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Stres Tetikleyiciler Esnasında Gösterilen Zayıflıkları Azaltma ve Direnç Özelliklerini Artırma: Takım Sporlarında Hedef Bağlılığının Rolü

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 33 - 56, 27.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1006847

Abstract

Spor psikolojisindeki son çalışmalar, sporda direnç ve performansa odaklanmıştır. Elit performansta önemli bir psikolojik performans belirleyicisi olarak, direnç çalışmaları takım ve bireysel sporcuları içermektedir. Bu çalışma, hedef bağlılığı yaklaşımı ile direnç çalışmalarına farklı bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Hedef bağlılığı, sporda son zamanlarda incelenen faktörlerden biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sporda takım ve bireysel dayanıklılıkta hedefe bağlılığın rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmaya, takım sporcuları dahil edilmiştir ve bağlılık ve direnç ölçeklerini yanıtlamıştır. Hedef bağlılığının rolünü gösteren farklı aracılık modelleri varsayılmıştır. Aracılık modeli analizi, hedeflere bağlılığın sporda direncin kritik bir bileşeni olduğunu ortaya koymuştur, çünkü aksiliklerle karşılaşıldığında direnci artırmak ve zayıflıkları azaltmak için gerekli bir role sahiptir.

References

  • 1. Barnett, M. L. (1977). Effects of two methods of goal setting on learning a gross motor task. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 48(1), 19-23.
  • 2. Barnett, M. L., & Stanicek, J. A. (1979). Effects of goal setting on achievement in archery. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 50(3), 328-332.
  • 3. Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with Amos: basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • 4. Campion, M. A., & Lord, R. G. (1982). A control systems conceptualization of the goal-setting and changing process. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 30(2), 265-287.
  • 5. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York, NY: Routledge Academic.
  • 6. Day, C., & Gu, Q. (2009). Veteran teachers: commitment, resilience and quality retention. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 15(4), 441-457.
  • 7. Decroos, S., Lines, R. L., Morgan, P. B., Fletcher, D., Sarkar, M., Fransen, K., ... & Vande Broek, G. (2017). Development and validation of the characteristics of resilience in sports teams inventory. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 6(2), 158–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000089
  • 8. Erez, M., & Zidon, I. (1984). Effect of goal acceptance on the relationship of goal difficulty to performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.1.69
  • 9. Fasey, K. J., Sarkar, M., Wagstaff, C. R., & Johnston, J. (2021). Defining and characterizing organizational resilience in elite sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 52, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101834
  • 10. Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2016). Mental fortitude training: an evidence-based approach to developing psychological resilience for sustained success. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 7(3), 135-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2016.1255496
  • 11. Galli, N., & Gonzalez, S. P. (2015). Psychological resilience in sport: a review of the literature and implications for research and practice. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2014.946947
  • 12. Gorgulu, R., Senel, E., Adilogulları, İ., & Yildiz, M. (2018). An adaptation study of measurement properties for the characteristics of resilience in sports team inventory. Education Sciences, 8(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8030139
  • 13. Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford: Oxford university press.
  • 14. Hollenbeck, J. R., & Klein, H. J. (1987). Goal commitment and the goal-setting process: Problems, prospects, and proposals for future research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(2), 212-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.212
  • 15. Hollingsworth, B. (1975). Effects of performance goals and anxiety on learning a gross motor task. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 46(2), 162-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10671315.1975.10615319
  • 16. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • 17. Kegelaers, J., Wylleman, P., Blijlevens, S., Boonstoppel, A., & Hendriks, M. (2020). A coaches' perspectives on team resilience during major international competition. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 51(3), 221-246.
  • 18. Klein, H. J., Cooper, J. T., Molloy, J. C., & Swanson, J. A. (2014). The assessment of commitment: Advantages of a unidimensional, target-free approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 222-238. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034751
  • 19. Klein, H. J., Molloy, J. C., & Brinsfield, C. T. (2012). Reconceptualizing workplace commitment to redress a stretched construct: revisiting assumptions and removing confounds. Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 130-151. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2010.0018
  • 20. Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3(2), 157-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(68)90004-4
  • 21. Locke, E. A., Frederick, E., Buckner, E., & Bobko, P. (1984). Effect of previously assigned goals on self-set goals and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(4), 694-699. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.4.694
  • 22. Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. R., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1968-1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 125-152.
  • 23. Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35(6), 382–385. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017
  • 24. Mangundjaya, W. L., & Amir, M. T. (2021). Testing resilience and work ethics as mediators between charismatic leadership and affective commitment to change. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO2.0401
  • 25. Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2003, November). Academic resilience and the four cs: confidence, control, composure, and commitment, Paper Presented at the Joint AARE/NZARE Conference / Auckland, New Zealand.
  • 26. Meneghel, I., Salanova, M., & Martínez, I. M. (2016). Feeling good makes us stronger: how team resilience mediates the effect of positive emotions on team performance. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9592-6
  • 27. Morgan, P. B., Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2013). Defining and characterizing team resilience in elite sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(4), 549-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.01.004
  • 28. Morgan, P. B., Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2017). Recent developments in team resilience research in elite sport. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.013
  • 29. Morgan, P. B. C., Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2019). Developing team resilience: a season-long study of psychosocial enablers and strategies in a high-level sports team. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 45, 101543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101543
  • 30. Morgan, P. B., Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2015). Understanding team resilience in the world's best athletes: a case study of a rugby union World Cup winning team. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.007.
  • 31. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20147
  • 32. Riedel, J. A., Nebeker, D. M., & Cooper, B. L. (1988). The influence of monetary incentives on goal choice, goal commitment, and task performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 42(2), 155-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(88)90010-6
  • 33. Sarkar, M. (2017). Psychological resilience: definitional advancement and research developments in elite sport. International Journal of Stress Prevention and Wellbeing, 1(3), 1-4.
  • 34. Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. (2014). Psychological resilience in sport performers: a review of stressors and protective factors. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(15), 1419-1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.901551
  • 35. Sarkar, M., & Page, A. E. (2020). Developing individual and team resilience in elite sport: Research to Practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2020.1861144
  • 36. Senel, E., Yildiz, M., & Klein, H. J. (2019). The Turkish adaptation of the Klein et al’s unidimensional target-neutral commitment (KUT) scale. SPORMETRE The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(1), 176-186. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.606849
  • 37. Theodorakis, Y. (1996). The influence of goals, commitment, self-efficacy and self-satisfaction on motor performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 8(2), 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209608406475
  • 38. Waltz, C. F., & Bausell, R. B. (1981). Nursing research: design, statistics, and computer analysis. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.
  • 39. Westfall, P. H., & Henning, K. S. S. (2013). Texts in statistical science: Understanding advanced statistical methods. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis.

Decreasing Vulnerabilities Being Revealed During Stressors and Increasing Resilient Characteristics: The Role of Goal Commitment in Team Sports

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 33 - 56, 27.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1006847

Abstract

Recent studies in sport psychology have focused on resilience and performance in sport. As an important psychological performance determinant in elite performance, resilience studies included team and individual athletes. This study provides a different perspective to resilience studies with goal commitment approach. Goal commitment is one of the recent factors being examining in sports. The aim of this study to examine the role of goal commitment in team and individual resilience in sport. Two hundered eighty-nine team athletes (Mage=20.18±4.69) completed commitment and resilience measures. Different mediation models indicating the role of goal commitment was hypothesized. The mediation model analysis revealed that goal commitment was a critical component of resilience in sport since it had a necessary role to increase resilience and decrease vulnerabilities when encountered setbacks.

References

  • 1. Barnett, M. L. (1977). Effects of two methods of goal setting on learning a gross motor task. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 48(1), 19-23.
  • 2. Barnett, M. L., & Stanicek, J. A. (1979). Effects of goal setting on achievement in archery. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 50(3), 328-332.
  • 3. Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with Amos: basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • 4. Campion, M. A., & Lord, R. G. (1982). A control systems conceptualization of the goal-setting and changing process. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 30(2), 265-287.
  • 5. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York, NY: Routledge Academic.
  • 6. Day, C., & Gu, Q. (2009). Veteran teachers: commitment, resilience and quality retention. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 15(4), 441-457.
  • 7. Decroos, S., Lines, R. L., Morgan, P. B., Fletcher, D., Sarkar, M., Fransen, K., ... & Vande Broek, G. (2017). Development and validation of the characteristics of resilience in sports teams inventory. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 6(2), 158–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000089
  • 8. Erez, M., & Zidon, I. (1984). Effect of goal acceptance on the relationship of goal difficulty to performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.1.69
  • 9. Fasey, K. J., Sarkar, M., Wagstaff, C. R., & Johnston, J. (2021). Defining and characterizing organizational resilience in elite sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 52, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101834
  • 10. Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2016). Mental fortitude training: an evidence-based approach to developing psychological resilience for sustained success. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 7(3), 135-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2016.1255496
  • 11. Galli, N., & Gonzalez, S. P. (2015). Psychological resilience in sport: a review of the literature and implications for research and practice. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2014.946947
  • 12. Gorgulu, R., Senel, E., Adilogulları, İ., & Yildiz, M. (2018). An adaptation study of measurement properties for the characteristics of resilience in sports team inventory. Education Sciences, 8(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8030139
  • 13. Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford: Oxford university press.
  • 14. Hollenbeck, J. R., & Klein, H. J. (1987). Goal commitment and the goal-setting process: Problems, prospects, and proposals for future research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(2), 212-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.212
  • 15. Hollingsworth, B. (1975). Effects of performance goals and anxiety on learning a gross motor task. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 46(2), 162-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10671315.1975.10615319
  • 16. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • 17. Kegelaers, J., Wylleman, P., Blijlevens, S., Boonstoppel, A., & Hendriks, M. (2020). A coaches' perspectives on team resilience during major international competition. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 51(3), 221-246.
  • 18. Klein, H. J., Cooper, J. T., Molloy, J. C., & Swanson, J. A. (2014). The assessment of commitment: Advantages of a unidimensional, target-free approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 222-238. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034751
  • 19. Klein, H. J., Molloy, J. C., & Brinsfield, C. T. (2012). Reconceptualizing workplace commitment to redress a stretched construct: revisiting assumptions and removing confounds. Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 130-151. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2010.0018
  • 20. Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3(2), 157-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(68)90004-4
  • 21. Locke, E. A., Frederick, E., Buckner, E., & Bobko, P. (1984). Effect of previously assigned goals on self-set goals and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(4), 694-699. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.4.694
  • 22. Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. R., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1968-1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 125-152.
  • 23. Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35(6), 382–385. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017
  • 24. Mangundjaya, W. L., & Amir, M. T. (2021). Testing resilience and work ethics as mediators between charismatic leadership and affective commitment to change. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO2.0401
  • 25. Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2003, November). Academic resilience and the four cs: confidence, control, composure, and commitment, Paper Presented at the Joint AARE/NZARE Conference / Auckland, New Zealand.
  • 26. Meneghel, I., Salanova, M., & Martínez, I. M. (2016). Feeling good makes us stronger: how team resilience mediates the effect of positive emotions on team performance. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9592-6
  • 27. Morgan, P. B., Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2013). Defining and characterizing team resilience in elite sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(4), 549-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.01.004
  • 28. Morgan, P. B., Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2017). Recent developments in team resilience research in elite sport. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.013
  • 29. Morgan, P. B. C., Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2019). Developing team resilience: a season-long study of psychosocial enablers and strategies in a high-level sports team. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 45, 101543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101543
  • 30. Morgan, P. B., Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2015). Understanding team resilience in the world's best athletes: a case study of a rugby union World Cup winning team. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.007.
  • 31. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20147
  • 32. Riedel, J. A., Nebeker, D. M., & Cooper, B. L. (1988). The influence of monetary incentives on goal choice, goal commitment, and task performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 42(2), 155-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(88)90010-6
  • 33. Sarkar, M. (2017). Psychological resilience: definitional advancement and research developments in elite sport. International Journal of Stress Prevention and Wellbeing, 1(3), 1-4.
  • 34. Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. (2014). Psychological resilience in sport performers: a review of stressors and protective factors. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(15), 1419-1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.901551
  • 35. Sarkar, M., & Page, A. E. (2020). Developing individual and team resilience in elite sport: Research to Practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2020.1861144
  • 36. Senel, E., Yildiz, M., & Klein, H. J. (2019). The Turkish adaptation of the Klein et al’s unidimensional target-neutral commitment (KUT) scale. SPORMETRE The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(1), 176-186. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.606849
  • 37. Theodorakis, Y. (1996). The influence of goals, commitment, self-efficacy and self-satisfaction on motor performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 8(2), 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209608406475
  • 38. Waltz, C. F., & Bausell, R. B. (1981). Nursing research: design, statistics, and computer analysis. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.
  • 39. Westfall, P. H., & Henning, K. S. S. (2013). Texts in statistical science: Understanding advanced statistical methods. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ender Şenel 0000-0001-6276-6704

Mehmet Ulaş 0000-0002-5633-542X

Publication Date January 27, 2022
Submission Date October 8, 2021
Acceptance Date December 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 27 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şenel, E., & Ulaş, M. (2022). Decreasing Vulnerabilities Being Revealed During Stressors and Increasing Resilient Characteristics: The Role of Goal Commitment in Team Sports. Gazi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(1), 33-56. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1006847

Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi yılda dört kez yayımlanan bilimsel ve hakemli bir dergidir.


Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences is a scientific and peer-reviewed journal published quarterly.