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Afrika’ya Yönelik Türk Dış Politikasında Süreklilik ve Değişim

Year 2008, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 43 - 64, 01.04.2008

Abstract

This article aims to give an overview of Turkey’s improving relations with African countries. It indicates that Turkey’s international relations concentrate more on her relations with the European Union, Caucasians, Balkans, the Middle East and USA. Turkey’s opening up to Africa today, is a new development in her international relations. However, such relations had existed during the times of the Ottoman empire, especially with north Africa. Turkish academics, universities and media have not yet grasped the importance of Africa in the academic sense and as such none of them has a center on African research. Likewise, the African academics, universities and media. Other than communications between Turkey and African countries and related institutions on the subject matter, it is not possible to talk about significant serious data on Turkey-Africa relations. The relations between Turkey and Africa were on each individual African country’s basis. However, with the recent development in the world today known as “globalization”, Turkey is trying to improve her political and economic relations with the entire African continent and with the recent development, we have seen that there are high level visits between Turkey and African conutries. Trade relations between Turkey and African countries are in progress. 

References

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  • HERMANN, C. ‘Changing Course: When Governments Choose to Redirect Foreign Po- licy’, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 34, Number 3, 1990, pp.3–22.
  • HERMANN, M. ‘Explaining Foreign Policy Behaviour Using the Personal Characteris- tics of Political Leaders’, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 24, Number 7, 1980, pp.7–46; Carlnaes, W. ‘The Agency Structure Problem in Foreign Policy Analysis’, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 36, 1992, pp.245–70.
  • HESS, Andrew C., “The Ottoman Conquest of Egypt (1517) and the Beginning of the Sixteenth-Century World War”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Volume. 4 , Number 1, January 1973, pp. 55-76.
  • HILL, C. ‘The Changing Politics of Foreign Policy’, in C. Alden, Foreign Policy Analysis, University of London Pres, 2006, p. 7.
  • HUDSON, V. ‘Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of Interna- tional Relations’, Foreign Policy Analysis, Volume 1, Number1, March 2005, p.3.
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  • KAVAS, Ahmet. Rising Africa and Turkey, First Turkey-African Congress, http://www.go- ogle.com.tr/search?q=Is+the+EU+in+Favor+of+Turkish- African+Relations%3 F&hl=tr&start=20&sa=N,(23.11.2005).
  • MORGENTHAU, H. ‘Realism, and the Scientific Study of International Politics’, Social Research, Volume 61, (1994), pp. 867-869; Carlnaes, W. ‘The Agency Structure Problem in Foreign Policy Analysis’, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 36, 1992, pp.245–70.
  • NAZLI, H. Kaan. Turkey and North Africa: Challenge and Opportunity, http://www.esiweb. org/pdf/esi_turkey_tpq_id_33.pdf
  • News Archives, The Third International Turkish-African Congress http://www.tika.gov.tr/ EN/Icerik_Detay.ASP?Icerik=811, (04.02.2008).
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  • TEPEBAŞ Ufuk. II. International Turkish-African Congress http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ ngo_az_org/message/1726, (12-14.12.2006).
  • Today’s Zaman, ‘Turkey Extends Economic Reach Globally’, http://www.newstime7.com/ haber/20080518/Turkey-extends-economic-reach-globally.php, (18.05.2008)
  • TURKEY, “Minister of State: Non-Tariff Barriers with the EU should be Removed” Today’s Zaman, http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay& link=123559,(1.10.2007).
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  • Turkish Department of Foreign Affairs, http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/speeches/2005/pa- ha0302.htm, (01.03.2005).
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  • YILDIZ, Abdulhamit. İstanbul, http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load= detay&link=111435, ( 17.05.2007).

Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa

Year 2008, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 43 - 64, 01.04.2008

Abstract

Bu makale Türkiye’nin Afrika ülkeleri ile gelişen ilişkilerinin genel bir bakışını vermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Türkiye’nin uluslararası ilişkilerinin daha ziyade Avrupa Birliği, Kafkaslar, Balkanlar, Ortadoğu ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ilişkileri üzerine yoğunlaştığını bu çalışma göstermektedir. Türkiye’nin bugün Afrika’ya açılması uluslararası ilişkilerinde yeni bir gelişmedir. Ancak bu ilişkiler özellikle Kuzey Afrika ile Osmanlı İmparatorluğu zamanında vardı. Türk akademisyenleri, üniversiteleri ve basını hala Afrika’nın bilimsel açıdan önemini kavrayamadığı gibi hiçbiri Afrika araştırmaları üzerine bir merkeze sahip değildir. Aynı şekilde Afrika akademisyenleri, üniversiteleri ve basını da. Türkiye-Afrika ülkeleri ve ilgili kurumlar arasındaki irtibattan başka konuşulacak dikkate değer ciddi bilgi bulmak mümkün değildir. Türkiye-Afrika ilişkileri başlı başına Afrika ülkelerinin her biri ile ayrı ayrıdır. Fakat bugün dünyada “globalizayon” denilen yeni gelişmelerle, Türkiye, politik ve ekonomik ilişkilerini tüm Afrika kıtası ile geliştirmeye gayret göstermektedir ve yakın gelişmelerle yüksek seviyede temasların olduğunu görüyoruz. Yine ticaret ilişkileri her iki ülke arasında gelişmektedir. 

References

  • ‘The Secretary General Participated in the First Turkish-African Congress’, http:// www.theunity.org/en/index.php?view=article&catid=1:haberler&id=145:the- secretary-general-participated-the-first-turkish-africa-congress&tmpl=compo nent&print=1&page=, (24.11.2005).
  • ALLISON, G. and M. Halperin. (1972) ‘Bureaucratic Politics: A Paradigm and Some Policy Implications,’ World Politics, Volume 24, pp. 40-79.
  • Anadolu Agency: News in English, http://www.hri.org/news/turkey/anadolu/2000/00-07-24. anadolu.html, (24.07.2000).
  • Anadolu Agency: News in English, http://www.hri.org/news/turkey/anadolu/1999/99-01-26. anadolu.html, (01.26.1999).
  • ARAS, Bülent. ‘Africa in International Relations’, First Turkish-African Conference, Af- rica Enstitüsü, Türk-Asya Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye, 23 Kasım 2005.
  • GUELI Richard-Oguzhan Kase. Sunday Independent, http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_ id=1&click_id=594&art_id=vn20080210091806952C797376,(10.02.2008).
  • HERMANN, C. ‘Changing Course: When Governments Choose to Redirect Foreign Po- licy’, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 34, Number 3, 1990, pp.3–22.
  • HERMANN, M. ‘Explaining Foreign Policy Behaviour Using the Personal Characteris- tics of Political Leaders’, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 24, Number 7, 1980, pp.7–46; Carlnaes, W. ‘The Agency Structure Problem in Foreign Policy Analysis’, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 36, 1992, pp.245–70.
  • HESS, Andrew C., “The Ottoman Conquest of Egypt (1517) and the Beginning of the Sixteenth-Century World War”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Volume. 4 , Number 1, January 1973, pp. 55-76.
  • HILL, C. ‘The Changing Politics of Foreign Policy’, in C. Alden, Foreign Policy Analysis, University of London Pres, 2006, p. 7.
  • HUDSON, V. ‘Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of Interna- tional Relations’, Foreign Policy Analysis, Volume 1, Number1, March 2005, p.3.
  • Hurriyet, ‘The Gambian President in Turkey’, Turkish Press Review, Wednesday, 18 June, 1997.
  • IZMIR (A.A), “Turkey’s national air carrier Turkish Airlines (THY) will begin flights to Johannesburg and Cape Town, South Africa as of September 2007”, http:// gazeteler.hossohbet.com/daily/210728-turkish-airlines-fly-south-africa. html,(28.09.06).
  • JERVIS, R. 1989. ‘Rational Deterrence: Theory and Evidence’, World Politics, Volume 41, pp.183-207; Harold Sprout and Margaret Sprout, (1969), “Explanation and Pre- diction in International Politics” in James N. Rosenau, ed., International Politics and Foreign Policy, revised. New York: Free Press, pp.60-72.
  • Journal of Turkish Weekly (JTW), http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=31361, (05.08.2006).
  • Journal of Turkish Weekly (JTW), http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=31361, (05.08.2006).
  • KAVAS, Ahmet. Rising Africa and Turkey, First Turkey-African Congress, http://www.go- ogle.com.tr/search?q=Is+the+EU+in+Favor+of+Turkish- African+Relations%3 F&hl=tr&start=20&sa=N,(23.11.2005).
  • MORGENTHAU, H. ‘Realism, and the Scientific Study of International Politics’, Social Research, Volume 61, (1994), pp. 867-869; Carlnaes, W. ‘The Agency Structure Problem in Foreign Policy Analysis’, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 36, 1992, pp.245–70.
  • NAZLI, H. Kaan. Turkey and North Africa: Challenge and Opportunity, http://www.esiweb. org/pdf/esi_turkey_tpq_id_33.pdf
  • News Archives, The Third International Turkish-African Congress http://www.tika.gov.tr/ EN/Icerik_Detay.ASP?Icerik=811, (04.02.2008).
  • PUTNAM, R. ‘Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of the Two-Level Game’, International Organization, Volume 42, Number 3, 1988, pp.427–60.
  • ŞENSOY Süleyman. Turkish Asian Center For Strategic Studies, http://www.tasam.org/in- dex.php?altid=1910, (21.09.2007).
  • SINGER, J.D. 1961. ‘The Level of Analysis Problem in International Politics’, World Po- litics, 14: 77-92.
  • SkyLife, http://www.thy.com/en-INT/corporate/skylife/article.aspx?mkl=402, (May 2007).
  • Speech Delivered by H.E. Mr. Abdullah Gül, Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, on the Occasion of the 2nd Istanbul Conference on Democracy and Global Security, Istanbul, 14 June 2007, (Unofficial Translation).
  • TEKLEMIKAEL, Mogus. African Perspectives on Relations between Africa and Turkey, Paper Presented at The Third International Turkish-African Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, 4-6 December, 2007, p. 2.
  • TEPEBAŞ Ufuk. II. International Turkish-African Congress http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ ngo_az_org/message/1726, (12-14.12.2006).
  • Today’s Zaman, ‘Turkey Extends Economic Reach Globally’, http://www.newstime7.com/ haber/20080518/Turkey-extends-economic-reach-globally.php, (18.05.2008)
  • TURKEY, “Minister of State: Non-Tariff Barriers with the EU should be Removed” Today’s Zaman, http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay& link=123559,(1.10.2007).
  • Turkish Daily News, http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/09/00X09X19. HTM, (19.09.2000).
  • Turkish Department of Foreign Affairs, http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/speeches/2005/pa- ha0302.htm, (01.03.2005).
  • Turkish Pres Review, http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/chr/, (16.05.2008).
  • Turkish Press Review, 05-11-24, http://www.hri.org/news/turkey/trkpr/2005/05-11-24.trkpr. html, (24.11.2005).
  • Turkish Press Review, Istanbul Hosts Turkish-African Congress, http://www.hri.org/news/ turkey/trkpr/2005/05-11-24.trkpr.html, (11-24.05.2005).
  • UCHEHARA, K. E. “Turkey and Nigeria: A Centuries-Old Relationship”, Turkish Daily News, http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/archives.php?id=15151, (02.12.1999).
  • UCHEHARA, op. cit; Hasan Ulusoy, ‘Turkish-Nigeria Relations (With A View to Turkey’s Policy Towards Black Africa for the Next Millennium’ Perceptons, Journal of Inter- national Affairs, September-November, 1998, Volume 111, Number 3, p. 147.
  • YILDIZ, Abdulhamit. İstanbul, http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load= detay&link=111435, ( 17.05.2007).
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kieran E. Uchehara This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2008
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Uchehara, K. E. . (2008). Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 2(3), 43-64.
AMA Uchehara KE. Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa. Gazi Akademik Bakış. April 2008;2(3):43-64.
Chicago Uchehara, Kieran E. “Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 2, no. 3 (April 2008): 43-64.
EndNote Uchehara KE (April 1, 2008) Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa. Gazi Akademik Bakış 2 3 43–64.
IEEE K. E. . Uchehara, “Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 43–64, 2008.
ISNAD Uchehara, Kieran E. “Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 2/3 (April 2008), 43-64.
JAMA Uchehara KE. Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2008;2:43–64.
MLA Uchehara, Kieran E. “Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa”. Gazi Akademik Bakış, vol. 2, no. 3, 2008, pp. 43-64.
Vancouver Uchehara KE. Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2008;2(3):43-64.

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