The Effect of Dietary Sanguinaria canadensis Extract and/or Mannan-Oligosaccharide Supplementation on Body Weight and Serum Total Antioxidant Activity in Broilers Under Heat Stress

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 148 - 158, 03.01.2025

Onur Keser , Tanay Bilal , Erol Erçağ

https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1534170

Öz

Sanguinaria canadensis L. is an herbalceous perennial that contains benzophenanthridine alkaloids, including sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. Mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) is derived from the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the supplementation of Sanguinaria canadensis extract (SCE) and/or MOS on body weight and serum total antioxidant activity in broilers under heat stress (HS[+]) and normal (HS[-]) conditions. A total of 72 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler were randomly assigned to 8 pens in two environmentally controlled rooms (4 pens per room). The dietary treatments were: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet plus 1 g/kg of SCE, (3) basal diet plus 1 g/kg of MOS, (4) basal diet plus 1 g/kg of SCE and 1 g/kg of MOS. At 15 days of age, the chickens in one of the two rooms were exposed to HS (34±2°C) for 6 h, while the chickens in another room were continuously kept under normal conditions, serving as control treatment (22±2°C). During the study, body weights were significantly different and these differences were depended on diet and heat. HS[+] groups had lower body weights, however, the supplementation of SCE and MOS improved this situation positively. During the study, it was also determined that there was an interaction between diet and heat. Differences for serum antioxidant activity between HS[-] and HS[+] groups were significant for CUPRAC analysis results and unsignificant for ABTS analysis results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Broiler, Heat stress, Mannan oligosaccharide, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sanguinaria canadensis

Broyler Diyetlerine Sanguinaria cadensis Ekstraktı ve/veya Mannan-Oligosakkarit İlavesinin Sıcaklık Stresi Altında Canlı Ağırlık ve Serum Total Antioksidan Aktivitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Sanguinaria canadensis L., sanguinarine ve dihydrosanguinarine dahil olmak üzere benzophenanthridine alkaloidleri içeren çok yıllık bir bitkidir. Mannan-oligosakkaritler (MOS) Saccharomyces cerevisiae mayasının hücre duvarından elde edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Sanguinaria canadensis ekstraktı (SCE) ve/veya MOS ilavesinin sıcaklık stresi (HS[+]) ve normal (HS[-]) koşullar altındaki broylerlerde canlı ağırlık ve serum total antioksidan aktivitesi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Toplam 72 adet bir günlük broyler civcivleri (Ross 308), çevre kontrollü iki odada 8 kümese (oda başına 4 kümes) rastgele ayrılmıştır. Gruplara (1) bazal diyet (kontrol), (2) bazal diyet + 1 g/kg SCE, (3) bazal diyet + 1 g/kg MOS, (4) bazal diyet + 1 g/kg SCE + 1 g/kg MOS şeklinde 42 gün boyunca besleme uygulanmıştır. Hayvanlar 15 günlük olunca, iki odadan birindeki gruplar 6 saat boyunca sıcaklık stresine (34±2°C) maruz bırakılırken, diğer odadaki gruplar kontrol muamelesi olarak sürekli normal (22±2°C) koşullarda tutulmuştur. Çalışma boyunca, vücut ağırlıkları önemli ölçüde farklılık göstermiş ve bu farklılıklar diyet ve sıcaklığa bağlı olmuştur. Sıcaklık stresine maruz kalan gruplar daha düşük vücut ağırlığına sahipken, SCE ve MOS takviyesi bu durumu olumlu yönde iyileştirmiştir. Çalışma sırasında diyet ve sıcaklık arasında bir etkileşim olduğu da tespit edilmiştir. HS[-] ve HS[+] gruplar arasındaki serum antioksidan aktivite farklılıkları CUPRAC analiz sonuçları için önemli, ABTS analiz sonuçları için ise önemsiz bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Broiler, Sıcaklık stresi, Mannan oligosakkarit, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sanguinaria canadensis

Kaynakça

• Abd El Latif MA. (2023) Effect of commercial enzymes and/or mannan oligosaccharide suplementation on productive performance, nutritive values and metabolic indices of broiler chicks. Egyptian J Anim Prod, 60(2), 61-75.
• Abudabos AM, Aljumaah MR, Aabdullatif A, Suliman GM. (2020) Feed supplementation with some natural products on Salmonella infected broilers’ performance and intestinal injury during the starter period. Ital J Anim Sci, 19(1), 1304-1309. doi: 10.1080/1828051X.2020.1814170
• Adhami VM, Aziz MH, Reagan-Shaw SR, Nihal M, Mukhtar H, Ahmad N. (2004) Sanguinarine causes cell cycle blockade and apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma cells via modulation of cyclin kinase inhibitor-cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase machinery. Mol Cancer Ther, 3(8), 933-40. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.933.3.8
• Aljumaah MR, Alkhulaifi MM, Aljumaah RS, Abudabos AM, Abdullatif AA, Suliman GM, Al-Ghadi MQ, Stanley D. (2020) Influence of sanguinarine-based phytobiotic supplementation on post necrotic enteritis challenge recovery. Heliyon, 6, e05361. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05361
• AOAC. (2000) Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Virginia, USDA, Washington, DC.
• Apak R, Güçlü K, Özyürek M, Karademir SE, Altun M. (2005) Total antioxidant capacity assay of human serum using copper (II)-neocuproine as chromogenic oxidant: the CUPRAC method. Free Radic Res, 39(9), 949-961. doi: 10.1080/10715760500210145
• Arjona AA, Denbow DM, Weaver WDJR. (1988) Effect of heat stress early in life on mortality of broilers exposed to high enviromental temperatures just prior to marketing, Poult Sci, 67(2), 226-231. doi: 10.3382/ps.0670226
• Attia YA, Hamed RS, Elhamid AEA, Alharthi MA, Shahba HA, Bovera F. (2015) Performance, blood profile, carcass and meat traits and tissue morphology in growing rabbits fed mannanoligosaccharides and zinc-bacitracin continuously or intermittently. Anim Sci Pap Rep, 33(1), 85-101.
• Babinszky L, Halas V, Verstegen MWA. (2011) Impacts of climate change on animal production and quality of animal food products (Chapter 10) In: J. A. Blanco and H. Kheradmand (Eds): Climate change, socioeconomic effects. InTech Publisher. London, UK. 165-190.
• Babior BM. (2000) Phagocytes and oxidative stress. Am J Med, 109(1), 33-44. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00481-2
• Bambagiotti-Alberti M, Pinzauti S, Moneti G, Gratteri P, Coran SA, Vincieri FF. (1991) Characterization of Sanguinaria canadensis L. fluid extract by fab mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 9(10-12), 1083-1087. doi: 10.1016/0731-7085(91)80048-E
• Bavarsadi M, Mahdavi AH, Ansari‐Mahyari S, Jahanian E. (2017) Effects of different levels of sanguinarine on antioxidant indices, immunological responses, ileal microbial counts and jejunal morphology of laying hens fed diets with different levels of crude protein. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 101(5), 936-948. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12528
• Belhadj Slimen I, Najar T, Ghram A, Dabbebi H, Ben Mrad M, Abdrabbah M. (2014) Reactive oxygen species, heat stress and oxidative-induced mitochondrial damage. A review. Int J Hyperthermia, 30(7), 513-523. doi: 10.3109/02656736.2014.971446
• Bozkurt M, Küçükyılmaz K, Çatlı AU, Çınar M. (2009) Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide with or without oregano essential oil and hop extract supplementation on the performance and slaughter characteristics of male broilers. S Afr J Anim Sci, 39(3), 223-232. doi: 10.4314/sajas.v39i3.49157
• Bozkurt M, Tokuşoğlu Ö, Küçükyilmaz K, Akşit H, Çabuk M, Çatli AU, Seyrek K, Çinar M. (2012) Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide and herbal essential oil blend supplementation on performance and oxidative stability of eggs and liver in laying hens. Ital J Anim Sci, 11(2), 223-229. doi: 10.4081/ijas.2012.e41
• Cecchini S, Fazio F. (2020) Assessment of total antioxidant capacity in serum of heatthy and stressed hens. Animals (Basel), 10(11), 2019. doi: 10.3390/ani10112019.
• Chaves N, Santiago A, Alías JC. (2020) Quantification of the antioxidant activity of plant extracts: Analysis of sensitivity and hierarchization based on the method used. Antioxidants, 9(1), 76. doi: 10.3390/antiox9010076
• Cheng YF, ChenYP, Chen R, Su Y, Zhang RQ, He QF, Wang K, Wen C, Zhou YM. (2019) Dietary mannan oligosaccharide ameliorates cyclic heat stress-induced damages on intestinal oxidative status and barrier integrity of broilers. Poult Sci, 98(10), 4767-4776. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez192
• Cheng Y, Du M, Xu Q, Chen Y, Wen C, Zhou Y. (2018) Dietary mannan oligosaccharide improves growth performance, muscle oxidative status, and meat quality in broilers under cyclic heat stress. J Therm Biol, 75, 106-111. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.06.002
• Croaker A, King GJ, Pyne JH, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Liu L. (2016) Sanguinaria canadensis: traditional medicine, phytochemical composition, biological activities and current uses. Int J Mol Sci, 17(9), 1414. doi: 10.3390/ijms17091414
• Erel OA. (2004) Novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clin Biochem, 37(4), 277-285. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.015
• Eseceli H, Demir E, Degirmencioglu N, Bilgic M. (2010) The effects of Bio-Mos mannan oligosaccharide and antibiotic growth promoter performance of broilers. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(2), 392-395.
• Etim NN, Williams ME, Evans EI, Offiong EEA. (2013) Physiological and behavioural responses of farm animals to stress: Implications to animal productivity. Am J Adv Agric Res, 1(2), 53-61.
• Genç E, Genç MA, Aktaş M, Bircan-Yıldırım Y, İkizdoğan AT. (2011) Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde mannan-olisakkarit (MOS) kullanımı üzerine Türkiye’de farkındalık yaratma (Utilizing mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) in aquaculture to raise awarness in Turkey). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi (SDU-JEFF), 7(1), 18-24.
• George J, Edwards D, Pun S, Williams D. (2022) Evaluation of antioxidant capacity (ABTS and CUPRAC) and total phenolic content (Folin‐Ciocalteu) assays of selected fruit, vegetables, and spices. Int J Food Sci, 2022(1), 2581470. doi: 10.1155/2022/2581470
• Ghazi SH, Habibian M, Moeini MM, Abdolmohammadi AR. (2012) Effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Biol Trace Elem Res, 146, 309-317. doi: 10.1007/s12011-011-9260-1
• Gheisar MM, Kim IH. (2018) Phytobiotics in poultry and swine nutrition–a review. Ital J Anim Sci, 17(1), 92-99. doi: 10.1080/1828051X.2017.1350120
• Ghiselli A, Serafini M, Natella F, Scaccini C. (2000) Total antioxidant capacity as a tool to assess redox status: critical view and experimental data. Free Radic Biol Med, 29(11), 1106-1114. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00394-4
• Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB. (1995) Dietary modulation of the human colonic microflora: Introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr, 125(6), 1401-1412. doi: 10.1093/jn/125.6.1401
• Harkrader RJ, Reinhart PC, Rogers JA, Jones RR, Wylie RE, Lowe BK, McEvoy RM. (1990) The history, chemistry, and pharmacokinetics of Sanguinaria extract. J Can Dent Assoc, 56(7S), 7–12.
• Hasan MF, Youssef FM, Elakhras R. (2020) Evaluation of some treatments for coliform infection in chicken. Egypt Acad J Biolog Sci (B. Zoology), 12(1), 127-138. doi: 10.21608/eajbsz.2020.105147
• Hasan S, Hossain MM, Miah A, Bhuiyan MER. (2014) Influences of prebiotic on growth performance and hematobiochemical parameters in broiler during heat stress. Bangladesh J Vet Med, 12(2), 121-125. doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21273
• Hosseini SM, Nazarizadeh H, Ahani S, Azghandi MV. (2016) Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and Curcuma xanthorrhiza essential oil on theiIntestinal morphology and stress indicators of broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress. Arch Anim Breed, 59(2), 285-291. doi: 10.5194/aab-59-285-2016
• Hosseini-Vashan S, Golian A, Yaghobfar A. (2015) Growth, immune, antioxidant, and bone responses of heat stress-exposed broilers fed diets supplemented with tomato pomace. Inter J Biometerol, 60, 1183-1192.
• Huyghebaert G, Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F. (2011). An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. Vet J, 187(2), 182-188. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.03.003
• Juhász Á, Molnár-Nagy V, Bata Z, Tso KH, Posta K. (2023) Phytobiotic-prebiotic feed additive containing a combination of carob pulp, chicory, and fenugreek improve growth performance, carcass traits, and fecal microbiota of fattening pigs. Animals, 13(23), 3621. doi: 10.3390/ani13233621
• Karakçı D, Çetin İ, Çetin E, Yeşilbağ D. (2022) Effects of aromatic plant extract mixture on laying efficiency, egg quality and antioxidant status in laying quails. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 69(1), 61-68. doi: 10.33988/auvfd.820825
• Khatun A, Das SC, Ray BC, Ahmed T, Hashem MA, Khairunnesa M, Roy BC. (2023) Effects of feeding phytobiotics on growth performance, breast meat quality, blood biochemical indices, and liver enzymes of broiler chickens. Europ Poult Sci, 374. doi: 10.1399/eps.2023.374
• Khongthong S, Faroongsarng D, Roekngam N, Nopparat J, Kraitavin W, Pastor A, Steiner T, Theapparat Y. (2023) Sanguinarine-based isoquinoline alkaloids modulated the gut-brain axis and enhanced growth performance and gut Integrity in natural heat stress broiler chickens. Livest Sci, 275, 105297. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105297
• Kikusato M, Xue G, Pastor A, Niewold TA, Toyomizu M. (2021) Effects of plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloids on growth performance and intestinal function of broiler chickens under heat stress. Poult Sci, 100(2), 957-963. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.050
• Kishore N, Mishra BB, Tripathi V, Tiwari VK. (2009) Alkaloids as potential anti tubercular agents. Fitoterapia, 80(3), 149-163. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.01.002
• Kostadinović L, Lević J. (2018) Effects of phytoad ditives in poultry and pigs diseases. J Agron Technol Eng Manag, 1(1), 1-7.
• Le HH, Shakeri M, Suleria HAR, Zhao W, McQuade RM, Phillips DJ, Vidacs E, Furness JB, Dunshea FR, Artuso-Ponte V, Cottrell, JJ. (2020) Betaine and isoquinoline alkaloids protect against heat stress and colonic permeability in growing pigs. Antioxidants, 9(10), 1024. doi: 10.3390/antiox9101024
• Lin H, Jiao HC, Buyse J, Decuypere E. (2006) Strategies for preventing heat stress in poultry. World's Poult Sci J, 62(1), 71-86. doi: 10.1079/WPS200585
• Liu ZY, Wang XL, Ou SQ, Hou DX, He JH. (2020) Sanguinarine modulate gut microbiome and intestinal morphology to enhance growth performance in broilers. PloS ONE, 15(6), e0234920. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234920
• Miguel MG. (2010) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils: a short review. Molecules, 15(12), 9252-9287. doi: 10.3390/molecules15129252
• Musazade V, Faghfouri AH, Zarezadeh M, Pakmehr A, Moghaddam PT, Hamedi-Kalajahi F, Jahandideh A, Ghoreishi, Z. (2023) Remarkable impacts of probiotics supplementation in enhancing of the antioxidant status: Results of an umbrella meta-analysis. Front Nutr, 10, 1117387. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1117387
• Niu Z, Liu FZ, Yan QL, Li WC. (2009) Effects of different levels of vitamin E on growth performance and immune responses of broilers under heat stress. Poult Sci, 88(10), 2101-2107. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00220
• Puvadolpirod S, Thaxton JP. (2000) Model of physiological stress in chickens 2. Dosimetry of adrenocorticotropin. Poult Sci, 79(3), 370-376. doi: 10.1093/ps/79.3.370
• Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med, 26, 1231-1237. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
• Ren H, Vahjen W, Dadi T, Saliu EM, Boroojeni FG, Zentek J. (2019) Synergistic effects of probiotics and phytobiotics on the intestinal microbiota in young broiler chicken. Microorganisms, 7(12), 684. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7120684
• Sahin K, Kucuk O. (2003) Heat stress and dietary vitamin supplementation of poultry diets. Nutr. Abs. Rev. Series B: Livestock Feeds and Feeding. 73(7), 41-50. doi: 10.1079/cabireviews20033127283
• Sahin, K., Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Ali S, Sahin N, Hayir A. (2010) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents lipid peroxidation and enhances antioxidant defense system via modulating hepatic nuclear transcription factors in heat-stressed quails. Poult Sci, 89(10), 2251-2258. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-00749
• Sayed Y, Hassan M, Salem HM, Al-Amry K, Eid GE. (2023) Prophylactic influences of prebiotics on gut microbiome and immune response of heat-stressed broiler chickens. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 13991. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40997-7
• Senchina DS, Flinn GN, McCann DA, Kohut ML, Shearn CT. (2009) Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L., Papaveraceae) enhances proliferation and cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an in vitro model. J Herbs Spices Med Plants, 15(1), 45-65. doi: 10.1080/10496470902787485
• Sohail MU, Hume ME, Byrd JA, Nisbet DJ, Ijaz A, Sohail A, Shabbir MZ, Rehman, H. (2012) Effect of supplementation of prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic mixture on growth performance of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress. Poult Sci, 91(9), 2235-2240. Doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02182
• Sohail MU, Rahman ZU, Ijaz A, Yousaf MS, Ashraf K, Yaqub T, Zaneb H, Anwar H, Rehman, H. (2011) Single or combined effects of mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic supplements on the total oxidants, total antioxidants, enzymatic antioxidants, liver enzymes, and serum trace minerals in cyclic heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci, 90(11), 2573-2577. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01502
• Song ZH, Cheng K, Zheng XC, Ahmad H, Zhang LL, Wang T. (2018) Effects of dietary supplementation with enzymatically treated Artemisia annua on growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci, 97(2), 430-437. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex312
• Stefańska B, Sroka J, Katzer F, Goliński P, Nowak W. (2021) The effect of probiotics, phytobiotics and their combination as feed additives in the diet of dairy calves on performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites during the preweaning period. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 272, 114738. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114738
• Sur A, Zengin M, İflazoğlu Mutlu S, Tatlı Seven P, Seven İ, Bacaksız OK. (2023) Sıcaklık Stresine Maruz Bırakılmış Damızlık Erkek Bıldırcınlarda Diyete Katılan Meyan Kökünün (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) Bazı Antioksidan Parametreler ve Organ Ağırlıkları Üzerine Etkileri. F Ü Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 37(3), 181-187.
• Taye K, Nikam MG, Dhumal MV, Khose KK, Munde VK. (2021) Influence of beta-glucan, Mannan oligosaccharides and their Combination on Performance of Broiler Chicken. Int J Livest Res, 11(11), 26-32. doi: 10.5455/ijlr.20210820020138
• Vieira SL, Oyarzabal OA, Freitas DM, Berres J, Pena JEM, Torres CA, Coneglian JLB. (2008) Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with sanguinarine-like alkaloids and organic acids. J Appl Poult Res, 17(1), 128-133. doi: 10.3382/japr.2007-00054
• Vrublova E, Vostalova J, Vecera R, Klejdus B, Stejskal D, Kosina P, Zdarilova A, Svobodova A, Lichnovski V, Anzenbacher P, Dvorak Z, Vicar J, Simanek V, Ulrichova, J. (2008) The toxicity and pharmacokinetics of dihydrosanguinarine in rat: a pilot study. Food Chem Toxicol, 46(7), 2546-2553. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.013
• Wang M, Zhang J, Huang X, Liu Y, Zeng J. (2022) Effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract on growth performance, biochemical indices, and intestinal microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers subjected to chronic heat stress. Animals, 12(17), 2197. doi: 10.3390/ani12172197
• Wu Y, Zhao N, Cao Y, Sun Z, Wang Q, Liu Z, Sun Z. (2020) Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 43(2), 208-214. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12835.
• Xue S, Xia B, Zhang B, Li L, Zou Y, Shen Z, Xiang Y, Han Y, Chen W. (2022) Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth performance, immunity, inflammatory and antioxidant responses of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under ammonia stress. Front Mar Sci, 9, 1062597. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.1062597
• Yadav S, Jha R. (2019) Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, and health of poultry. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 10, 2. doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0310-9
• Yang C, Tang XW, Liu X, Yang H, Bin DM, Liu HJ, Tang QH, Tang JY. (2022) Effects of dietary oligosaccharides on serum biochemical index, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant status in broilers. Anim Sci J, 93(1), e13679. doi: 10.1111/asj.13679
• Yang L, Tan GY, Fu YQ, Feng JH, Zhang MH. (2010) Effects of acute heat stress and subsequent stress removal on function of hepatic mitochondrial respiration, ROS production and lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 151(2), 204-208. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.10.010
• Yıldırım BA. (2016) Sıcaklık stresi oluşturulan broylerlerde yeme ilave edilen Taraxacum officinale L. ve Hypericum scabrum L. bitki ekstraktlarının bazı biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkileri. Atatürk Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg, 47(1), 65-70.
• Zbeda, AL. (2021) Effect of mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on productive traits, immunity, blood parameters and antioxidative status in growing rabbits. J Adv Stud Agric Biol Environ Sci (JABE), 8(4), 1-16. doi: 10.33329/jabe.8.4.1
• Zdarilova A, Vrublova E, Vostalova J, Klejdus B, Stejskal D, Proskova J, Kosina P, Svobodova A, Vecera R, Hrbac J, Cernochova D, Vicar J, Ulrichova J, Simanek V. (2008) Natural feed additive of Macleaya cordata: safety assessment in rats a 90-day feeding experiment. Food Chem Toxicol, 46(12), 3721-3726. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.054
• Zdunczyk Z, Gruzauskas R, Juskiewicz J, Semaskaite A, Jankowski J, Godycka-Klos I, Jarule V, Mieželiene A, Alencikiene, G. (2010) Growth performance, gastrointestinal tract responses, and meat characteristics of broiler chickens fed a diet containing the natural alkaloid sanguinarine from Macleaya cordata. J Appl Poult Res, 19(4), 393-400. doi: 10.3382/japr.2009-00114
• Zheng C, Li F, Hao Z, Liu T. (2018) Effects of adding mannan oligosaccharides on digestibility and metabolism of nutrients, ruminal fermentation parameters, immunity and antioxidant capacity of sheep. J Anim Sci, 96(1), 284-292. doi: 10.1093/jas/skx040
• Zhou J, Liu B, Liang C, Li Y, Song YH. (2016) Cytokine signaling in skeletal muscle wasting. Trends Endocrinol Metab, 27(5), 335-347. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.002
• Zhou M, Tao Y, Lai C, Huang C, Yong Q. (2021) Dietary mannanoligosaccharide supplementation improves growth performance, intestinal integrity, serum immunity, and antioxidant capacity of partridge shank chickens. J Poult Sci, 58(3), 147-153. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.0200054