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Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 1 - 14, 31.05.2018
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2018.02.001

Abstract

References

  • Audresch, D.B., Carree, M.A., van Stel, A.J., & Thurik, A.R. (2005), “Does Self-employment Reduce Unemployment?”. Scales Paper, 1-16Audretsch, D. B. and Fritsch, M. (1994), “The Geopraphy of Firm Births in Germany”. Regional Studies, 28, 359-365.Audretsch, D. B., Carree M.A. and A.R. Thurik, A.R. (2001), “Does entrepreneurship reduce unemployment?”. Tinbergen Institute discussion paper, TI01-074/3.Audretsch, D.B., Carree, M.A., Stel, A.J. and Thurik, A.R. (2005), “Does Self-employment Reduce Unemployment?. Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy, #07/2005, Germany: Max Planck Institute of Economics.Blanchflower, D. and Meyer, B. (1994). “A Longitudinal Analysis of Young Entrepreneurs in Australia and The United States”. Small Business Economics, 6(1), 1-20.Blau, D. M. (1987), “A Time series analysis of self employment in the United States”. Journal of Political Economy, 95(3), 445-467. Carree, M. (2002), “Does unemployment affect the number of establishments? A regional analysis for U.S.”. Regional Studies, 36, 389-398.Evans, D. and Leighton, L. (1990), “Small Business Formation By Unemployed and Employed Workers”. Small Business Economics, 2, 319-330.Evans, D. S. and Jovanovic, B. (1989), “Estimates of a Model of Entrepreneurial Choice Under Liquidity Constraints”. Journal of Political Economy, 97(3), 657-674.Garofoli, G. (1994), “New Firm Formation and Regional Development: The Italian Case”. Regional Studies, 28, 381-393. Halıcıoğlu, F. and Yolaç, S. (2015), “Testing the Impact of Unemployment on Self-Employment: Evidence from OECD Countries”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 10-17.Herbert, R. F. and Link, A. N. (1989), “In Search of the Meaning of Entrepreneurship”. Small Business Economics, 1, 39-49.Hurst, E. and Lusardi, A. (2004), “Liqudity Constraints, Household Wealth and Entrepreneurship”. Journal of Political Economy, 112 (2), 319-347.Johansson, E. (2000), “Self-employment and Liquidity Constraints: Evidence from Finland”. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 102, 123-134.Koellinger, P. D. and Thurik, R. (2012), “Entrepreneurship and The Business Cycle”. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(4), 1143–1156.Kum, H. and Karacaoğlu, K. (2012), “Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Unemployment in Turkey: A Dynamic Analysis”. Actual Problems of Economics, 12(138), 399-405.Narayan, P.K. (2005), “The Saving and Investment nexus for China: Evidence from Cointegration Tests”. Applied Economics, 37, 1979-1990.Özerkek, Y. and Doğruel, F. (2015), “Self-Employment and Unemployment in Turkey”. 35th Annual Meeting of the MEEA, Allied Social Science Associations, 3-6 January, Boston.Pesaran M.H., and Pesaran, B. (1997), Working with Microfit 4.0: Interactive Econometric Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001), “Bounds Testing Approaches To The Analysis Of Level Relationships”. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.Pesaran, M.H. and Shin, Y. (1999), An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis. In Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Strom, S. (ed.) Cambridge University Press.Phillips, P. C. B. and Peron, P. (1988), “Testing for a unit root in time series regression”. Biometrika, 75(2), 336-346.Prachowny, M.F.J. (1993), “Okun's Law: Theoretical foundations and revised estimates”. Review of Economics and Statistics, 75, 331-336.Wennekers, S. and Thurik, R. (1999), “Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth”. Small Business Economics, 13, 27-55.Wong, P. K., Ho, Y. P. and Autio, E. (2005), “Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth”. Small Business Economics, 24, 335-350.

The Relations Between Unemployment and Entrepreneurship in Turkey: Schumpeter or Refugee Effect?

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 1 - 14, 31.05.2018
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2018.02.001

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relations between unemployment and entrepreneurship in Turkey. Thus, it is empirically investigated whether the effects of Schumpeter and Refugee are valid or not. In the study, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag – ARDL method was adopted and Turkey’s 2000-2016 period data were used. The results of estimation show that there is an inverse relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment. Accordingly, when the rate of entrepreneurship increases, unemployment decreases or vice versa. Causality is from entrepreneurship to unemployment. In other words, the while the Schumpeter effect is valid, it is concluded that the Refugee effect is invalid.

References

  • Audresch, D.B., Carree, M.A., van Stel, A.J., & Thurik, A.R. (2005), “Does Self-employment Reduce Unemployment?”. Scales Paper, 1-16Audretsch, D. B. and Fritsch, M. (1994), “The Geopraphy of Firm Births in Germany”. Regional Studies, 28, 359-365.Audretsch, D. B., Carree M.A. and A.R. Thurik, A.R. (2001), “Does entrepreneurship reduce unemployment?”. Tinbergen Institute discussion paper, TI01-074/3.Audretsch, D.B., Carree, M.A., Stel, A.J. and Thurik, A.R. (2005), “Does Self-employment Reduce Unemployment?. Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy, #07/2005, Germany: Max Planck Institute of Economics.Blanchflower, D. and Meyer, B. (1994). “A Longitudinal Analysis of Young Entrepreneurs in Australia and The United States”. Small Business Economics, 6(1), 1-20.Blau, D. M. (1987), “A Time series analysis of self employment in the United States”. Journal of Political Economy, 95(3), 445-467. Carree, M. (2002), “Does unemployment affect the number of establishments? A regional analysis for U.S.”. Regional Studies, 36, 389-398.Evans, D. and Leighton, L. (1990), “Small Business Formation By Unemployed and Employed Workers”. Small Business Economics, 2, 319-330.Evans, D. S. and Jovanovic, B. (1989), “Estimates of a Model of Entrepreneurial Choice Under Liquidity Constraints”. Journal of Political Economy, 97(3), 657-674.Garofoli, G. (1994), “New Firm Formation and Regional Development: The Italian Case”. Regional Studies, 28, 381-393. Halıcıoğlu, F. and Yolaç, S. (2015), “Testing the Impact of Unemployment on Self-Employment: Evidence from OECD Countries”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 10-17.Herbert, R. F. and Link, A. N. (1989), “In Search of the Meaning of Entrepreneurship”. Small Business Economics, 1, 39-49.Hurst, E. and Lusardi, A. (2004), “Liqudity Constraints, Household Wealth and Entrepreneurship”. Journal of Political Economy, 112 (2), 319-347.Johansson, E. (2000), “Self-employment and Liquidity Constraints: Evidence from Finland”. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 102, 123-134.Koellinger, P. D. and Thurik, R. (2012), “Entrepreneurship and The Business Cycle”. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(4), 1143–1156.Kum, H. and Karacaoğlu, K. (2012), “Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Unemployment in Turkey: A Dynamic Analysis”. Actual Problems of Economics, 12(138), 399-405.Narayan, P.K. (2005), “The Saving and Investment nexus for China: Evidence from Cointegration Tests”. Applied Economics, 37, 1979-1990.Özerkek, Y. and Doğruel, F. (2015), “Self-Employment and Unemployment in Turkey”. 35th Annual Meeting of the MEEA, Allied Social Science Associations, 3-6 January, Boston.Pesaran M.H., and Pesaran, B. (1997), Working with Microfit 4.0: Interactive Econometric Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001), “Bounds Testing Approaches To The Analysis Of Level Relationships”. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.Pesaran, M.H. and Shin, Y. (1999), An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis. In Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Strom, S. (ed.) Cambridge University Press.Phillips, P. C. B. and Peron, P. (1988), “Testing for a unit root in time series regression”. Biometrika, 75(2), 336-346.Prachowny, M.F.J. (1993), “Okun's Law: Theoretical foundations and revised estimates”. Review of Economics and Statistics, 75, 331-336.Wennekers, S. and Thurik, R. (1999), “Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth”. Small Business Economics, 13, 27-55.Wong, P. K., Ho, Y. P. and Autio, E. (2005), “Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth”. Small Business Economics, 24, 335-350.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şükrü Apaydın 0000-0003-4640-8135

Publication Date May 31, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Apaydın, Ş. (2018). The Relations Between Unemployment and Entrepreneurship in Turkey: Schumpeter or Refugee Effect?. Fiscaoeconomia, 2(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2018.02.001

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