ONTOLOGICAL AND ETHICO-POLITICAL READINGS OF NIETZSCHE: DELEUZE VERSUS HEIDEGGER

Year 2018, Issue: 25, 163 - 180, 01.04.2018

Onur Kartal

Abstract

This article will focus on two different readings of Friedrich W. Nietzsche. The first is the ontological reading of Heidegger, who establishes his discussion on Nietzsche on the issue of forgottenness of being and places him in the tradition of Western metaphysics. With reference to Nietzsche’s concepts, such as eternal return, will to power, and the overman, Heidegger argues that Nietzsche cannot overcome Western metaphysics. This argument poses a problem in two respects. First, the entire discussion on Nietzschean philosophy becomes stuck on the question of whether he overcomes metaphysics. By extension, the second problem occurs as the discussion moves to the field of ontology and the ethico-political possibilities, which Nietzsche’s work may offer, go unnoticed. In this regard, Deleuze’s reading of Nietzsche becomes more of an issue in the sense that it designates the uniqueness of Nietzschean philosophy by drawing upon its ethico-political basis and conducts an analysis that brings the crucial ethico-political dimension of his philosophy to light. Thus, the main aim of this article is to reveal how Nietzschean philosophy, which became barren due to Heidegger’s reading, has provided us with new opportunities by virtue of Deleuze.

Keywords

Forgottenness of being, will to power, eternal return of the same, difference, affirmation, multiplicity

NIETZSCHE’NİN ONTOLOJİK VE ETİK-POLİTİK OKUMALARI: HEIDEGGER’E KARŞI DELEUZE

Abstract

Bu makalede Friedrich W. Nietzsche’nin iki farklı okumasına odaklanılacaktır. Bunlardan ilki, Nietzsche üzerine tartışmasını varlığın unutulmuşluğu bağlamına oturtan ve onu Batı metafiziği geleneğinde konumlandıran Heidegger’in ontolojik okumasıdır. Heidegger, Nietzsche’nin, ebedi dönüş, güç istemi ve üst insan gibi kavramlarına gönderme yaparak onun Batı metafiziğini aşamadığını iddia eder. Bu argüman iki bakımdan sorunlu görünmektedir. İlk olarak Nietzsche felsefesi üzerine bütün tartışma, Nietzsche’nin metafiziği aşıp aşamadığı sorununa indirgenmiş hale gelmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak ikinci sorun Nietzsche’yle ilgili tartışmanın ontoloji alanına kaymış olması ve onun eserinin sunabileceği etik-politik olanakların göz ardı edilmesidir. Bu bakımdan Deleuze’ün Nietzsche okuması, Nietzsche felsefesinin özgünlüğünü, onun etik-politik zeminine başvurarak ve felsefesinin etik-politik boyutunu gün yüzüne çıkaran bir çözümlemeye girişerek göstermesi bakımından önem kazanır. Dolayısıyla bu makalenin temel amacı Heidegger’in okumasıyla kısırlaşan Nietzsche felsefesinin Deleuze aracılığıyla nasıl yeni olanaklar sunduğunu ortaya koymaktır

Keywords

Varlığın unutulmuşluğu, güç istemi, aynı olanın ebedi dönüşü, fark, olumlama, çokluk.

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