Pharmacol Therap, 26, 413- 420.
- Niederberger MD, Hirsbrunner G, Steiner A, Brechbühl M, Meylan M, 2010. In vitro effects of bethanechol on abomasal and duodenal smooth muscle preparations from dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum and from healthy dairy cows. Vet J, 184, 88-94.
- Oetzel GR, 2004. Monitoring and testing dairy herds for metabolic disease. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 20, 651-674.
- Ospina PA, Nydam DV, Stokol T, Overton TR, 2010. Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydoxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level. J Dairy Sci, 93, 3595-3601.
- Pfannkuche H, 2007. I like to move it: Enteric nervous system and gut motility. Production diseases in farm animals, 13th International Conference, Proceedings, Leipzig, Germany, pp: 310-321.
- Radostits OM, Gay CC, Hinchcliff, KW, Constable PD, 2007. Diseases of the Alimentary Tract Veterinary Medicine, tenth edition, Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA, pp: 189-375.
- Raizman EA, Santos JEP, 2002. The effect of left displaced abomasum corrected by toggle-pin suture on lactation, reproduction, and health of Holstein Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci, 85, 1157-1164.
- Rasmussen LK, Nielsen BL, Pryce JE, Mottram TT, Veerkamp RF, 1999. Risk factors associated with the incidence of ketosis in dairy cows. Anim Sci, 68, 379-386.
- Rehage J, Qualmann K, Meier C et al., 1996. Post-surgical convalescence of dairy cows with left abomasal displacement in relation to fatty liver, Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde, 138, 361-368.
- Rukkwamsuk T, Kruip TA, Wensing T, 1999. Relationship between overfeeding and overconditioning in the dry period and the problems of high producing dairy cows during the postparturient period. Vet Q, 21, 71-77.
- Sack WO, Svendsen P, 1970. Size and position of the abomasum in ten cows fed high-roughage or high-concentrate rations. Am J Vet Res, 31, 1539-1543.
- Sarashina T, Ichijo S, Takahashi J, Osame S, 1990. Origin of abomasum gas in the cows with displaced abomasum. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi, 52, 371-378.
- Seifi HA, Leblanc SJ, Leslie KE, Duffield TF, 2011. Metabolic predictors of post-partum disease and culling risk in dairy cattle. Vet J, 188, 216-220.
- Sen I, Ok M, Coskun A, 2006. The level of the serum ionised calcium, aspartate aminotransferase, insulin, glucose, betahydroxybutyrate concentration and blood gas parameters in cows with left displacement of abomasum. Polish J Vet Sci, 9, 227-232.
- Sen I, Ok M, Turgut K, Birdane FM, Guzelbektas H, 2002. Role of gastrin in the aetiology of abomasal displacement in dairy cows. Vet Rec, 151, 26-27.
- Sendag S, Seeger T, Wehrend A, 2005. Sonographische untersuchungen über die lageänderungen des labmagens bei kühen im peripartalen zeitraum. Dtsch Tierärztl Wschr, 112, 351-354
- Serbester U, Çınar M, Hayırlı A, 2012. Sütçü ineklerde negatif enerji dengesi ve metabolik indikatörleri. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 705-711.
- Shaver RD, 1997. Nutritional risk factors in the etiology of left displaced abomasum in dairy cows: A Review. J Dairy Sci, 80, 2449-2453.
- Sickinger M, Leiser R, Failing K, Doll K, 2008. Evaluation of differences between breeds for substance p, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neurofilament 200 in the abomasal wall of cattle. Am J Vet Res, 69, 1247-1253.
- Stengarde L, Holtenius K, Traven M, Hultgren J, Niskanen R, Emanuelson U, 2010. Blood profiles in dairy cows with displaced abomasum. J Dairy Sci, 93, 4691-4699.
- Stengarde L, Pehrson BG, 2002. Effects of management, feeding, and treatment on clinical and biochemical variables in cattle with displaced abomasum. Am J Vet Res, 63, 137- 142.
- Stengardea LJ, Hultgrenc M, Travena K, Holtenius K, Emanuelson U, 2012. Risk factors for displaced abomasum or ketosis in Swedish dairy herds. Prev Vet Med, 103, 280- 286.
- Stober M, Saratsis P, 1974. Vergleichende messungen am rumpf von schwarzbunten kühen mit und ohne linksseitige labmagenverlagerung. Dtsch Tierarztl Wschr, 81, 564- 565.
- Swett WW, Graves RR, Miller FW, 1928. Comparison of confirmation, anatomy, and skeletal structure pf a highly specialized dairy cow and a highly specialized beef cow. J Agric Res, 37, 685-717.
- Swett WW, Matthews CA, Miller FW, Graves RR, 1937b. Variations Recorded İn The Study of The Confirmation An Anatomy Of 593 Dairy Cows Having Records Of Production. Us Department of Agriculture, Division Of Dairy Cattle Breeding, Feeding, and Management Investigations, Bureau of Dairy Industry, Washington, BDIM-589 Revised, USA, pp: 1-23.
- Swett WW, Miller FW, Graves RR, Black WH, Creech GT, 1937a. Comparative confirmation, anatomy, and udder characteristics of cows of certain beef and dairy breeds. J Agric Res, 55, 239-287.
- Taylor VJ, Cheng Z, Pushpakumara PG, Beever DE, Wathes DC, 2004. Relationships between the plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor in dairy cows and their fertility and milk yield. Vet Rec, 155, 583-588.
- van Winden SC, Kuiper R, 2003. Left Displacement of the abomasum in dairy cattle: recent developments in epidemiological and etiological aspects. Vet Res, 34, 47-56.
- Wallace CE, 1975. Left abomasal displacement - A retrospective study of 315 cases. Bov Pract, 10, 50-58.
- Wathes DC, Bourne N, Cheng Z, Mann GE, Taylor VJ, Coffey MP, 2007. Multiple correlation analyses of metabolic and endocrine profiles with fertility in primiparous and multiparous cows. J Dairy Sci, 90, 1310-1325.
- Wittek T, Constable PD, Morin DE, 2005. Ultrasonographic assessment of change in abomasal position during gestation and early lactation in Holstein-Friesian cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 227, 1469-1475.
- Wittek T, Fürll M, Constable PD, 2004. Prevalence of endotoxemia in healthy postparturient dairy cows and cows with abomasal volvulus or left displaced abomasum. J Vet Intern Med, 18, 574-580.
- Wittek T, Schreiber K, Furll M, Constable PD, 2005. Use of the D-xylose absorption test to measure abomasal emptying rate in healthy lactating Holstein-Friesian cows and in cows with left displaced abomasum or abomasal volvulus. J Vet Intern Med, 19, 905-913.
- Wittek T, Sen I, Constable PD, 2007. Changes in abdominal dimensions during late gestation and early lactation in Holstein Friesian heifers and cows and their relationship to left displaced abomasum. Vet Rec, 161, 155-161.
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