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Java Kültürü’nden gelen Jaka Tingkir Folkloru’nda Kahramanlığın Değeri

Year 2022, Volume: 28 Issue: 112, 1149 - 1170, 01.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2234

Abstract

Jaka Tingkir folkloru, Endonezya Merkez Java’da bulunan Sragen’deki popüler bir
kültür biçimidir. Bu folklorik veriler, Demak Krallığı’nda Jaka Tingkir’in kendisini
Pajang askerlerinin liderine ve Pajang Krallığı’ na adadığı zamanlarda, Tingkir’in
Sultan Hadiwijaya ismini alıp kral olmasıyla ortaya çıkmıştır. UNESCO bu önem
ve özgünlüğü nedeniyle kültür formunu Endonezya’ya ait olarak kabul etmiştir.
Böylelikle günlük hayatta bu folklor türünden toplumdaki karakter yapısını
biçimlendirmek üzere faydalanmak mümkün olacaktır. Kahramansal değerler, Jaka
Tingkir Folklor’unun ana karakteri olan Jaka Tingkir’e odaklıdır. Bu araştırma
çalışması Endonezya, Merkez Java’da Butuh, Gedongan, Plupuh ve Sragen’de
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma, folklor yaklaşımlı bir kültürel araştırmadır. Araştırma
iki veri kaynağından oluşmaktadır. Muhammad Aziz, Suparno, Andun Jailani ve
Iswahyudi, sözlü verilerden meydana gelen birincil kaynağı sağlamışlardır. İkincil
ve yazılı kaynağı oluşturanlar ise Merkez Java, Jaka Tingkir Halk Hikâyesi Kitabı:
Vahiy Dolambaçlı Yollardan Gelir ve Babad Demak 2’dir. Örnek seçimi için
amaçsal örnekleme metodu kullanılmışır. Bu çalışmadaki veri toplama yöntemi,
sözlü verilerden gelen öykü mülakatlarının sonuç raporlarından ve yazılı veri
için gerçekleştirilen edebî çalışmalardan faydalanmaya dayalıdır. Toplanan bu
verinin geçerliliği için kaynak üçgenlemesi kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki veri
analizi metodları fonksiyonel analiz ve döküman analizlerinden oluşmaktadır. Bu
çalışmanın sonuçları, Jaka Tingkir folklorundaki iyi ahlak, fedakârlık için duyulan
istek, ülkeyi savunma, disiplin, asla pes etmeme, cesur, dürüst, sorumluluk sahibi,
özgüvenli olma ve liderlik olarak bilinen kahramanlık değerleridir. İnsanlar ve
hayvanlar bu değerleri hayatlarında uygulayabilirler. Bahsi geçen bu değerler,
bir ya da birden çok insana hitap edilebilir. Bu kahramansal değerler hakkında
incelemeler yapılmasının sebebi, bahsi geçen bu değerlerin, topluma karakter
oluşturma açısından sağlayacağı faydaların varlığıdır.

References

  • Allison, S. T., Goethals, G. R., & Kramer, R. (2017). The handbook of heroism and heroic leadership. Routledge. Amri, Y. K., Putri, D. M., & Saputra, B. P. (2022). Form of mandate as a message in folklore. Matondang Journal, 1 (1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.33258/matondang.v1i1.582
  • Asika, I. E. (2020). Resurrecting igbo cultural values through folklore: ‘Egwu Onwa’ and its commitment towards societal ethos. Nigerian Journal of African Studies, 2 (2), 1–14. https://www. nigerianjournalsonline.com/index.php/NJAS/article/view/1332
  • Baan, A. (2021). Folklore in literature learning as a model for developing cultural characters and student’s personality. ISLLAC, 5 (1), 83–93. http://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/jisllac/article/ view/19073
  • Balthazar, C. H., & Vendrely, A. M. (2022). Rehabilitation research: Principles and applications. Elsevier.
  • Beggan, J. K. (2019). On the downside of heroism: Grey zone limitations on the value of social and physical risk heroism. Heroism Science: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 4 (2), 1–35. https://doi. org/10.26736/hs.2019.02.05
  • Bertrand, R. (2015). Locating the ‘family-state’: The forgotten legacy of Javanese theories of the public domain (17th-20thc.). Patrimonial Capitalism and Empire, 28, 241–265. https://doi.org/10.1108/ S0198-871920150000028010
  • Bronner, S. J. (2019). The Oxford handbook of American folklore and folklife studies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190840617.001.0001.
  • Brown, J. W. (2021). The security leader’s communication playbook: Bridging the gap between security and the business. CRC Press.

Heroic Values in Jaka Tingkir Folklore from Javanese Culture

Year 2022, Volume: 28 Issue: 112, 1149 - 1170, 01.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2234

Abstract

The folklore “Jaka Tingkir” is a form of Javanese culture and literature which is
popular in Sragen, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. The story takes place in the Kingdom
of Demak (when Jaka Tingkir devoted himself as leader of the soldiers), as well
as in the Kingdom of Pajang (when Jaka Tingkir becomes the king with “Sultan
Hadiwijaya” title). UNESCO has recognized this folklore as ‘Indonesian culture’
and stated that it has a good value, therefore people can use it as a way to build
(improve) their characters in daily life. This research aims to describe the ‘values
of heroism’ in this particular folklore. The heroic values are emphasized in the
main character; Jaka Tingkir. This research was conducted in Butuh, Desa
Gedongan, Kecamatan Plupuh, Kabupaten Sragen, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. This
is a cultural qualitative research with a folklore approach and consists of two data
sources. The sources of the verbal data as well as the primary data are from four
people; namely Muhammad Aziz, Suparno, Andun Jailani and Iswahyudi - while
the sources of the written data as well as the secondary data are Buku Cerita Rakyat
Jawa Tengah Jaka, novel epik Jaka Tingkir: Jalan Berliku Menjemput Wahyu, and
Babad Demak 2. The researcher used purposive sampling for the sample selection.
Meanwhile, the data were collected through narrative interviews (for the verbal
data) and literature study (for the written data). The validity of the data in this
research is processed with source triangulation, while the data analysis method
is functional and document analysis. The results of this research suggest that the
values of heroism in the folklore “Jaka Tingkir” are good morals, the willingness
to sacrifice, loyal to the country (willing to defend it), discipline, relentless, brave,
honest, responsible, confident and great leadership skills. Living creatures, such as
humans (both male and female) or animals can imply these values in life, which
can be addressed to an individual or many people. The reason these particular
values were examined is because they can be useful as a way to build and improve
one’s character, especially in today’s society

References

  • Allison, S. T., Goethals, G. R., & Kramer, R. (2017). The handbook of heroism and heroic leadership. Routledge. Amri, Y. K., Putri, D. M., & Saputra, B. P. (2022). Form of mandate as a message in folklore. Matondang Journal, 1 (1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.33258/matondang.v1i1.582
  • Asika, I. E. (2020). Resurrecting igbo cultural values through folklore: ‘Egwu Onwa’ and its commitment towards societal ethos. Nigerian Journal of African Studies, 2 (2), 1–14. https://www. nigerianjournalsonline.com/index.php/NJAS/article/view/1332
  • Baan, A. (2021). Folklore in literature learning as a model for developing cultural characters and student’s personality. ISLLAC, 5 (1), 83–93. http://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/jisllac/article/ view/19073
  • Balthazar, C. H., & Vendrely, A. M. (2022). Rehabilitation research: Principles and applications. Elsevier.
  • Beggan, J. K. (2019). On the downside of heroism: Grey zone limitations on the value of social and physical risk heroism. Heroism Science: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 4 (2), 1–35. https://doi. org/10.26736/hs.2019.02.05
  • Bertrand, R. (2015). Locating the ‘family-state’: The forgotten legacy of Javanese theories of the public domain (17th-20thc.). Patrimonial Capitalism and Empire, 28, 241–265. https://doi.org/10.1108/ S0198-871920150000028010
  • Bronner, S. J. (2019). The Oxford handbook of American folklore and folklife studies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190840617.001.0001.
  • Brown, J. W. (2021). The security leader’s communication playbook: Bridging the gap between security and the business. CRC Press.
There are 8 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Turkish Folklore
Journal Section Article
Authors

Agus Widiyanto This is me 0000-0001-9843-2423

S. Suyitno This is me 0000-0002-9081-8871

M. Hum Supana This is me 0000-0003-3211-147X

Publication Date November 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 28 Issue: 112

Cite

APA Widiyanto, A., Suyitno, S., & Supana, M. H. (2022). Heroic Values in Jaka Tingkir Folklore from Javanese Culture. Folklor/Edebiyat, 28(112), 1149-1170. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2234

Journal website: https://folkloredebiyat.org
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The journal is indexed by TR-Dizin, Web of Science (ESCI), DOAJ, and many other indexes and datebases.
Within the scope of TR DIZIN 2020 Ethical Criteria and as of the year 2020, studies requiring ethics committee approval must indicate Ethics Committee Approval details (committe-date-issue) in the article’s methods section. With this in mind, we request from our author candidates to edit their article accordingly before sending it to the journal.

Field EdItors

Folklore:
Prof.Dr. Hande Birkalan-Gedik
(Frankfurt University- birkalan-gedik@em.uni.frankfurt.de)
Prof. Dr. Arzu Öztürkmen
(Bosphorus University- ozturkme@boun.edu.tr)
Edebiyat-Literature
Prof. Dr. G. Gonca Gökalp Alpaslan (Hacettepe University - ggonca@
hacettepe.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Ramazan Korkmaz
(President, Caucasus University Association- r_korkmaz@hotmail.com)
Antropoloji-Anthropology
Prof. Dr. Akile Gürsoy
(Beykent University - gursoyakile@gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Serpil Aygün Cengiz
(Ankara University - serpilayguncengiz@gmail.com)
Dil-Dilbilim/Linguistics
Prof.Dr. Aysu Erden
(Maltepe University - aysuerden777@gmail.com)
Prof. Dr. V. Doğan Günay
(Dokuz Eylul University- dogan.gunay@deu.edu.tr)