«Bovine viral diarrhea-Mucosal disease (BVD/MD) »

Year 1992, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 65 - 76, 01.12.1992

Fatma Uyanık

Abstract

Bovine Viral Diarrhea / Mucosal Disease ( BVD/MD)

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD/MD) infeksiyonu,bovine viral
diarrhea virusu (BVDV) tarafından oluşturulan ve sığırlarda görülen bir hastalıktır.
Bu hastalığı,ilk kez 1946 yılında Olafson ve arkadaşları,ABD'de
akut,genellikle öldürücü,sindirim sistemi mukozasında ülserler ve diyare ile
seyreden sığır vebasına benzer tablo gösteren bir sürüde saptamışlar ve" Virusi
Diarrhea " adını veımişlerdir. Ramsey ve Chivers de 1953 yılında benzer belirtiler
gösteren bir hastalığı saptamışlar ve mukozal lezyonların çok şiddetli
olması nedeni ile bu hastalığı "Mucosal Disease" olarak adlandırmışlardır. Bir
süre bunlar iki ayrı hastalık olarak düşünülmüşse de daha sonraları bu iki
sendromdan da aynı virusun sorumlu olduğuna karar verilmiş ve hastalığa
"Bovine Viral Diarrhea/Mucosal Disease" adı verilmiştir (2,12,18).
Bugün, BVD ve MD'in, aynı etyolojik ajan tarafından oluşturulduğu ve
ayrı klinik tablolar gösterdiği kabul edilmektedir. Deneyesel olarak sitepatojen
olmayan (CPE oluşturmayan) BVD virusu ile infeksiyondan sonra sitepatojen
(CPE oluşturan) bir BVD virusu ile infekte edilen sığırlarda mucosal disease
şekillenmektedir. Mukozal diseaese'in persiste infeksiyon oluşturan CPE
oluşturmayan BVD virusunun, CPE oluşturan BVD virusuna mutasyonu ile
de şekillenebileceği bildirilmiştir (2,7).

Keywords

Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Bovine, Viral Diarrhea, Mucosal Disease, BVD, MD, Fatma UYANIK, 1992, Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi

References

• Ames.T.R. (1986) : The causative agent of BVD : Its epidemiology and pathogenesis. Vet. Med., 81:848-869.
• Brownlie,J.(1990): Pathogenesis of mucosal disease and molecular aspects of bovine virus diarrhoea virus. Vet. Microbiol., 23:371-382.
• Burgu.I. (1987) : Özel Viroloji. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Teksir No. 87/88-2. s.30-33.
• Burgu,l.,Öztürk,F., Akça, Y .. Toker,A., Frey, R. ve Liess, B. (1990) : Türkiye'de koyunlarda bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) enfeksiyonlarıntn varlığı ve önemi. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 37: 121-127.
• Castrucci, G., Cilli, V. and Gagliardi, G. (1968): Bovine virus diarrhea in Italy. Archiv. für die gesamte Virusforschung, 24:48-64.
• Castrucci, G., Avelinni. G., Cilli, V., Pedini, B., McKercher. D.G. and Valente. C. (1975): A study of immunologic relationships among serologically heterologous strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus by cross immunity tests. Cornell Vet. 65:65-72.
• Corapi,W.V., Donis, R.O. and Dubovi, E.J. (1990): Characterizalion of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and tlıeir use in the study of the antigenic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Am. J. Vet. Res .. 51:1388-1393.
• Darbyshire, J.H. (1962): Agar gel diffusion studies with a mucosal disease of cattle. II. A serological relationship between a mucosal disease and swine fever. Res. Vet. Sci., 3:125-128 .
• Diderholm. H. and Dinter, Z. (1966): Infectious RNA derived from bovine virus diarrhoea virus.Zentralblatt Bacteriol. Parasit. Infektions. Hygi., 201:270-272.
• Dufeel, S.J. and Harkness,J.W. (1987): The bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease complex. Vet. Annual., 91-97.
• Durham P.J.K. and Hassard, L.E. (1990): An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Vet. Microbiol., 22:1-10.
• Finci,E. ( 1973 ): Türkiye'de mucosal disease ( -virusi diyare) üzerinde araştırmalar. IV. Bilim kongresi. Ankara.
• George. T.D., Snowdon,W.A., Parsonson. I.M. and French,E.L. (1967): A serological survey of mucosal disease and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in Australia and New Guinea. Aust. Vet. J., 43:549-557.
• Gillespie.J.H .. Madin.S.H. and Darby. N.B. (1962): Cellular resistance in tissue culture, induced by noncytopatlıogenic strains, to a cytopathogenic strain of virus fdiarrhea virus of cattle. Exp. Biol. Med., 110:248-250.
• Gillespie, J. H., Baker, J. A. and McEntee, K. (1960): A cytopathogenic strain of virus diarrhea virus. Cornell Vet., 50:73-79.
• Gutekunst, D.E. and Malmquist,W . A. (1963): Separation of a soluble antigen and infectious particles of bovine viral diarrhea to hog cholera . Can. J. Comp. Med. Vet. Sci .. 27:121-123.
• Gutekunst, D.E. and Malmquist, W.A.(1964) : Complement-fixing and neutralizing antibody response to bovine viral diarrhea and hog cholera antigens. Can. J. Comp. Med. Vet. Sci .. 28:19-23.
• Hermodson,S. and Dinler, Z. (1962) : Properties of bovine virus diarrhoea virus. Nature, 485:893-894.
• Hewicker.M., Wöhrmann,T .. Fernandez.A., Trautwein,G., Liess,B. and Moenning, V. (1990): Immunohistological detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen in the central nervous system of persistently infected cattle using ınonoclonal antibodies. Vet. Microbiol.. 23:203-21 O.
• Howard, T.H., Bean.B., Hillman.R. and Monke.D.R. (1990): Surveillance for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in four articifial insemination centers. JAVMA. 196:1951-1955.
• Jubb.K.V.F .. Kennedy, P.C. and Palmer,N . (1985): Pathology of Domestic Animals.3rd Ed., Orlando Academic Press.
• Katz.J .B., Ludemann.L.. Pemberton,J. and Schmerr. M.J. (1987):Detection of bovine virus diarrhca virus in cell culture using an immunoperoxidase technique. Vet. Microbiol., 13:153-157,
• Lecomte , C., Pin, J.J., De Moerlooze, L., Vandenbergh, D .. Lampert, A.F .. Pastoret, P.P. and Chappuis. G. (1990) : ELISA detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus specific antibodies using recombinant antigen and monoclonal antiboides. Vet. Microbiol., 23: 193-201.
• Leforban, Y .. Edwards, S .. Ibata, G. and Vannier, P. (1990): A bloking ELISA to differentiate hog cholera virus anitbodies in pig sera from those due to other pestiviruses. Ann. Reeh. Vet., 21: 119- 129.
• Liess, B. (1990) : Bovine viral diarrhea virus. In: Dinter. Z. and Morein, B.: Virus Infections of Ruminants. Elsevier Sei. Publishing Com. Ine. pp. 247-266.
• Malmquist , W.A.. Ferneilus. A.L. and Gutekunst, D.E. (1965) : Interference of bovine viral diarrhea virus by hog cholera virus in swine kidney cell cultures. Am. J. Vet. Res, 26: 1316-132.
• Mignon, B., Dubuisson, J.. Baranowski, E., Koromyslov, I., Ernst. E., Boulanger, D .. Waxweiler. S. and Pastaret P.P. (1991): A ıııonoclonal ELISA for bovine viral diarrhoea pestivirus antigen detection in persistently infected cattle. J. Virol. Methods, 35: 177-188.
• Moenning. V .. Frey, H.R .. Liebler, E., Pohlenz, J. and Liess, B. (1990) : Reproduction of mucosal disease with cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhoea virus selected in vitro. Vet. Ree., 127 : 200-203.
• Nettleton, P.F., Rweyemamu. M.M. and Sylla. D. (1992) : Pestivirus contamination of veterinary vaceines. PANVAC Vaeeine Bull., 2: 24-33 . Nuttall, P.A., Luther, P.D. and S to tt, E.J. (1977) : Viral contamination of bovine foetal serum and cell cultures. Nature. 266: 835-837.
• Ohmann , H.B. (1988) : BVD virus antigens in tissues of persistently viraemic, clinically normal cattle : lmplications for the pathogenesis of clinically fatal disease. Acta Vet. Saeand., 29: 77-84.
• Ohmann . H.B. and Babuik, L.A. (1988) : Influence of interferons a 11 and a and of tumour necrosis factor on persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in vitro .J. Gen. Virol.. 69: 1399-1403.
• Paton, D.J., Ibate. G., Edwars, S. and Wendvoort, G. (1991): AnELISA detecting antibody to conserved pestivirus epitops. J. Viral. Methods, 31: 315-324.
• Robson. D.S. Gillespie, J.H. and Baker, J.A. (1960) : The neutralization test as an indicator of immunity to virus diarrhea. Cornel Vet., 50: 503-509.
• Rodostits, O.M. and Littlejohns,I.R. (1988) : New concepts in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by the bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Can. Vet. J., 29 : 513-528.
• Shannon, A.D., Richards, S.G .. Kirkland, P.D. and Moyle, A. (1991) : An antigen-caplure ELISA detects pestivirus antigen in blood and tissues of immunotolerant carrier cattle. J. Virol Methods, 34: 1-12.
• Singh. K.V. (1969) : Intranuclear inclusions in bovine embryo cell cultures infected with bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus. Vet. Rec., 230-232.
• Urman , H.K. (1983) : Evcil Hayvanların Özel Patolojik Anatomisi. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Yay. No. 391. S. 24-27.
• Wellemans, G. et Van Opdenbosh, E. (1987) Mise en evidence du virus BVD (bovine viral diarrhoea virus) dans plusieurs ligness cellulaires. Ann. Rech. Vet., 18: 99-102.