BibTex RIS Cite

Tarım Arazilerinin Toprak Kalitesi Değerlendirmelerinde Biyokimyasal Özelliklerinin Kullanımı

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 11, 17 - 28, 01.06.2019

Abstract

Toprak kalitesinin tanımlanması, toprakların ekosistem hizmetlerini sürdürülebilir bir şekilde sağlamalarını temin edecek şekilde kullanma, koruma ve yönetim amacını gütmektedir. Zaman içerisinde, toprak kalitesindeki değişimin izlenmesi, toprağın fonksiyonlarını yerine getirmesine engel olan uygulamaların veya kullanımların tespit edilmesini ve mümkünse değiştirilmesini yapabilmeyi sağlar. Toprak yönetimi ile ilgili kararların etkinliği ve başarısı, toprağın fonksiyonlarını sunmasına katkısı olan ölçülebilir göstergelerin değerlendirilmesi ve izlenmesi ile mümkün olabilir. Göstergelerin, arazi yönetimine ve kimyasal kirleticilere karşı hassas olan toprak özelliklerinden olması ve toprağın fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerini ve süreçlerini entegre etmesi önemlidir. Bu kapsamda, toprak organik maddesinin ayrışmasında, besin döngüsünde, toprak kirleticilerin parçalanmasında, toprak strüktürünün oluşumunda ve dayanıklılığında kilit rol oynayan ve topraktaki canlıların göstergesi olan biyokimyasal özellikler en yarayışlı göstergelerdir. Özellikle toprağın yüzey katmanında bulunan toprak canlıları, kuraklık nedeniyle oluşan stres, taşkın, organik maddenin azalması ve artan kirletici konsantrasyonlarına karşı çok hızlı tepi verdiklerinden, toprak kalitesindeki değişimin erkenci göstergeleri olarak kabul edilirler

References

  • Acosta-Martínez, V., Cruz, L., Sotomayor-Ramirez, D., Perez-Alegria, L., 2007. Enzyme activities as affected by soil properties and land use in a tropical watershed. Appl. Soil Ecol. 35, 35–45.
  • Aravindh S., Chinnadurai, C., Balachandar, D. 2019. Development of soil biological quality index for soils of semi-arid tropics. Journal of Soil Discussions. doi.org/10.5194/soil- 2019-60.
  • Armas, C.M., Santana, B.,Mora, J.L., Notario, J.S., Arbelo, C.D., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, A., 2007. A biological quality index for volcanic Andisols and Aridisols (Canary Islands, Spain): variations related to the ecosystem development. Sci. Total Environ. 378, 238– 244.
  • Bastida, F., Moreno, J.L., Hernández, T., García, C., 2006. Microbiological degradation index of soils in a semiarid climate. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38, 3463–3473.
  • Bastida, F., Zsolnay, A., Hernández, T., García, C., 2008. Past, present and future of soil quality indices: a biological perspective. Geoderma 147, 159–171.
  • Bécaert, V., Samson, R., Deschênes, L., 2006. Effect of 2,4-D contamination on soil functional stability evaluated using the relative soil stability index (RSSI). Chemosphere 64, 1713–1721.
  • Bhaduri, D., Purakayastha, T. J., Patra, A. K., Singh, M., Wilson, B. R. (2017). Biological indicators of soil quality in a long-term rice–wheat system on the Indo-Gangetic plain: combined effect of tillage–water–nutrient management. Environmental earth sciences, 76(5), 202. Carson, J., 2012. Microbial Biomass Carbon. Fact Sheets. http://soilquality.org.au/factsheets/microbial-biomass-carbon-nsw Erişim tarihi 13 Aralık 2019.
  • Dale VH, Peacock AD, Garten CT, Sobek E, Wolfe AK. 2008. Selecting indicators of soil, microbial, and plant conditions to understand ecological changes in Georgia pine forest. Ecological Indicators 8: 818–827.
  • Dick RP. 1994. Soil Enzyme Activity as an Indicator of Soil Quality. In: Doran JW et al., editors. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment.. Madison, WI. p107-124.
  • Dick R. 1996. Soil enzyme activities as integrative indicators of soil health. In: Doran J, Jones, A., editor. Methods for assessing soil quality. Madison, Wisconsin: Soil Science Society of America, Inc. p. 121-56.
  • Dick, R.P., 1997. Soil enzyme activities as integrative indicators of soil health. In:Pankhurst, C.E., Doube, B.M., Gupta, V.V.S.R. (Eds.), Biological Indicators of Soil Health. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 121–156.
  • Fließbach, A., Oberholzer, H. R., Gunst, L., & Mäder, P. (2007). Soil organic matter and biological soil quality indicators after 21 years of organic and conventional farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 118(1-4), 273-284.
  • García-Orenes, F., Guerrero, C., Roldán, A., Mataix-Solera, J., Cerdà, A., Campoy, M., ... & Caravaca, F. (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activity under different agricultural management systems in a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem. Soil and Tillage Research, 109(2), 110-115.
  • García-Orenes F, Cerdà A, Mataix-Solera J, Guerrero C, Bodí MB, Arcenegui V, Zornoza R, Sempere JG. 2009. Effects of agricultural management on surface soil properties and soil-water losses in eastern Spain. Soil and Tillage Research 106: 117–123.
  • Hseu ZY, Chen ZS, Tsai CC (1999) Selected indicators and conceptual framework for assessment methods of soil Quality in arable soils of Taiwan. Soil Environ 2:77–88
  • Kabiri, V., Raiesi, F., & Ghazavi, M. A. (2016). Tillage effects on soil microbial biomass, SOM mineralization and enzyme activity in a semi-arid Calcixerepts. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 232, 73-84.
  • Karlen, D.L., Mausbach, M.J., Doran, J.W., Cline, R.G., Harris, R.F., Schuman, G.E., 1997. Soil quality: a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 61, 4–10.
  • Karlen, D. L., Hurley, E. G., Andrews, S. S., Cambardella, C. A., Meek, D. W., Duffy, M. D., and Mallarino, A. P.: Crop rotation effects on soil quality at three northern corn/soybean belt locations, Agronomy journal, 98, 484-495,
  • Knight T, Dick, R. 2004. Differentiating microbial and stabilized β–glucosidase activity relative to soil quality. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 36:2089-96.
  • Korucu, T., Arslan, S., Günal, H., & Şahin, M. (2009). Spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture content and penetration resistance as affected by post harvest period and stubble burning of wheat. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18(9A), 1736-1747.
  • Laudicina, V.A., Badalucco, L., Palazzolo, E., 2011. Effects of compost input and tillage intensity on soil microbial biomass and activity under Mediterranean conditions. Biol. Fertil. Soils 47, 63–70.
  • Martinez-Salgado, M. M., Gutiérrez-Romero, V., Jannsens, M., & Ortega-Blu, R. (2010). Biological soil quality indicators: a review. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, 1, 319-328.
  • Marzaioli, R., D’Ascoli, R., De Pascale, R. A., & Rutigliano, F. A. (2010). Soil quality in a Mediterranean area of Southern Italy as related to different land use types. Applied Soil Ecology, 44(3), 205-212.
  • Masto RE, Chhonkar PK, Singh D, Patra AK (2007) Soil Quality response to long-term nutrient and crop management on a semiarid Inceptisol. Agric Ecosyst Environ 118(1– 4):130–142
  • Moreno, J.L., Bastida, F., Herna´ndez, T., Garcı´a, C., 2008. Relationship between the agricultural management of a semi-arid soil and microbiological quality. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analalysis 39, 421– 439.
  • Nannipieri P, Greco S, Ceccanti B (1990) Ecological significance of the biological activities in soil. In: Bollog JM, Stotzky G (eds) Soil biochemistry, vol 6. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp 293–355
  • Paz‐Ferreiro, J., & Fu, S. (2016). Biological indices for soil quality evaluation: perspectives and limitations. Land Degradation & Development, 27(1), 14-25.
  • Pell, M., Stenstróm, J. O. H. N., & Granhall, U. (2005). 7.2 Soil Respiration. Bloem, J; DW Hopkins & A Benedetti, 117-126.
  • Rolda´n, A., Salinas-Garci´a, J.R., Alguacil, M.M., Caravaca, F., 2005. Changes in soil enzyme activity, fertility, aggregation and C sequestration mediated by conservation tillage practices and water regime in a maize field. Applied Soil Ecology 30, 11–20.
  • Souza Andrade, D., Colozzi-Filho, A., Giller, K.E., 2003. The soil microbial community and soil tillage. In: El Titi, A. (Ed.), Soil Tillage in Agroecosystems. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, pp. 51–81.
  • Swanepoel, P. A., Habig, J., Du Preez, C. C., Botha, P. R., & Snyman, H. A. (2014). Biological quality of a podzolic soil after 19 years of irrigated minimum-till kikuyu– ryegrass pasture. Soil Research, 52(1), 64-75.
  • Tesfahunegn, G. B., Tamene, L., Vlek, P. L., & Mekonnen, K. (2016). Assessing Farmers' Knowledge of Weed Species, Crop Type and Soil Management Practices in Relation to Soil Quality Status in Mai‐Negus Catchment, Northern Ethiopia. Land degradation & development, 27(2), 120-133.
  • Trasar-Cepeda, C., Leirós, C., Gil-Sotres, F., Seoane, S., 1998. Towards a biochemical quality index for soils: an expression relating several biological and biochemical properties. Biol. Fertil. Soils 26, 100–106.
  • USDA-NRCS, 2014. Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen (PMN). Soil Qulity Indicators. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detailfull/soils/health/assessment/?cid=stelpr db1237387 Erişim tarihi 13 Aralık 2019.
  • van Leeuwen, J., Creamer, R., Cluzeau, D., Debeljak, M., Gatti, F., Henriksen, C., ... & Saby, N. (2019). Modeling of soil functions for assessing soil quality: soil biodiversity and habitat provisioning. Frontiers in Environmental Science, Frontiers, 2019, 7, pp.113.
  • Veum, K. S., Goyne, K. W., Kremer, R. J., Miles, R. J., & Sudduth, K. A. (2014). Biological indicators of soil quality and soil organic matter characteristics in an agricultural management continuum. Biogeochemistry, 117(1), 81-99.
  • Vincent, Q., Chartin, C., Krüger, I., Van Wesemael, B., & Carnol, M. (2019). CARBIOSOL: Biological indicators of soil quality and organic carbon in grasslands and croplands in Wallonia, Belgium. Ecology, 2843, 1-13.
  • Wang, Q., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Guan, J., Liu, L., Lv, D.A., 2012. Land use effects on soil quality along a native wetland to cropland chronosequence. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 53, 114– 120.

The Use of Biochemical Properties in Evaluating the Soil Quality of Agricultural Lands

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 11, 17 - 28, 01.06.2019

Abstract

The assessment of soil quality aims to use, conserve and manage the soils to ensure sustainable provisioning of ecosystem services. Monitoring the changes in soil quality over time enables the detection and, if possible, the modification of practices or uses preventing the functioning potential of soils. The efficiency and success of soil management decisions can only be possible by evaluating and monitoring measurable indicators that contribute to the performing of soil functions. The indicators are soil properties that are sensitive to land management and chemical pollutants and should integrate the physical, chemical and biological properties and processes of the soil. In this context, biochemical properties are the most useful indicators of soil quality and play a key role in the decomposition of soil organic matter, in the nutrient cycle, in the breakdown of soil pollutants, in the formation and stability of soil structure. The biological indicators are also considered as the indicative of living things in the soil. Soil organisms, especially in the surface layer of the soil, are accepted as early indicators of the change in soil quality as they react very quickly to stress caused by drought, flood, decline in organic matter and increase concentration of pollutants

References

  • Acosta-Martínez, V., Cruz, L., Sotomayor-Ramirez, D., Perez-Alegria, L., 2007. Enzyme activities as affected by soil properties and land use in a tropical watershed. Appl. Soil Ecol. 35, 35–45.
  • Aravindh S., Chinnadurai, C., Balachandar, D. 2019. Development of soil biological quality index for soils of semi-arid tropics. Journal of Soil Discussions. doi.org/10.5194/soil- 2019-60.
  • Armas, C.M., Santana, B.,Mora, J.L., Notario, J.S., Arbelo, C.D., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, A., 2007. A biological quality index for volcanic Andisols and Aridisols (Canary Islands, Spain): variations related to the ecosystem development. Sci. Total Environ. 378, 238– 244.
  • Bastida, F., Moreno, J.L., Hernández, T., García, C., 2006. Microbiological degradation index of soils in a semiarid climate. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38, 3463–3473.
  • Bastida, F., Zsolnay, A., Hernández, T., García, C., 2008. Past, present and future of soil quality indices: a biological perspective. Geoderma 147, 159–171.
  • Bécaert, V., Samson, R., Deschênes, L., 2006. Effect of 2,4-D contamination on soil functional stability evaluated using the relative soil stability index (RSSI). Chemosphere 64, 1713–1721.
  • Bhaduri, D., Purakayastha, T. J., Patra, A. K., Singh, M., Wilson, B. R. (2017). Biological indicators of soil quality in a long-term rice–wheat system on the Indo-Gangetic plain: combined effect of tillage–water–nutrient management. Environmental earth sciences, 76(5), 202. Carson, J., 2012. Microbial Biomass Carbon. Fact Sheets. http://soilquality.org.au/factsheets/microbial-biomass-carbon-nsw Erişim tarihi 13 Aralık 2019.
  • Dale VH, Peacock AD, Garten CT, Sobek E, Wolfe AK. 2008. Selecting indicators of soil, microbial, and plant conditions to understand ecological changes in Georgia pine forest. Ecological Indicators 8: 818–827.
  • Dick RP. 1994. Soil Enzyme Activity as an Indicator of Soil Quality. In: Doran JW et al., editors. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment.. Madison, WI. p107-124.
  • Dick R. 1996. Soil enzyme activities as integrative indicators of soil health. In: Doran J, Jones, A., editor. Methods for assessing soil quality. Madison, Wisconsin: Soil Science Society of America, Inc. p. 121-56.
  • Dick, R.P., 1997. Soil enzyme activities as integrative indicators of soil health. In:Pankhurst, C.E., Doube, B.M., Gupta, V.V.S.R. (Eds.), Biological Indicators of Soil Health. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 121–156.
  • Fließbach, A., Oberholzer, H. R., Gunst, L., & Mäder, P. (2007). Soil organic matter and biological soil quality indicators after 21 years of organic and conventional farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 118(1-4), 273-284.
  • García-Orenes, F., Guerrero, C., Roldán, A., Mataix-Solera, J., Cerdà, A., Campoy, M., ... & Caravaca, F. (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activity under different agricultural management systems in a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem. Soil and Tillage Research, 109(2), 110-115.
  • García-Orenes F, Cerdà A, Mataix-Solera J, Guerrero C, Bodí MB, Arcenegui V, Zornoza R, Sempere JG. 2009. Effects of agricultural management on surface soil properties and soil-water losses in eastern Spain. Soil and Tillage Research 106: 117–123.
  • Hseu ZY, Chen ZS, Tsai CC (1999) Selected indicators and conceptual framework for assessment methods of soil Quality in arable soils of Taiwan. Soil Environ 2:77–88
  • Kabiri, V., Raiesi, F., & Ghazavi, M. A. (2016). Tillage effects on soil microbial biomass, SOM mineralization and enzyme activity in a semi-arid Calcixerepts. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 232, 73-84.
  • Karlen, D.L., Mausbach, M.J., Doran, J.W., Cline, R.G., Harris, R.F., Schuman, G.E., 1997. Soil quality: a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 61, 4–10.
  • Karlen, D. L., Hurley, E. G., Andrews, S. S., Cambardella, C. A., Meek, D. W., Duffy, M. D., and Mallarino, A. P.: Crop rotation effects on soil quality at three northern corn/soybean belt locations, Agronomy journal, 98, 484-495,
  • Knight T, Dick, R. 2004. Differentiating microbial and stabilized β–glucosidase activity relative to soil quality. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 36:2089-96.
  • Korucu, T., Arslan, S., Günal, H., & Şahin, M. (2009). Spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture content and penetration resistance as affected by post harvest period and stubble burning of wheat. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18(9A), 1736-1747.
  • Laudicina, V.A., Badalucco, L., Palazzolo, E., 2011. Effects of compost input and tillage intensity on soil microbial biomass and activity under Mediterranean conditions. Biol. Fertil. Soils 47, 63–70.
  • Martinez-Salgado, M. M., Gutiérrez-Romero, V., Jannsens, M., & Ortega-Blu, R. (2010). Biological soil quality indicators: a review. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, 1, 319-328.
  • Marzaioli, R., D’Ascoli, R., De Pascale, R. A., & Rutigliano, F. A. (2010). Soil quality in a Mediterranean area of Southern Italy as related to different land use types. Applied Soil Ecology, 44(3), 205-212.
  • Masto RE, Chhonkar PK, Singh D, Patra AK (2007) Soil Quality response to long-term nutrient and crop management on a semiarid Inceptisol. Agric Ecosyst Environ 118(1– 4):130–142
  • Moreno, J.L., Bastida, F., Herna´ndez, T., Garcı´a, C., 2008. Relationship between the agricultural management of a semi-arid soil and microbiological quality. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analalysis 39, 421– 439.
  • Nannipieri P, Greco S, Ceccanti B (1990) Ecological significance of the biological activities in soil. In: Bollog JM, Stotzky G (eds) Soil biochemistry, vol 6. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp 293–355
  • Paz‐Ferreiro, J., & Fu, S. (2016). Biological indices for soil quality evaluation: perspectives and limitations. Land Degradation & Development, 27(1), 14-25.
  • Pell, M., Stenstróm, J. O. H. N., & Granhall, U. (2005). 7.2 Soil Respiration. Bloem, J; DW Hopkins & A Benedetti, 117-126.
  • Rolda´n, A., Salinas-Garci´a, J.R., Alguacil, M.M., Caravaca, F., 2005. Changes in soil enzyme activity, fertility, aggregation and C sequestration mediated by conservation tillage practices and water regime in a maize field. Applied Soil Ecology 30, 11–20.
  • Souza Andrade, D., Colozzi-Filho, A., Giller, K.E., 2003. The soil microbial community and soil tillage. In: El Titi, A. (Ed.), Soil Tillage in Agroecosystems. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, pp. 51–81.
  • Swanepoel, P. A., Habig, J., Du Preez, C. C., Botha, P. R., & Snyman, H. A. (2014). Biological quality of a podzolic soil after 19 years of irrigated minimum-till kikuyu– ryegrass pasture. Soil Research, 52(1), 64-75.
  • Tesfahunegn, G. B., Tamene, L., Vlek, P. L., & Mekonnen, K. (2016). Assessing Farmers' Knowledge of Weed Species, Crop Type and Soil Management Practices in Relation to Soil Quality Status in Mai‐Negus Catchment, Northern Ethiopia. Land degradation & development, 27(2), 120-133.
  • Trasar-Cepeda, C., Leirós, C., Gil-Sotres, F., Seoane, S., 1998. Towards a biochemical quality index for soils: an expression relating several biological and biochemical properties. Biol. Fertil. Soils 26, 100–106.
  • USDA-NRCS, 2014. Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen (PMN). Soil Qulity Indicators. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detailfull/soils/health/assessment/?cid=stelpr db1237387 Erişim tarihi 13 Aralık 2019.
  • van Leeuwen, J., Creamer, R., Cluzeau, D., Debeljak, M., Gatti, F., Henriksen, C., ... & Saby, N. (2019). Modeling of soil functions for assessing soil quality: soil biodiversity and habitat provisioning. Frontiers in Environmental Science, Frontiers, 2019, 7, pp.113.
  • Veum, K. S., Goyne, K. W., Kremer, R. J., Miles, R. J., & Sudduth, K. A. (2014). Biological indicators of soil quality and soil organic matter characteristics in an agricultural management continuum. Biogeochemistry, 117(1), 81-99.
  • Vincent, Q., Chartin, C., Krüger, I., Van Wesemael, B., & Carnol, M. (2019). CARBIOSOL: Biological indicators of soil quality and organic carbon in grasslands and croplands in Wallonia, Belgium. Ecology, 2843, 1-13.
  • Wang, Q., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Guan, J., Liu, L., Lv, D.A., 2012. Land use effects on soil quality along a native wetland to cropland chronosequence. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 53, 114– 120.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nurullah Acir This is me

Hikmet Günal This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 1 Issue: 11

Cite

APA Acir, N., & Günal, H. (2019). Tarım Arazilerinin Toprak Kalitesi Değerlendirmelerinde Biyokimyasal Özelliklerinin Kullanımı. Science and Technique in the 21st Century, 1(11), 17-28.