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D.H. LAWRENCE’IN ÖLEN ADAM ADLI ESERİNDE YERLEŞİK DİNİ DEĞERLERİN NIETZSCHE ÜZERİNDEN YENİDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2021, Issue: 32, 291 - 306, 09.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.988046

Abstract

Yirminci yüzyılın en etkileyici İngiliz yazarlarından biri olan David Herbert Lawrence Ölen Adam isimli kısa romanında İncil’e göndermeler yapar. Lawrence temel Hristiyanlık öğretilerinin sert bir şekilde eleştirisini yaparken ve Hristiyanların yerleşik doğrularına şüpheci bir tavırla yaklaşırken, Alman filozof ve kültür eleştirmeni Friedrich Nietzsche’nin düşünce sistemine yaklaşır. Bir diğer deyişle, Lawrence’ın kısa romanının, Nietzsche’nin teorileriyle ilişkilendirilmesini sağlayan temel bağ, her ikisinin de dine karşı görüşlerinin karşılaştırılabilir olmasına dayanmaktadır. Her iki yazar da özellikle İsa Mesih’in öğretilerini ve çilelerini tekrar yorumlayarak, Hristiyanlığa karşı, kendi dönemlerinde geleneksel olmayan bakış açıları geliştirmişlerdir. Lawrence, antik Mısır mitlerine kadar giderek kötülüğün kökenine kadar inmeyi hedeflemiş; bu sayede, ahlaki konuları analiz etmemize ve kimi insanların ya da tanrıların neden diğerlerine acı çektirme arzusu duyduklarını keşfetmemize olanak sağlamıştır. Lawrence’ın kısa romanında geçen ahlak ile ilintili olaylar, Nietzsche’nin kimi nosyonları vasıtasıyla irdelenebilir; örneğin, “deve”, “aslan” ve “çocuk” kavramları ile sembolize edilen üçlü ruhsal evre, “çilecilik” , “efendi- köle ahlakı”, “hınç”, “yaşam ve ölüm” ve “intikam”. Nietzsche eleştirilerini direkt olarak Yahudilik ve Hristiyanlığa yöneltse dahi, kendisine ait kavramların, Lawrence’ın da eserinde incelediği üzere, eski Mısır dinlerine bile uyarlanması mümkündür.

References

  • Belliotti, Raymond Angelo. Nietzsche’s Will to Power: Eagles, Lions, and Serpents. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017.
  • Finbow, Steve. Notes from the Sick Room. London: Repeater Books, 2017.
  • Holland, Glenn S. Gods in the Desert: Religions of the Ancient Near East. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009.
  • Lawrence, David H. The Man Who Died, 2014. Last Update: June 20,2020. Retrieved from: http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks07/0700631h.html
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. On the Genealogy of Morality, Ed. Keith Ansell-Pearson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Human, All Too Human, Translated By R. J. Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future. New Yok: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Ed. Bill Chapko, 2010. Last Update: June 20, 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.feedbooks.com/book/172/thus-spake-zarathustra
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Antichrist, translated and introduced by H. L. Mencken. California: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.
  • Redford, Donald B. The Oxford Essential Guide to Egyptian Mythology. New York city: Berkley Publishing, 2003.

NIETZSCHEAN TRANSVALUATION OF ESTABLISHED RELIGIOUS VALUES IN D.H. LAWRENCE’S THE MAN WHO DIED

Year 2021, Issue: 32, 291 - 306, 09.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.988046

Abstract

One of the most influential English writers of twentieth century David Herbert Lawrence makes biblical allusions in his novella titled The Man Who Died. Lawrence casts aspersions on the doctrines of Christianity and raises doubts about Christians’ established truths in the same way that German philospher and cultural critic Nietzsche does. That is to say, the main generic affinity which links Lawrence’s novella to Nietzsche’s theoretical postulations is their comparable outlook on religion. Both of these writers take an unconventional approach to Christianity by means of especially reevaluating Jesus Christ’s teachings and sufferings. Furthermore, Lawrence goes as far as ancient Egyptian myths to dig deep into the roots of evil and enables us to analyse moral issues and makes us discover some of the reasons why immoral people or gods cause others to suffer. The events relating to morality in Lawrence’s novel can be elucidated through Nietzschean notions, such as three spiritual phases symbolized by “the camel”, “the lion”, and “the child”, “asceticism”, “master vs slave morality”, “ ressentiment”, “life and death” and “revenge”. In spite of the fact that Nietzsche directs his criticisms particulary to Judaism and Christianity, Nietzschean notions can also be applied to religions like ancient Egyptian ones, which are explored by Lawrence in his novella.

References

  • Belliotti, Raymond Angelo. Nietzsche’s Will to Power: Eagles, Lions, and Serpents. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017.
  • Finbow, Steve. Notes from the Sick Room. London: Repeater Books, 2017.
  • Holland, Glenn S. Gods in the Desert: Religions of the Ancient Near East. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009.
  • Lawrence, David H. The Man Who Died, 2014. Last Update: June 20,2020. Retrieved from: http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks07/0700631h.html
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. On the Genealogy of Morality, Ed. Keith Ansell-Pearson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Human, All Too Human, Translated By R. J. Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future. New Yok: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Ed. Bill Chapko, 2010. Last Update: June 20, 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.feedbooks.com/book/172/thus-spake-zarathustra
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Antichrist, translated and introduced by H. L. Mencken. California: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.
  • Redford, Donald B. The Oxford Essential Guide to Egyptian Mythology. New York city: Berkley Publishing, 2003.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yeşim Carban 0000-0002-8452-5247

Publication Date December 9, 2021
Submission Date August 28, 2021
Acceptance Date November 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 32

Cite

Chicago Carban, Yeşim. “NIETZSCHEAN TRANSVALUATION OF ESTABLISHED RELIGIOUS VALUES IN D.H. LAWRENCE’S THE MAN WHO DIED”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 32 (December 2021): 291-306. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.988046.

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