Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Analysis of Foreign Language Anxiety in Terms of Some Variables: Sample of Mardin Yeşilli District

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 198 - 213, 31.07.2023

Abstract

Foreign language anxiety is a self-perception specific to foreign language learning classes and is mainly caused by the uncertainties of the foreign language learning process. In this respect, foreign language anxiety differs from other types of anxiety. This study was conducted to reveal the foreign language anxiety levels of 9th,10th, and 11th-grade students studying at the high school level in terms of some variables. The descriptive model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. The study was carried out with the participation of 201 high school students studying in the Yeşilli district of Mardin province in the 2021-2022 academic year. Among the students who participated in the study, 96.5% had not received preparatory education, while only 3.5% had received preparatory education. The Foreign Language Anxiety Inventory (1986), developed by Horwitz et al., was translated into Turkish by Aydın et al. and was used to be the source of the measurement tool in line with the scope of the research. The analyses were conducted using a statistical software program, and a significance level 0.05 was accepted. The findings analyzed whether the students' anxiety levels towards foreign language varied based on different variables. The analysis results revealed that the foreign language anxiety scores show a normal distribution. It was determined that the anxiety average scores of the participants were at the fourth (I agree) level according to the 5-point Likert scale. According to the analysis of the data, it was found that students' foreign language anxiety levels were relatively high. In addition, it was determined that the students' anxiety levels did not differ according to gender, age, and whether they receive a preparatory class. The obtained results were discussed within the literature framework, and recommendations have been made for researchers and practitioners regarding these results.

References

  • Adams, H., & Nicolson, M. (2014). Feeling the difference in the languages classroom: explorations of teacher understanding of diversity. The Language Learning Journal, 42(1), 25-40.
  • Alkan, H., Bümen, N. T., & Uslu, Ö. (2019). İngilizce konuşma kaygısı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanma çalışması. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(2), 1157-1180.
  • APA (2022). Anxiety. Dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/anxiety (Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2022)
  • Aydın, B. (1999). A study of sources of foreign language classroom anxiety in speaking and writing classes. Unpublished Thesis Doctoral, Anadolu University, Eskişehir.
  • Aydın, S., & Zengin, B. (2008). Yabancı dil öğreniminde kaygı: Bir literatür özeti. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4(1), 81-94.
  • Balemir, S. H. (2009). The sources of foreign language speaking anxiety and the relationship between proficiency level and degree of foreign language speaking anxiety. Master's Thesis, 13-119. Bilkent University, Ankara.
  • Batumlu, D., & Erden, M. (2007). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Yabancı Diller Yüksek Okulu hazırlık öğrencilerinin yabancı dil kaygıları ile ingilizce başarıları arasındaki ilişki. Eğitimde Kuram Ve Uygulama, 3(1), 24-38.
  • Bekleyen, N. (2004). The influence of teachers and peers on foreign language classroom anxiety. Ankara Üniversitesi TÖNMER Dil Dergisi, 123, 49-66.
  • Cao, Y. (2011). Investigating situational willingness to communicate within second language classrooms from an ecological perspective. The system, 39(4), 468-479. doi 10.1016/j.system.2011.10.016
  • Chapman, C.N. (2007). Freud, religion, and anxiety. Morrisville, NC,New York.
  • Christensen, L. B., Johnson, R. B., & Turner, L. A. (2015). Araştırma yöntemleri desen ve analiz (2.baskı) (Çev. Edt.: A. Aypay). Anı Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Dalkılıç, N. (2001). The role of foreign language classroom anxiety in English speaking courses. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(8), 70-82
  • Demirdaş, Ö. (2012). Foreign language anxiety and performance of language students in turkısh unıversıty preparatory classes. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Bolu.
  • Dinçer, A., & Yeşilyurt, S. (2013). Pre-service English teachers’ beliefs on speaking skills are based on motivational orientations. English Language Teaching, 6(7), 88-95. doi:10.5539/elt.v6n7p88
  • Erskine, R. G. (2018) Relational patterns, therapeutic presence “concepts and practice of ıntegrative psychotherapy”. London: Karnac Books Ltd.
  • Gardner, R. C., Tremblay, P. F., & Masgoret, A. M. (1997). Towards a full model of second language learning: an empirical investigation. The Modern Language Journal, 81(3), 344-362.
  • Gürsu, F. (2011). The Turkish equivalence validity and reliability study of the foreign language classroom anxiety scale. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Yeditepe University, İstanbul.
  • Güven, Z. (2017). Yabancı dil öğreniminde öz düzenlemeli öğrenme stratejilerinin kullanımı: üniversite öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Researcher Social Science Studies, 5(4), 873-888.
  • Hammad, E. (2022). Gaza EFL 11th graders' use of vocabulary learning strategies. Journal of Second and Multiple Language Acquisition, 10(1), 285-303.
  • Horwitz, E. K. (1986). Preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of a foreign language anxiety scale. TESOL Quarterly, 20, 559-64.
  • Horwitz, E. K. (2001). Language anxiety and achievement. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 112-126.
  • Horwitz, E. K. (2010). Foreign and second language anxiety. Language Teaching, 43(2), 154-167.
  • Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz., M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.
  • Hu, X., Zhang, X., & McGeown, S. (2021). Foreign language anxiety and achievement: A study of primary school students learning English in China. Language Teaching Research, 3, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211032332
  • Karçiç, A., & Çetin, M. (2015). On the anxiety factor of speaking skill development among Bosnian learners. Turkish Studies, 10(11), 971-986.
  • Kasbi, S., & Elahi Shirvan, M. (2017). Ecological understanding of foreign language speaking anxiety: emerging patterns and dynamic systems. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 2(1), 1-20. doi:10.1186/s40862- 017-0026-y
  • Kring, A. M., & Johnson, S. L. (2015) Anormal psikoloji. Muzaffer Şahin (Çev. Ed.), Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • MacIntyre, P. D. (1995). How does anxiety affect second language learning? A reply to Sparks and Ganschow. The Modern Language Journal, 79(1), 90-99.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44(2), 283- 305.
  • Nicolson, M., & Adams, H. (2010). The language classroom: palace of comfort or obstacle course? Language Learning Journal, 38(1), 37-49. doi:10.1080/09571730903545202
  • Ocaktan, M. E., Keklik, A., & Çöl, M. (2002). Abidinpaşa Sağlık Grup Başkanlığı'na bağlı sağlık ocaklarında çalışan sağlık personelinde Spielberger durumluluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeyi. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 55(1), 21-18.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Bailey, P., & Daley, C. E. (1999). Factors associated with foreign language anxiety. Applied Psycholinguistics, 20(2), 217-239.
  • Oruç, E., & Bakıner, A. (2022). Yaşam boyu yabancı dil öğrenme ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. PESA Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(2) , 58-67.
  • Oruç, E., & Demirci, C. (2020). Yabancı Dil Sınıf Kaygısı ölçeğinin faktör yapısının incelenmesi . Language Teaching and Educational Research, 3(1), 76-93. doi: 10.35207/later.729713
  • Öner, N., & Kaymak, D. A. (1986). The transliteral equivalence and the reliability of the Turkish TAI. In R. Schwarzer, H.M. Vander Ploeg, C.D.Spielberger ( Eds.) Advances in test anxiety research, V:5. Lise: Swets en Zeitlinger, & Hillsdale. NJ; Erlbaum, pp.227- 239.
  • Özkan, C. (2019). The relationship between students' success and their level of foreign language anxiety and the primary sources of foreign language speaking anxiety. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Çağ Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Öztürk, G., & Gürbüz, N. (2013). The impact of gender on foreign language speaking anxiety and motivation. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 654-665.
  • Raja, F. U. (2017). Anxiety level in students of public speaking: Causes and remedies. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 4(1), 94-110. doi:10.22555/joined.v4i1.1001
  • Saito, Y., & Samimy, K. K. (1996). Foreign language anxiety and language performance: A study of learner anxiety in beginning, intermediate, and advanced-level college students of Japanese. Foreign Language Annals, 29(2), 239-251.
  • Scovel, T. (1978). The effect of effect: A review of the anxiety literature. Language Learning, 28, 129–142
  • Subaşı, G. (2010). What are the main sources of Turkish EFL students’ anxiety in oral practice? Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 1(2), 29-49.
  • Tuan, N. H., & Mai, T. N. (2015). Factors affecting students’ speaking performance at LE Thanh High School. Asian Journal of Educational Research, 3(2), 8-23.
  • Wolman, B. B. (1989). Dictionary of behavioral science. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold co. Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC, 37(3), 308-328.
  • Wu, C. P., & Lin, H. J. (2014). Anxiety about speaking a foreign language as a mediator of the relation between motivation and willingness to communicate. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 119, 785-79.

Yabancı Dil Kaygısının Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi: Mardin Yeşilli İlçesi Örneklemi

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 198 - 213, 31.07.2023

Abstract

Yabancı dil kaygısı, yabancı dil öğrenme sınıflarına özgü bir çeşit benlik algısı olup daha çok yabancı dil öğrenme sürecinin belirsizliklerinden kaynaklanır. Bu yönüyle Yabancı dil kaygısı diğer kaygı türlerinden ayrılır. Bu çalışma lise kademesinde öğrenim gören 9, 10 ve 11. sınıf öğrencilerinin bazı değişkenler açısından yabancı dil kaygı düzeylerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel model kullanılmıştır. Çalışma 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Mardin ilinin Yeşilli ilçesinde lise kademesinde öğrenim gören 201 öğrencinin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin %96.5’i hazırlık eğitimi görmemişken sadece %3.5’i hazırlık eğitimi almışlardır. Araştırmanın verileri, Horwitz ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilen ve Aydın ve arkadaşları tarafından Türkçeye çevrilen Yabancı Dil Kaygı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri için betimsel analizler kullanılmıştır. Analizler bir istatistik programıyla yapılmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi 0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Analizlerde farklı değişkenlere göre öğrencilerin yabancı dile yönelik kaygı düzeylerinin deiğişip değişmediği incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucuna göre yabancı dil kaygı puanlarının normal dağılım gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Katılımcıların kaygı ortalama puanlarının 5-li Likert derecesine göre dördüncü, “Katılıyorum” seviyesinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Verilerin analizine göre öğrencilerin yabancı dil kaygı düşeylerinin görece yüksek düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin kaygı düzeylerinin cinsiyet, yaş ve hazırlık sınıfı alıp almadıklarına göre farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlar literatür çerçevesinde tartışılıp bu sonuçlara ilişkin araştırmacı ve uygulayıcılara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

  • Adams, H., & Nicolson, M. (2014). Feeling the difference in the languages classroom: explorations of teacher understanding of diversity. The Language Learning Journal, 42(1), 25-40.
  • Alkan, H., Bümen, N. T., & Uslu, Ö. (2019). İngilizce konuşma kaygısı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanma çalışması. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(2), 1157-1180.
  • APA (2022). Anxiety. Dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/anxiety (Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2022)
  • Aydın, B. (1999). A study of sources of foreign language classroom anxiety in speaking and writing classes. Unpublished Thesis Doctoral, Anadolu University, Eskişehir.
  • Aydın, S., & Zengin, B. (2008). Yabancı dil öğreniminde kaygı: Bir literatür özeti. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4(1), 81-94.
  • Balemir, S. H. (2009). The sources of foreign language speaking anxiety and the relationship between proficiency level and degree of foreign language speaking anxiety. Master's Thesis, 13-119. Bilkent University, Ankara.
  • Batumlu, D., & Erden, M. (2007). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Yabancı Diller Yüksek Okulu hazırlık öğrencilerinin yabancı dil kaygıları ile ingilizce başarıları arasındaki ilişki. Eğitimde Kuram Ve Uygulama, 3(1), 24-38.
  • Bekleyen, N. (2004). The influence of teachers and peers on foreign language classroom anxiety. Ankara Üniversitesi TÖNMER Dil Dergisi, 123, 49-66.
  • Cao, Y. (2011). Investigating situational willingness to communicate within second language classrooms from an ecological perspective. The system, 39(4), 468-479. doi 10.1016/j.system.2011.10.016
  • Chapman, C.N. (2007). Freud, religion, and anxiety. Morrisville, NC,New York.
  • Christensen, L. B., Johnson, R. B., & Turner, L. A. (2015). Araştırma yöntemleri desen ve analiz (2.baskı) (Çev. Edt.: A. Aypay). Anı Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Dalkılıç, N. (2001). The role of foreign language classroom anxiety in English speaking courses. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(8), 70-82
  • Demirdaş, Ö. (2012). Foreign language anxiety and performance of language students in turkısh unıversıty preparatory classes. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Bolu.
  • Dinçer, A., & Yeşilyurt, S. (2013). Pre-service English teachers’ beliefs on speaking skills are based on motivational orientations. English Language Teaching, 6(7), 88-95. doi:10.5539/elt.v6n7p88
  • Erskine, R. G. (2018) Relational patterns, therapeutic presence “concepts and practice of ıntegrative psychotherapy”. London: Karnac Books Ltd.
  • Gardner, R. C., Tremblay, P. F., & Masgoret, A. M. (1997). Towards a full model of second language learning: an empirical investigation. The Modern Language Journal, 81(3), 344-362.
  • Gürsu, F. (2011). The Turkish equivalence validity and reliability study of the foreign language classroom anxiety scale. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Yeditepe University, İstanbul.
  • Güven, Z. (2017). Yabancı dil öğreniminde öz düzenlemeli öğrenme stratejilerinin kullanımı: üniversite öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Researcher Social Science Studies, 5(4), 873-888.
  • Hammad, E. (2022). Gaza EFL 11th graders' use of vocabulary learning strategies. Journal of Second and Multiple Language Acquisition, 10(1), 285-303.
  • Horwitz, E. K. (1986). Preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of a foreign language anxiety scale. TESOL Quarterly, 20, 559-64.
  • Horwitz, E. K. (2001). Language anxiety and achievement. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 112-126.
  • Horwitz, E. K. (2010). Foreign and second language anxiety. Language Teaching, 43(2), 154-167.
  • Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz., M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.
  • Hu, X., Zhang, X., & McGeown, S. (2021). Foreign language anxiety and achievement: A study of primary school students learning English in China. Language Teaching Research, 3, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211032332
  • Karçiç, A., & Çetin, M. (2015). On the anxiety factor of speaking skill development among Bosnian learners. Turkish Studies, 10(11), 971-986.
  • Kasbi, S., & Elahi Shirvan, M. (2017). Ecological understanding of foreign language speaking anxiety: emerging patterns and dynamic systems. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 2(1), 1-20. doi:10.1186/s40862- 017-0026-y
  • Kring, A. M., & Johnson, S. L. (2015) Anormal psikoloji. Muzaffer Şahin (Çev. Ed.), Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • MacIntyre, P. D. (1995). How does anxiety affect second language learning? A reply to Sparks and Ganschow. The Modern Language Journal, 79(1), 90-99.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44(2), 283- 305.
  • Nicolson, M., & Adams, H. (2010). The language classroom: palace of comfort or obstacle course? Language Learning Journal, 38(1), 37-49. doi:10.1080/09571730903545202
  • Ocaktan, M. E., Keklik, A., & Çöl, M. (2002). Abidinpaşa Sağlık Grup Başkanlığı'na bağlı sağlık ocaklarında çalışan sağlık personelinde Spielberger durumluluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeyi. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 55(1), 21-18.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Bailey, P., & Daley, C. E. (1999). Factors associated with foreign language anxiety. Applied Psycholinguistics, 20(2), 217-239.
  • Oruç, E., & Bakıner, A. (2022). Yaşam boyu yabancı dil öğrenme ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. PESA Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(2) , 58-67.
  • Oruç, E., & Demirci, C. (2020). Yabancı Dil Sınıf Kaygısı ölçeğinin faktör yapısının incelenmesi . Language Teaching and Educational Research, 3(1), 76-93. doi: 10.35207/later.729713
  • Öner, N., & Kaymak, D. A. (1986). The transliteral equivalence and the reliability of the Turkish TAI. In R. Schwarzer, H.M. Vander Ploeg, C.D.Spielberger ( Eds.) Advances in test anxiety research, V:5. Lise: Swets en Zeitlinger, & Hillsdale. NJ; Erlbaum, pp.227- 239.
  • Özkan, C. (2019). The relationship between students' success and their level of foreign language anxiety and the primary sources of foreign language speaking anxiety. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Çağ Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Öztürk, G., & Gürbüz, N. (2013). The impact of gender on foreign language speaking anxiety and motivation. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 654-665.
  • Raja, F. U. (2017). Anxiety level in students of public speaking: Causes and remedies. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 4(1), 94-110. doi:10.22555/joined.v4i1.1001
  • Saito, Y., & Samimy, K. K. (1996). Foreign language anxiety and language performance: A study of learner anxiety in beginning, intermediate, and advanced-level college students of Japanese. Foreign Language Annals, 29(2), 239-251.
  • Scovel, T. (1978). The effect of effect: A review of the anxiety literature. Language Learning, 28, 129–142
  • Subaşı, G. (2010). What are the main sources of Turkish EFL students’ anxiety in oral practice? Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 1(2), 29-49.
  • Tuan, N. H., & Mai, T. N. (2015). Factors affecting students’ speaking performance at LE Thanh High School. Asian Journal of Educational Research, 3(2), 8-23.
  • Wolman, B. B. (1989). Dictionary of behavioral science. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold co. Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC, 37(3), 308-328.
  • Wu, C. P., & Lin, H. J. (2014). Anxiety about speaking a foreign language as a mediator of the relation between motivation and willingness to communicate. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 119, 785-79.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Educational Sciences and Field Education Studies
Authors

Akif Akto 0000-0002-5838-6335

Ayşegül Mutaf Serim 0000-0003-1411-8926

Recep Bindak 0000-0002-0005-7862

Early Pub Date July 26, 2023
Publication Date July 31, 2023
Submission Date October 10, 2022
Acceptance Date July 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akto, A., Mutaf Serim, A., & Bindak, R. (2023). Yabancı Dil Kaygısının Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi: Mardin Yeşilli İlçesi Örneklemi. Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 198-213.