Research Article
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Barriers to Getting Psychological Assistance for Syrians Under Temporary Protection

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 99 - 128, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Wars and internal turmoil are phenomena that deeply affect the mental health of individuals and contain many traumatic experiences. Due to the war in Syria, Syrians have replaced Afghans, which have been the world's largest asylum seeker group for more than 30 years. Many Syrians have been adversely affected by this war and civil unrest. Even, they severely exposed to the traumatic situations brought by war and migration. Considering these traumatic situations experienced by Syrians, the necessity of psychological assistance services shows itself. However, when the literature is examined, it is seen that asylum seekers cannot access psychological assistance services. In this context, this study aims to explore the barriers that prevent Syrians under temporary protection from receiving psychological help. For the purpose of the study, qualitative research methods were used and interviews were conducted with 19 Syrian of under temporary protection. Obstacles in front of Syrians under temporary protection getting psychological help within the scope of the data obtained; levels of knowledge, coping methods, social networking, language and culture, and self-disclosure expectations. It is thought that this study will contribute to the relevant literature in expressing the obstacles in front of Syrians under temporary protection getting psychological help.

References

  • Ai, A. L., Peterson, C., & Ubelhor, D. (2002). War-related trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among adult Kosovar refugees. Journal of traumatic stress, 15(2), 157-160.
  • Altınışık, M. S. (2019). Suriyeli sığınmacıların maruz kaldıkları stresli yaşam olayları ve algıladıkları sosyal desteğin psikolojik yardım almaya yönelik tutumlarına etkisi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Erişim adresi, Yöktez & Türkiye. (AAT 581151)
  • Anstiss, H., & Ziaian, T. (2010). Mental health help‐seeking and refugee adolescents: Qualitative findings from a mixed‐methods investigation. Australian Psychologist, 45(1), 29-37.
  • Beltran, R. O., Llewellyn, G. M., & Silove, D. (2008). Clinicians' understanding of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision diagnostic criteria: F62. 0 enduring personality change after catastrophic experience. Comprehensive psychiatry, 49(6), 593-602.
  • Colucci, E., Minas, H., Szwarc, J., Guerra, C., & Paxton, G. (2015). In or out? Barriers and facilitators to refugee-background young people accessing mental health services. Transcultural psychiatry, 52(6), 766-790.
  • Davis, D. D., & Orendovici, T. (2006). Incidence of ozone symptoms on vegetation within a National Wildlife Refuge in New Jersey, USA. Environmental Pollution, 143(3), 555-564.
  • Dardas, L. A., & Simmons, L. A. (2015). The stigma of mental illness in A rab families: a concept analysis. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 22(9), 668-679.
  • Deane, F. P., & Chamberlain, K. (1994). Treatment fearfulness and distress as predictors of professional psychological help-seeking. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 22(2), 207-217.
  • Fischer, E. H., & Cohen, S. L. (1972). Demographic correlates of attitude toward seeking professional psychological help. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 39(1), 70.
  • Giacco, D., Laxhman, N., & Priebe, S. (2018). Prevalence of and risk factors for mental disorders in refugees. In Seminars in cell & developmental biology (Vol. 77, pp. 144-152). Academic Press.
  • Kaptanoğlu, C. (2003). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğunda tanı ve klinik özellikler. T. Aker, ME Önder (editörler). Psikolojik Travma ve Sonuçları (ss: 79-89). İçinde. İstanbul: Epsilon.
  • Kiselev, N., Pfaltz, M., Haas, F., Schick, M., Kappen, M., Sijbrandij, M., ... & Morina, N. (2020). Structural and socio-cultural barriers to accessing mental healthcare among Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Switzerland. European journal of psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1717825.
  • Komiya, N., Good, G. E., & Sherrod, N. B. (2000). Emotional openness as a predictor of college students' attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Journal of counseling psychology, 47(1), 138.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
  • Messer, S. B., & Wampold, B. E. (2002). Let's face facts: Common factors are more potent than specific therapy ingredients. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 9(1), 21-25.
  • Neuman L. W. (2012). Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri Nitel ve Nicel Yaklaşımlar 1-2, Yayın Odası Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Özbay, Y. (1996). Üniversite öğrencilerinin problem alanları ile yardım arama tutumları arasındaki ilişki. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde metodembilim sorunsali üzerine bir çalişma. Eskişehir Osmangazi üniversitesi sosyal bilimler dergisi, 11 (1), 323-343.
  • Sewilam, A. M., Watson, A. M., Kassem, A. M., Clifton, S., McDonald, M. C., Lipski, R., ... & Nimgaonkar, V. L. (2015). Suggested avenues to reduce the stigma of mental illness in the Middle East. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 61(2), 111-120.
  • Shannon, P. J., Wieling, E., Simmelink-McCleary, J., & Becher, E. (2015). Beyond stigma: Barriers to discussing mental health in refugee populations. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 20(3), 281-296.
  • Steel, Z., Silove, D., Phan, T., & Bauman, A. (2002). Long-term effect of psychological trauma on the mental health of Vietnamese refugees resettled in Australia: a population-based study. The Lancet, 360(9339), 1056-1062.
  • Sue, D. W. (1994). Asian-American mental health and help-seeking behavior: Comment on Solberg et al.(1994), Tata and Leong (1994), and Lin (1994).
  • Salcioglu, E., Basoglu, M., & Livanou, M. (2003). Long-term psychological outcome for non-treatment-seeking earthquake survivors in Turkey. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 191(3), 154-160.
  • Tata, S. P., & Leong, F. T. (1994). Individualism-collectivism, social-network orientation, and acculturation as predictors of attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Chinese Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41(3), 280.
  • Tinsley, H. E., Brown, M. T., de St Aubin, T. M., & Lucek, J. (1984). Relationship between expectancies for a helping relationship and tendency to seek help from a campus help provider. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(2), 149.
  • Vogel, D. L., Gentile, D. A., & Kaplan, S. A. (2008). The influence of television on willingness to seek therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(3), 276-295.
  • Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Haake, S. (2006). Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help. Journal of counseling psychology, 53(3), 325.
  • Vogel, DL & Wester, SR (2003). Yardım istemek veya yardım istememek: Kendini ifşa etmenin riskleri. Danışma psikolojisi dergisi, 50 (3), 351.
  • Yıldırım, Ali & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi
  • Youssef, I., Okasha, T., Hussein, H., & El Shafei, A. (2005). Assessment of the causal belief of the worker of Suez Canal university Hospital and Faculty of Medicine In Ismailia about Schizophrenia. Egypt. J. Psychiat, 24(2), 19-27.
  • Zolezzi, M., Alamri, M., Shaar, S., & Rainkie, D. (2018). Stigma associated with mental illness and its treatment in the Arab culture: a systematic review. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(6), 597-609.

Geçici Koruma Altındaki Suriyelilerde Psikolojik Yardım Almanın Önündeki Engeller

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 99 - 128, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Savaşlar ve iç karışıklar bireylerin ruh sağlıklarını derinden etkileyen ve içerisinde pek çok travmatik deneyimleri barındıran olgulardır. Suriye’de yaşanan savaş nedeniyle 30 yılı aşkın süredir dünyanın en büyük sığınmacı grubu olan Afgan sığınmacıların yerini Suriyeli sığınmacılar almıştır. Pek çok Suriyeli sığınmacı meydana gelen bu savaş ve iç karışıklıktan olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Hatta savaş ve göçün getirdiği travmatik durumlara şiddetli bir şekilde maruz kaldığı düşünülmektedir. Suriyeli sığınmacıların deneyimledikleri bu travmatik durumlar göz önüne alındığında psikolojik yardım hizmetlerinin gerekliliği kendisini göstermektedir. Ancak literatür incelendiğinde Sığınmacı bireylerin psikolojik yardım hizmetlerine ulaşamadıkları görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, Suriyeli sığınmacıların psikolojik yardım almalarının önündeki engellerin keşfedilmesi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmış ve 19 Suriyeli sığınmacı ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler kapsamında Suriyeli sığınmacıların psikolojik yardım almalarının önündeki engeller; bilgi düzeyleri, başa çıkma yöntemleri, sosyal ağ, dil ve kültür ve kendini açma beklentileri temalarında kategorize edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın, Suriyeli sığınmacıların psikolojik yardım almalarının önündeki engellerin ifade edilmesinde, ilgili literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Ai, A. L., Peterson, C., & Ubelhor, D. (2002). War-related trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among adult Kosovar refugees. Journal of traumatic stress, 15(2), 157-160.
  • Altınışık, M. S. (2019). Suriyeli sığınmacıların maruz kaldıkları stresli yaşam olayları ve algıladıkları sosyal desteğin psikolojik yardım almaya yönelik tutumlarına etkisi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Erişim adresi, Yöktez & Türkiye. (AAT 581151)
  • Anstiss, H., & Ziaian, T. (2010). Mental health help‐seeking and refugee adolescents: Qualitative findings from a mixed‐methods investigation. Australian Psychologist, 45(1), 29-37.
  • Beltran, R. O., Llewellyn, G. M., & Silove, D. (2008). Clinicians' understanding of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision diagnostic criteria: F62. 0 enduring personality change after catastrophic experience. Comprehensive psychiatry, 49(6), 593-602.
  • Colucci, E., Minas, H., Szwarc, J., Guerra, C., & Paxton, G. (2015). In or out? Barriers and facilitators to refugee-background young people accessing mental health services. Transcultural psychiatry, 52(6), 766-790.
  • Davis, D. D., & Orendovici, T. (2006). Incidence of ozone symptoms on vegetation within a National Wildlife Refuge in New Jersey, USA. Environmental Pollution, 143(3), 555-564.
  • Dardas, L. A., & Simmons, L. A. (2015). The stigma of mental illness in A rab families: a concept analysis. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 22(9), 668-679.
  • Deane, F. P., & Chamberlain, K. (1994). Treatment fearfulness and distress as predictors of professional psychological help-seeking. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 22(2), 207-217.
  • Fischer, E. H., & Cohen, S. L. (1972). Demographic correlates of attitude toward seeking professional psychological help. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 39(1), 70.
  • Giacco, D., Laxhman, N., & Priebe, S. (2018). Prevalence of and risk factors for mental disorders in refugees. In Seminars in cell & developmental biology (Vol. 77, pp. 144-152). Academic Press.
  • Kaptanoğlu, C. (2003). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğunda tanı ve klinik özellikler. T. Aker, ME Önder (editörler). Psikolojik Travma ve Sonuçları (ss: 79-89). İçinde. İstanbul: Epsilon.
  • Kiselev, N., Pfaltz, M., Haas, F., Schick, M., Kappen, M., Sijbrandij, M., ... & Morina, N. (2020). Structural and socio-cultural barriers to accessing mental healthcare among Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Switzerland. European journal of psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1717825.
  • Komiya, N., Good, G. E., & Sherrod, N. B. (2000). Emotional openness as a predictor of college students' attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Journal of counseling psychology, 47(1), 138.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
  • Messer, S. B., & Wampold, B. E. (2002). Let's face facts: Common factors are more potent than specific therapy ingredients. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 9(1), 21-25.
  • Neuman L. W. (2012). Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri Nitel ve Nicel Yaklaşımlar 1-2, Yayın Odası Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Özbay, Y. (1996). Üniversite öğrencilerinin problem alanları ile yardım arama tutumları arasındaki ilişki. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde metodembilim sorunsali üzerine bir çalişma. Eskişehir Osmangazi üniversitesi sosyal bilimler dergisi, 11 (1), 323-343.
  • Sewilam, A. M., Watson, A. M., Kassem, A. M., Clifton, S., McDonald, M. C., Lipski, R., ... & Nimgaonkar, V. L. (2015). Suggested avenues to reduce the stigma of mental illness in the Middle East. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 61(2), 111-120.
  • Shannon, P. J., Wieling, E., Simmelink-McCleary, J., & Becher, E. (2015). Beyond stigma: Barriers to discussing mental health in refugee populations. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 20(3), 281-296.
  • Steel, Z., Silove, D., Phan, T., & Bauman, A. (2002). Long-term effect of psychological trauma on the mental health of Vietnamese refugees resettled in Australia: a population-based study. The Lancet, 360(9339), 1056-1062.
  • Sue, D. W. (1994). Asian-American mental health and help-seeking behavior: Comment on Solberg et al.(1994), Tata and Leong (1994), and Lin (1994).
  • Salcioglu, E., Basoglu, M., & Livanou, M. (2003). Long-term psychological outcome for non-treatment-seeking earthquake survivors in Turkey. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 191(3), 154-160.
  • Tata, S. P., & Leong, F. T. (1994). Individualism-collectivism, social-network orientation, and acculturation as predictors of attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Chinese Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41(3), 280.
  • Tinsley, H. E., Brown, M. T., de St Aubin, T. M., & Lucek, J. (1984). Relationship between expectancies for a helping relationship and tendency to seek help from a campus help provider. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(2), 149.
  • Vogel, D. L., Gentile, D. A., & Kaplan, S. A. (2008). The influence of television on willingness to seek therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(3), 276-295.
  • Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Haake, S. (2006). Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help. Journal of counseling psychology, 53(3), 325.
  • Vogel, DL & Wester, SR (2003). Yardım istemek veya yardım istememek: Kendini ifşa etmenin riskleri. Danışma psikolojisi dergisi, 50 (3), 351.
  • Yıldırım, Ali & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi
  • Youssef, I., Okasha, T., Hussein, H., & El Shafei, A. (2005). Assessment of the causal belief of the worker of Suez Canal university Hospital and Faculty of Medicine In Ismailia about Schizophrenia. Egypt. J. Psychiat, 24(2), 19-27.
  • Zolezzi, M., Alamri, M., Shaar, S., & Rainkie, D. (2018). Stigma associated with mental illness and its treatment in the Arab culture: a systematic review. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(6), 597-609.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Selim Altınışık 0000-0003-1958-3421

Murat Şahin 0000-0002-9025-1860

Esat Şanlı 0000-0001-8227-8097

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date June 1, 2021
Acceptance Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Altınışık, M. S., Şahin, M., & Şanlı, E. (2022). Geçici Koruma Altındaki Suriyelilerde Psikolojik Yardım Almanın Önündeki Engeller. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 99-128.