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LEO STRAUSS, TİRANLIK VE HIERO’NUN PLATONCU OKUMASI

Year 2021, Issue: 32, 1 - 20, 09.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.948725

Abstract

Ksenophon’un Hiero adlı eseri, Hiero adlı bir tiran ile Simonides isimli şair arasındaki sohbeti konu alır. Hiero, Simonides’e, sıradan insanlar gibi mutlu olamadığından yakınır. Simonides ise Hiero’nun mutlu olabileceğini, bunun için gerekli olan şeyin halkın mutluluğunu sağlamak olduğunu söyler. Leo Strauss, bu sohbette tiranlığa dair pek çok önemli unsuru görebileceğimizi söyler. Öncelikle tiran, halkın esenliği için kaygı duyabilecek bir monark değildir. Ayrıca tiranın mutsuzluğunun asıl sebebi, ortak iyinin ve onun nasıl gerçekleştirilebilir olduğuna ilişkin bilgi sahibi olmamasıdır. Tiran, kendi kanılarının yönlendirmesi altında herkesten şüphe duyan birisidir ve bu açıdan tiran, kimseyle dostluk ilişkisi geliştiremez. Strauss, tiranın mutsuzluğunu, ezoterik bir düzeyde okumaya çalışır. Bu ezoterik okuma, Platon’un politika felsefesinde belirlenmiş hususlarla aydınlatılmaya çalışılır. Bu makale, Strauss’un, Platon okuması üzerinden Hiero metnine nasıl yaklaştığını tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Adler, E. (1995). “Translator’s Introduction: The Argument of Philosophy and Law”, Leo Strauss, Philosophy and Law: Contributions to the Understanding of Maimonides and His Predecessors, New York: State University of New York Press, ss. 1-21
  • Bentley, R. (2005). “On Plato’s Phaedrus: Politics Beyond The City Walls”, Polis, vol. 22 (2), ss. 230-248
  • Buzzetti, E. (2015). “A Guide to the Study of Leo Strauss’ On Tyranny”, T. W. Burns (der), Brill’s Companion to Leo Strauss’ Writings on Classical Political Thought, Leiden: Brill, 2015, ss. 227-258
  • Grant, G. P. (1964). “Tyranny And Wisdom: A Comment on the Controversy Between Leo Strauss And Alexandre Kojeve”, Social Research, Vol. 31 (1), ss. 45-72
  • Koivukoski, T. (2005). “The Education of Tyrant”, T. Koivukoski ve D. Tabachnick (der), Confronting Tyranny: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, ss. 197-213
  • Kojeve, A. (2013). “Tyranny and Wisdom”, V. Gourevitch & M. S. Roth, On Tyranny, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
  • Kowerski, L. M. (2012). Simonides On The Persian Wars: A Study of the Elegiac Verses of the "New Simonides", New York: Routledge
  • Lampert, L. (2009) “Strauss’s Recovery of Esotericism”, S. B. Smith (der), The Cambridge Companion to Leo Strauss, New York: Cambridge University Press, ss. 63-93
  • Lilla, M. (2005). “The New Age of Tyranny”, T. Koivukoski ve D. Tabachnick (der), Confronting Tyranny: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, ss. 243-251
  • Morgan, K. A. (2003). “Introduction”, K. A. Morgan (der), Popular Tyranny: Sovereignty And Its Discontents in Ancient Greece, Austin: University of Texas Press, ss. ix-1
  • Newell, R. W. (2005). “Is There an Ontology of Tyranny”, T. Koivukoski ve D. Tabachnick (der), Confronting Tyranny: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, ss. 141-161
  • Platon. (2012). Devlet, çev. S. Eyüboğlu ve M. A. Cimcoz, İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
  • Platon. (2013). Gorgias, çev. M. Rifat ve S. Rifat, İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
  • Platon. (2018). Sokrates’in Savunması, çev. A. Çokona, İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür
  • Platon. (2019). Phaidros, çev. A. Çokona, İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
  • Smith, S. B. (2006). Reading Leo Strauss: Politics, Philosophy, Judaism, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
  • Stern, P. (1993). Socratic Rationalism and Political Philosophy: An Interpretation of Plato's Phaedo, Albany: State University of New York Press
  • Strauss, L. (1978). Thoughts on Machiavelli, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
  • Strauss, L. (1980). Persecution And the Art of Writing, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
  • Strauss, L. (1989). “The Problem of Socrates”, Interpretation, vol. 22 (3), ss. 230-248
  • Strauss, L. (2011). Doğal Hak ve Tarih, çev. M. Erşen ve P. Onur, İstanbul: Say
  • Strauss, L. (2013). “On Tyranny”, V. Gourevitch & M. S. Roth, On Tyranny, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
  • Strauss, L. (2017). Politika Felsefesi Nedir?, çev. S. Zelyüt, İstanbul: Öteki
  • Strauss, L. (2018). Savunma: Platon’un Politik Felsefesi Cilt 1, çev. Ö. Orhan, İstanbul: Pinhan
  • Strauss, L. (2019). Devlet: Platon’un Politik Felsefesi, çev. Ö. Orhan, İstanbul: Pinhan
  • Villa, D. R. (1998). “The Philosopher versus the Citizen: Arendt, Strauss, and Socrates”, Political Theory, 1998, Vol. 26 (2), 1998, s. 148, ss. 147-172
  • Wallach, J. R. (2001). Platonic Political Art: A Study of Critical Reason and Democracy, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press
  • Xenophon. (2001). The Education of Cyrus, çev. W. Ambler, Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press
  • Xenophon. (2013). “Hiero or Tyrannicus”, çev. M. Kendrick, V. Gourevitch & M. S. Roth, Leo Strauss: On Tyranny, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press

LEO STRAUSS, TYRANNY AND PLATONIC READING OF HIERO

Year 2021, Issue: 32, 1 - 20, 09.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.948725

Abstract

Xenophon’s Hiero is about a conversation between a tyrant whose name is Hiero and a poet whose names is Simonides. Hiero complains to Simonides that he is not happy like ordinary people. However, Simonides tells Hiero that he could be happy like ordinary people and this would be possible if he could serve for the happiness of the people. Leo Strauss argues that we could see many important things about tyranny in this conversation. Firstly, the tyrant is not a monarch who could worry about the common good. Besides, the very reason of unhappiness of the tyrant is because he does not have the knowledge of common good and how it could be realized. The tyrant is someone who doubts everyone under the direction of his own opinions, and, for this reason, he cannot make friends with anyone. Strauss tries to comprehend the unhappiness of the tyrant under an esoteric reading. This esoteric reading is tried to be enlightened by the matters that are marked in Platonic political philosophy. This article aims to discuss how Strauss approaches Hiero through his Platonic reading.

References

  • Adler, E. (1995). “Translator’s Introduction: The Argument of Philosophy and Law”, Leo Strauss, Philosophy and Law: Contributions to the Understanding of Maimonides and His Predecessors, New York: State University of New York Press, ss. 1-21
  • Bentley, R. (2005). “On Plato’s Phaedrus: Politics Beyond The City Walls”, Polis, vol. 22 (2), ss. 230-248
  • Buzzetti, E. (2015). “A Guide to the Study of Leo Strauss’ On Tyranny”, T. W. Burns (der), Brill’s Companion to Leo Strauss’ Writings on Classical Political Thought, Leiden: Brill, 2015, ss. 227-258
  • Grant, G. P. (1964). “Tyranny And Wisdom: A Comment on the Controversy Between Leo Strauss And Alexandre Kojeve”, Social Research, Vol. 31 (1), ss. 45-72
  • Koivukoski, T. (2005). “The Education of Tyrant”, T. Koivukoski ve D. Tabachnick (der), Confronting Tyranny: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, ss. 197-213
  • Kojeve, A. (2013). “Tyranny and Wisdom”, V. Gourevitch & M. S. Roth, On Tyranny, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
  • Kowerski, L. M. (2012). Simonides On The Persian Wars: A Study of the Elegiac Verses of the "New Simonides", New York: Routledge
  • Lampert, L. (2009) “Strauss’s Recovery of Esotericism”, S. B. Smith (der), The Cambridge Companion to Leo Strauss, New York: Cambridge University Press, ss. 63-93
  • Lilla, M. (2005). “The New Age of Tyranny”, T. Koivukoski ve D. Tabachnick (der), Confronting Tyranny: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, ss. 243-251
  • Morgan, K. A. (2003). “Introduction”, K. A. Morgan (der), Popular Tyranny: Sovereignty And Its Discontents in Ancient Greece, Austin: University of Texas Press, ss. ix-1
  • Newell, R. W. (2005). “Is There an Ontology of Tyranny”, T. Koivukoski ve D. Tabachnick (der), Confronting Tyranny: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, ss. 141-161
  • Platon. (2012). Devlet, çev. S. Eyüboğlu ve M. A. Cimcoz, İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
  • Platon. (2013). Gorgias, çev. M. Rifat ve S. Rifat, İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
  • Platon. (2018). Sokrates’in Savunması, çev. A. Çokona, İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür
  • Platon. (2019). Phaidros, çev. A. Çokona, İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
  • Smith, S. B. (2006). Reading Leo Strauss: Politics, Philosophy, Judaism, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
  • Stern, P. (1993). Socratic Rationalism and Political Philosophy: An Interpretation of Plato's Phaedo, Albany: State University of New York Press
  • Strauss, L. (1978). Thoughts on Machiavelli, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
  • Strauss, L. (1980). Persecution And the Art of Writing, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
  • Strauss, L. (1989). “The Problem of Socrates”, Interpretation, vol. 22 (3), ss. 230-248
  • Strauss, L. (2011). Doğal Hak ve Tarih, çev. M. Erşen ve P. Onur, İstanbul: Say
  • Strauss, L. (2013). “On Tyranny”, V. Gourevitch & M. S. Roth, On Tyranny, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
  • Strauss, L. (2017). Politika Felsefesi Nedir?, çev. S. Zelyüt, İstanbul: Öteki
  • Strauss, L. (2018). Savunma: Platon’un Politik Felsefesi Cilt 1, çev. Ö. Orhan, İstanbul: Pinhan
  • Strauss, L. (2019). Devlet: Platon’un Politik Felsefesi, çev. Ö. Orhan, İstanbul: Pinhan
  • Villa, D. R. (1998). “The Philosopher versus the Citizen: Arendt, Strauss, and Socrates”, Political Theory, 1998, Vol. 26 (2), 1998, s. 148, ss. 147-172
  • Wallach, J. R. (2001). Platonic Political Art: A Study of Critical Reason and Democracy, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press
  • Xenophon. (2001). The Education of Cyrus, çev. W. Ambler, Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press
  • Xenophon. (2013). “Hiero or Tyrannicus”, çev. M. Kendrick, V. Gourevitch & M. S. Roth, Leo Strauss: On Tyranny, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Efe Baştürk

Publication Date December 9, 2021
Submission Date June 6, 2021
Acceptance Date November 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 32

Cite

Chicago Baştürk, Efe. “LEO STRAUSS, TİRANLIK VE HIERO’NUN PLATONCU OKUMASI”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 32 (December 2021): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.948725.

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